Venous sinus stent implantation is an emerging endovascular treatment technique effectively applied in diseases such as cerebral venous sinus throm-bosis.However,arterial stents are commonly used in clinical practice ...Venous sinus stent implantation is an emerging endovascular treatment technique effectively applied in diseases such as cerebral venous sinus throm-bosis.However,arterial stents are commonly used in clinical practice for venous sinus stent implantation,which is off-label and carries high risks and poor prog-nosis,highlighting the necessity of developing venous sinus-specific stents.This narrative review discusses the current situation and problems of venous sinus stent implantation and looks forward to the design focus and future development prospects of venous sinus-specific stents.展开更多
Based on the case studies and statistical analysis of earthquake-related ionospheric disturbances mainly from DEMETER satellite, ground-based GPS and ionosounding data, this paper summarizes the statisw tical characte...Based on the case studies and statistical analysis of earthquake-related ionospheric disturbances mainly from DEMETER satellite, ground-based GPS and ionosounding data, this paper summarizes the statisw tical characteristics of earthquake-related ionospheric disturbances, including electromagnetic emissions, plasma perturbations and variation of energetic particle flux. According to the main results done by Chinese scientists, fusing with the existed study from global researches, seismo-ionospheric disturbances usually occurred a few days or hours before earthquake occurrence. Paralleling to these case studies, lithosphere-atmosphere-ionosphere (LAI) coupling mechanisms are checked and optimized. A thermo-electric model was proposed to explain the seismo-electromagnetic effects before earthquakes. A propagation model was put forward to explain the electromagnetic waves into the ionosphere. According to the requirement of earthquake prediction research, China seismo-electromagnetic satellite, the first space-based platform of Chinese earthquake stereoscopic observation system, is proposed and planned to launch at about the end of 2014. It focuses on checking the LAI model and distinguishing earthquake-related ionospheric disturbance. The preliminary design for the satellite will adopt CAST-2000 platform with eight payloads onboard. It is believed that the satellite will work together with the ground monitoring network to improve the capability to capture seismo-electromagnetic information, which is beneficial for earthquake monitoring and prediction researches.展开更多
The factors affecting the reflection and transmission coefficient of the ionosphere have been analyzed.These factors include wave frequency,incident angle,geomagnetic inclination,electron density and collision frequen...The factors affecting the reflection and transmission coefficient of the ionosphere have been analyzed.These factors include wave frequency,incident angle,geomagnetic inclination,electron density and collision frequency in the ionosphere.The ionosphere refractive index is also analyzed.The ionosphere above 70 km is considered to be homogeneous and anisotropic,and the reflection and transmission coefficient matrix is calculated using matrix method.Simultaneously the Booker quartic equation is solved to get the refractive index in the ionosphere.The results show that when the wave frequency is higher,it is easier to penetrate into the ionosphere from its bottom boundary and the propagation attenuation in the ionosphere is smaller.TE(traverse electric) wave and TM(traverse magnetic) wave can both penetrate into the ionosphere with a small incident angle,while TE wave can hardly transmit into the ionosphere when the incident angle is large.The transmission coefficient decreases as the geomagnetic inclination increases.TE and TM wave cannot penetrate into the ionosphere at magnetic equator.When the electron collision frequency is higher,it is easier for VLF wave to penetrate into the ionosphere and the attenuation of ordinary wave is weaker,which may be caused by the energy transportation between the waves and the particles.The ordinary(O) wave experiences severer attenuation than extraordinary(X) wave,and X wave is a penetration mode whereas O wave is a non-penetration mode in the ionosphere.All the results indicate that VLF wave with higher frequency is easier to penetrate into the ionosphere and to be recorded by the satellites at high latitude.It is hard for ULF and the lower frequency VLF wave to transmit into the ionosphere directly for the severe reflection and attenuation.It may transmit into the ionosphere with a small incident angle due to the nonlinear effect,for example,the interaction between the waves and the particles or cross modulation,and then propagate along the whistle duct with small attenuation.This work may be a preliminary theoretical exploration for the future calculation on the response of ground based VLF artificial transmitter in the ionosphere and further study on the seismic ionosphere coupling model.展开更多
1.Introduction The China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite (CSES), which is also called ZhangHeng-1 (ZH-1), is the first Chinese space-borne platform dedicated to geophysical field measurement andearthquake monitoring ...1.Introduction The China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite (CSES), which is also called ZhangHeng-1 (ZH-1), is the first Chinese space-borne platform dedicated to geophysical field measurement andearthquake monitoring by detecting variations in the electromagnetic environment of space. The CSES was launched successfully at15:51 on February 2, 2018, at China’s Jiuquan Satellite Launching Center.展开更多
In this paper, the progress and development on remote sensing technology applied in earthquake monitoring research are summarized, such as differential interference synthetic aperture radar (D-InSAR), infrared remot...In this paper, the progress and development on remote sensing technology applied in earthquake monitoring research are summarized, such as differential interference synthetic aperture radar (D-InSAR), infrared remote sensing, and seismo-ionospheric detecting. Many new monitoring data in this domain have been used, and new data processing methods have been developed to obtain high-precision images about crustal deformation, outgoing longwave radiation (OLR), surface latent heat flux (SLHF), and ionospheric parameters. The development in monitoring technology and data processing technique largely enriches earthquake research information and provides new tools for earthquake stereoscope monitoring system, especially on the space part. Finally, new developing trend in this area was introduced, and some key problems in future work were pointed out.展开更多
The China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite, launched into orbit from Jiuquan Satellite Launch Centre on February 2 nd, 2018, is China's first space satellite dedicated to geophysical exporation. The satellite carr...The China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite, launched into orbit from Jiuquan Satellite Launch Centre on February 2 nd, 2018, is China's first space satellite dedicated to geophysical exporation. The satellite carries eight scientific payloads including high-precision magnetometers to detect electromagnetic changes in space, in particular changes associated with global earthquake disasters. In order to encourage and facilitate use by geophysical scientists of data from the satellite's payloads, this paper introduces the application systems developed for the China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite by the Institute of Crustal Dynamics, China Earthquake Administration;these include platform construction, data classification, data storage, data format, and data access and acquisition.展开更多
Four levels of the data from the search coil magnetometer(SCM) onboard the China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite(CSES)are defined and described. The data in different levels all contain three components of the wavefo...Four levels of the data from the search coil magnetometer(SCM) onboard the China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite(CSES)are defined and described. The data in different levels all contain three components of the waveform and/or spectrum of the induced magnetic field around the orbit in the frequency range of 10 Hz to 20 kHz; these are divided into an ultra-low-frequency band(ULF,10–200 Hz), an extremely low frequency band(ELF, 200–2200 Hz), and a very low frequency band(VLF, 1.8–20 kHz). Examples of data products for Level-2, Level-3, and Level-4 are presented. The initial results obtained in the commission test phase demonstrated that the SCM was in a normal operational status and that the data are of high enough quality to reliably capture most space weather events related to low-frequency geomagnetic disturbances.展开更多
The Langmuir Probe(LAP), onboard the China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite(CSES), has been designed for in situ measurements of bulk parameters of the ionosphere plasma, the first Chinese application of in-situ measu...The Langmuir Probe(LAP), onboard the China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite(CSES), has been designed for in situ measurements of bulk parameters of the ionosphere plasma, the first Chinese application of in-situ measurement technology in the field of space exploration. The two main parameters measured by LAP are electron density and temperature. In this paper, a brief description of the LAP and its work mode are provided. Based on characteristics of the LAP, and assuming an ideal plasma environment, we introduce in detail a method used to invert the I-V curve; the data products that can be accessed by users are shown. Based on the LAP data available, this paper reports that events such as earthquakes and magnetic storms are preceded and followed by obvious abnormal changes. We suggest that LAP could provide a valuable data set for studies of space weather, seismic events, and the ionospheric environment.展开更多
Andrographis paniculata(A.paniculata)is a Chinese herbal medicine that clears away heat,reduces inflammation,protects the liver,and promotes choleretics.The WRKYs of A.paniculata are still not well characterized,altho...Andrographis paniculata(A.paniculata)is a Chinese herbal medicine that clears away heat,reduces inflammation,protects the liver,and promotes choleretics.The WRKYs of A.paniculata are still not well characterized,although many WRKYs have been identified in various plant species.In the present study,59 A.paniculata WRKY(ApWRKY)genes were identified and renamed on the basis of their respective chromosome distribution.These ApWRKYs were divided into three groups via phylogenetic analysis according to their WRKY domains and combined with WRKY of Arabidopsis.The 59 identified ApWRKY transcription factors were nonuniformity distributed on 23 chromosomes of A.paniculata.From the structural analysis of the conserved motifs,different ApWRKYs structures showed different biological functions,and the ApWRKY transcription factor had certain species-specificity in the evolutionary process.The expression patterns of the 41 ApWRKYs were examined through quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR)in various tissues and under abiotic stresses(salt).The results showed that most of the ApWRKY had different reactions to salt treatment.In addition,the content of the four main secondary metabolites in A.paniculata leaves was determined under salt stress.The results show that under a low concentration of salt treatment,the synthesis of andrographolide can be improved.展开更多
High energy particles are the main target of satellite space exploration; particle storm events are closely related to solar activity,cosmic ray distribution, and magnetic storms. The commonly seen energetic particle(...High energy particles are the main target of satellite space exploration; particle storm events are closely related to solar activity,cosmic ray distribution, and magnetic storms. The commonly seen energetic particle(electron) precipitation anomalies include mainly the inner and outer Van Allen radiation belts, the South Atlantic Anomaly, and the anomalous stripes excited by artificial electromagnetic waves. The China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite(CSES), launched in February of 2018, provides a platform for studying ionospheric particle disturbances. This paper reports the first studies of electron precipitation phenomenon based on high energy particle data from the CSES. We find that the global distribution of electron fluxes in the low energy band(0.1–3 MeV) can relatively well reflect the anomalous precipitation belt, which is consistent with results based on the DEMETER satellite, indicating that the quality of the lowenergy band payload of the CSES is good. In addition, this paper makes an in-depth study of the electron precipitation belt excited by the NWC artificial VLF electromagnetic transmitter located in Australia, which appears as a typical wisp structure on the energy spectrum. The magnetic shell parameter L corresponding to the precipitation belt ranges from 1.44 to 1.74, which is close to the L value(~1.45) of the NWC transmitter; the energy of the precipitation electrons is between 100 keV and 361.57 keV, among which the precipitation of 213.73 keV electrons is most conspicuous.展开更多
In June 2018, for the first time, the SURA heating facility in Russia, together with the in-orbit China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite(CSES), carried out a series of experiments in emitting high frequency(HF) O-mode...In June 2018, for the first time, the SURA heating facility in Russia, together with the in-orbit China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite(CSES), carried out a series of experiments in emitting high frequency(HF) O-mode radio waves to disturb the ionosphere. This paper reports data from those experiments, collected onboard CSES, including electric field, in-situ plasma parameters, and energetic particle flux. Five cases are analyzed, two cases in local daytime and three in local nighttime. We find that the pumping wave frequencies f_0 in local daytime were close to the critical frequency of the F_2 layer f_oF_2, but no pumping waves were detected by the electric field detector(EFD) on CSES even when the emitted power reached 90 MW, and no obvious plasma disturbances were observed from CSES in those two daytime cases. But on June 16, there existed a spread F phenomena when f_0 was lower than f_oF_2 at that local daytime period.During the three cases in local nighttime, the pumping waves were clearly distinguished in the HF-band electric field at the emitted frequency with the emitted power only 30 MW; the power spectrum density of the electric field was larger by an order of magnitude than the normal background, with the propagating radius exceeding 200 km. Due to the small f_oF_2 over SURA in June at that local nighttime period, f_0 in these three cases were significantly higher than f_oF_2, all belonging to under-dense heating conditions. As for the plasma parameters, only an increase of about 100 K in ion temperature was observed on June 12; in the other two cases(with one orbit without plasma data on June 17), no obvious plasma disturbances were found. This first joint SURA-CSES experiment illustrates that the present orbit of CSES can cross quite close to the SURA facility, which can insure an effective heating time from SURA so that CSES can observe the perturbations at the topside ionosphere excited by SURA in the near region. The detection of plasma disturbances on June 12 with under-dense heating mode in local nighttime provides evidence for likely success of future related experiments between CSES and SURA,or with other HF facilities.展开更多
Schumann resonance (SR) is an electromag- netic resonance phenomenon in the Earth-ionosphere cavity exited by global lightning activities when the wavelength matches the circumference of the Earth, and the lowest fo...Schumann resonance (SR) is an electromag- netic resonance phenomenon in the Earth-ionosphere cavity exited by global lightning activities when the wavelength matches the circumference of the Earth, and the lowest four peak frequencies of SR are about 8, 14, 20, and 26 Hz. This article presents the new observational data of SR in China. The observations of two horizontal mag- netic components (BNs and BEw) in the frequency band range of 3-29 Hz at Yongsheng observatory (26.7°N, 100.8°E) in southwestern China were mainly analyzed. It is found that the SR amplitudes at peak frequencies in BNs and BEw components all showed diurnal and seasonal variations, and that the SR amplitude in BNS component is always higher than that in BEw component. Diurnal vari- ation of SR amplitude around equinoxes and solstices inBNs component is related to active intervals of three global thunderstorm centers, while SR amplitude in BEw com- ponent is the most significant at around 16 LT, corre- sponding to Asian center. SR amplitudes both in BNs and BEw components increase in the rainy season from May to September. In addition, the SR anomalies in association with the 2011 Japan earthquake are exhibited. The anom- alous effect was characterized by an increase in amplitude at the lowest four SR modes beginning at 4 days before this earthquake. Upon analyzing the wave interference between the direct wave and disturbed wave scattered by localized modification of lower ionosphere over the epicenter, Asian and African thunderstorm centers are found to contribute to anomalous effect observed at Yongsheng station. Modeling results of SR regular and disturbed spectra at different local times led to the similar conclusion.展开更多
To predict the subcellular location of ascorbate peroxidase 1 ( APX1 ) protein in Arabidopsis thaliana, a plasmid expressing APXl-enbance green fluores- cent protein (EGFP) fusion protein was constructed, transfor...To predict the subcellular location of ascorbate peroxidase 1 ( APX1 ) protein in Arabidopsis thaliana, a plasmid expressing APXl-enbance green fluores- cent protein (EGFP) fusion protein was constructed, transformed into Agrobacterium tumefaciens GV3101, and transiently expressed in tobacco leaves. The localization of APX1 protein in the cells was determined by detecting the distribution of the fusion protein in tobacco epidermal cells. The results showed APX1 protein was mainly distributed in the cytoplasm of the plant.展开更多
Gaze orientation induces activation of relevant brain regions, presents differences in specificity and time course, and is exhibited in patients with brain injury. However, the components of activated event-related po...Gaze orientation induces activation of relevant brain regions, presents differences in specificity and time course, and is exhibited in patients with brain injury. However, the components of activated event-related potential remain controversial. Previous studies of behavior and cognitive neuroscience related to gaze orientation investigated conscious attention of visual orientation. The present study explored gaze orientation processing-induced event-related potential components and changes with time using reflective orientation of visual attention under a reflective attention cue paradigm. Visual attention processing of gaze orientation was recorded using event-related potential and electroencephalographic recording. Results demonstrated that the reflective attention cue task evoked early directing attention negativity and anterior directing attention negativity, but did not trigger late directing attention positivity. These results suggest that reflective attention occurs over a short time of visual stimulus presentation. During the early stage of attention processing, early directing attention negativity and anterior directing attention negativity were detected, but late directing attention positivity did not occur. These results confirmed reflectivity and time-course superiority of gaze orientation attention processing.展开更多
基金funded by National Natural Sci-ence Foundation of China(82027802,82102220)Re-search Funding on Translational Medicine from Bei-jing Municipal Science and Technology Commission(Z221100007422023)+5 种基金Beijing Hospitals Authority Clin-ical Medicine Development of Special Funding Support(YGLX202325)Non-profit Central Research Institute Fund of Chinese Academy of Medical(2023-JKCS-09)Beijing Association for Science and Technology Youth Talent Support Program(BYESS2022081)Beijing Mu-nicipal Natural Science Foundation(7244510)Science and Technology Innovation Service Capacity Building Project of Beijing Municipal Education Commission(11000023T000002157177)Outstanding Young Talents Program of Capital Medical University(B2305).
文摘Venous sinus stent implantation is an emerging endovascular treatment technique effectively applied in diseases such as cerebral venous sinus throm-bosis.However,arterial stents are commonly used in clinical practice for venous sinus stent implantation,which is off-label and carries high risks and poor prog-nosis,highlighting the necessity of developing venous sinus-specific stents.This narrative review discusses the current situation and problems of venous sinus stent implantation and looks forward to the design focus and future development prospects of venous sinus-specific stents.
基金funded by National Key Technology R&D Program in the 11th Five Year Plan of China (2008BAC35B00)the international cooperation project(2009DFA21480)
文摘Based on the case studies and statistical analysis of earthquake-related ionospheric disturbances mainly from DEMETER satellite, ground-based GPS and ionosounding data, this paper summarizes the statisw tical characteristics of earthquake-related ionospheric disturbances, including electromagnetic emissions, plasma perturbations and variation of energetic particle flux. According to the main results done by Chinese scientists, fusing with the existed study from global researches, seismo-ionospheric disturbances usually occurred a few days or hours before earthquake occurrence. Paralleling to these case studies, lithosphere-atmosphere-ionosphere (LAI) coupling mechanisms are checked and optimized. A thermo-electric model was proposed to explain the seismo-electromagnetic effects before earthquakes. A propagation model was put forward to explain the electromagnetic waves into the ionosphere. According to the requirement of earthquake prediction research, China seismo-electromagnetic satellite, the first space-based platform of Chinese earthquake stereoscopic observation system, is proposed and planned to launch at about the end of 2014. It focuses on checking the LAI model and distinguishing earthquake-related ionospheric disturbance. The preliminary design for the satellite will adopt CAST-2000 platform with eight payloads onboard. It is believed that the satellite will work together with the ground monitoring network to improve the capability to capture seismo-electromagnetic information, which is beneficial for earthquake monitoring and prediction researches.
基金supported by Chinese National Science and Technology Support Pro-gram (2008BAC35B01)Basic Research Project from Institute of Earthquake Science,China Earthquake Ad-ministration (02092408)
文摘The factors affecting the reflection and transmission coefficient of the ionosphere have been analyzed.These factors include wave frequency,incident angle,geomagnetic inclination,electron density and collision frequency in the ionosphere.The ionosphere refractive index is also analyzed.The ionosphere above 70 km is considered to be homogeneous and anisotropic,and the reflection and transmission coefficient matrix is calculated using matrix method.Simultaneously the Booker quartic equation is solved to get the refractive index in the ionosphere.The results show that when the wave frequency is higher,it is easier to penetrate into the ionosphere from its bottom boundary and the propagation attenuation in the ionosphere is smaller.TE(traverse electric) wave and TM(traverse magnetic) wave can both penetrate into the ionosphere with a small incident angle,while TE wave can hardly transmit into the ionosphere when the incident angle is large.The transmission coefficient decreases as the geomagnetic inclination increases.TE and TM wave cannot penetrate into the ionosphere at magnetic equator.When the electron collision frequency is higher,it is easier for VLF wave to penetrate into the ionosphere and the attenuation of ordinary wave is weaker,which may be caused by the energy transportation between the waves and the particles.The ordinary(O) wave experiences severer attenuation than extraordinary(X) wave,and X wave is a penetration mode whereas O wave is a non-penetration mode in the ionosphere.All the results indicate that VLF wave with higher frequency is easier to penetrate into the ionosphere and to be recorded by the satellites at high latitude.It is hard for ULF and the lower frequency VLF wave to transmit into the ionosphere directly for the severe reflection and attenuation.It may transmit into the ionosphere with a small incident angle due to the nonlinear effect,for example,the interaction between the waves and the particles or cross modulation,and then propagate along the whistle duct with small attenuation.This work may be a preliminary theoretical exploration for the future calculation on the response of ground based VLF artificial transmitter in the ionosphere and further study on the seismic ionosphere coupling model.
文摘1.Introduction The China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite (CSES), which is also called ZhangHeng-1 (ZH-1), is the first Chinese space-borne platform dedicated to geophysical field measurement andearthquake monitoring by detecting variations in the electromagnetic environment of space. The CSES was launched successfully at15:51 on February 2, 2018, at China’s Jiuquan Satellite Launching Center.
基金supported by the International Science and Technology Cooperation Program of China(2010DFB20190)the Key Project of Earthquake Science(201008007)
文摘In this paper, the progress and development on remote sensing technology applied in earthquake monitoring research are summarized, such as differential interference synthetic aperture radar (D-InSAR), infrared remote sensing, and seismo-ionospheric detecting. Many new monitoring data in this domain have been used, and new data processing methods have been developed to obtain high-precision images about crustal deformation, outgoing longwave radiation (OLR), surface latent heat flux (SLHF), and ionospheric parameters. The development in monitoring technology and data processing technique largely enriches earthquake research information and provides new tools for earthquake stereoscope monitoring system, especially on the space part. Finally, new developing trend in this area was introduced, and some key problems in future work were pointed out.
基金supported by the Civil Space Research project (ZH1 data validation: Ionospheric observatory theory)NFSC grant 41574139 and 41874174
文摘The China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite, launched into orbit from Jiuquan Satellite Launch Centre on February 2 nd, 2018, is China's first space satellite dedicated to geophysical exporation. The satellite carries eight scientific payloads including high-precision magnetometers to detect electromagnetic changes in space, in particular changes associated with global earthquake disasters. In order to encourage and facilitate use by geophysical scientists of data from the satellite's payloads, this paper introduces the application systems developed for the China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite by the Institute of Crustal Dynamics, China Earthquake Administration;these include platform construction, data classification, data storage, data format, and data access and acquisition.
基金supported by the State Key R&D Project (Grant No. 2016YFE0122200)the Civil Aerospace Scientific Research Project “Data calibration and validation for CSES, ”the Central-Level Public Welfare Research Projects of the Institute of Crustal Dynamics Institute, China Earthquake Administration (Grant No. ZDJ2017-21)
文摘Four levels of the data from the search coil magnetometer(SCM) onboard the China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite(CSES)are defined and described. The data in different levels all contain three components of the waveform and/or spectrum of the induced magnetic field around the orbit in the frequency range of 10 Hz to 20 kHz; these are divided into an ultra-low-frequency band(ULF,10–200 Hz), an extremely low frequency band(ELF, 200–2200 Hz), and a very low frequency band(VLF, 1.8–20 kHz). Examples of data products for Level-2, Level-3, and Level-4 are presented. The initial results obtained in the commission test phase demonstrated that the SCM was in a normal operational status and that the data are of high enough quality to reliably capture most space weather events related to low-frequency geomagnetic disturbances.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41404058)Beijing Natural Science Foundation (8184091)
文摘The Langmuir Probe(LAP), onboard the China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite(CSES), has been designed for in situ measurements of bulk parameters of the ionosphere plasma, the first Chinese application of in-situ measurement technology in the field of space exploration. The two main parameters measured by LAP are electron density and temperature. In this paper, a brief description of the LAP and its work mode are provided. Based on characteristics of the LAP, and assuming an ideal plasma environment, we introduce in detail a method used to invert the I-V curve; the data products that can be accessed by users are shown. Based on the LAP data available, this paper reports that events such as earthquakes and magnetic storms are preceded and followed by obvious abnormal changes. We suggest that LAP could provide a valuable data set for studies of space weather, seismic events, and the ionospheric environment.
基金supported by the pilot project of Zhejiang Province’s major agricultural technology collaborative promotion plan of China(Grant No.2018XTTGYC03)Zhejiang Province’s Basic Public Welfare Research Project of China(Grant No.LGN19H280004).
文摘Andrographis paniculata(A.paniculata)is a Chinese herbal medicine that clears away heat,reduces inflammation,protects the liver,and promotes choleretics.The WRKYs of A.paniculata are still not well characterized,although many WRKYs have been identified in various plant species.In the present study,59 A.paniculata WRKY(ApWRKY)genes were identified and renamed on the basis of their respective chromosome distribution.These ApWRKYs were divided into three groups via phylogenetic analysis according to their WRKY domains and combined with WRKY of Arabidopsis.The 59 identified ApWRKY transcription factors were nonuniformity distributed on 23 chromosomes of A.paniculata.From the structural analysis of the conserved motifs,different ApWRKYs structures showed different biological functions,and the ApWRKY transcription factor had certain species-specificity in the evolutionary process.The expression patterns of the 41 ApWRKYs were examined through quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR)in various tissues and under abiotic stresses(salt).The results showed that most of the ApWRKY had different reactions to salt treatment.In addition,the content of the four main secondary metabolites in A.paniculata leaves was determined under salt stress.The results show that under a low concentration of salt treatment,the synthesis of andrographolide can be improved.
文摘High energy particles are the main target of satellite space exploration; particle storm events are closely related to solar activity,cosmic ray distribution, and magnetic storms. The commonly seen energetic particle(electron) precipitation anomalies include mainly the inner and outer Van Allen radiation belts, the South Atlantic Anomaly, and the anomalous stripes excited by artificial electromagnetic waves. The China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite(CSES), launched in February of 2018, provides a platform for studying ionospheric particle disturbances. This paper reports the first studies of electron precipitation phenomenon based on high energy particle data from the CSES. We find that the global distribution of electron fluxes in the low energy band(0.1–3 MeV) can relatively well reflect the anomalous precipitation belt, which is consistent with results based on the DEMETER satellite, indicating that the quality of the lowenergy band payload of the CSES is good. In addition, this paper makes an in-depth study of the electron precipitation belt excited by the NWC artificial VLF electromagnetic transmitter located in Australia, which appears as a typical wisp structure on the energy spectrum. The magnetic shell parameter L corresponding to the precipitation belt ranges from 1.44 to 1.74, which is close to the L value(~1.45) of the NWC transmitter; the energy of the precipitation electrons is between 100 keV and 361.57 keV, among which the precipitation of 213.73 keV electrons is most conspicuous.
基金supported by NSFC projects (41674156, 41704156)the basic scientific foundation project of Institute of Earthquake Forecasting, CEA (2015IES0101)
文摘In June 2018, for the first time, the SURA heating facility in Russia, together with the in-orbit China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite(CSES), carried out a series of experiments in emitting high frequency(HF) O-mode radio waves to disturb the ionosphere. This paper reports data from those experiments, collected onboard CSES, including electric field, in-situ plasma parameters, and energetic particle flux. Five cases are analyzed, two cases in local daytime and three in local nighttime. We find that the pumping wave frequencies f_0 in local daytime were close to the critical frequency of the F_2 layer f_oF_2, but no pumping waves were detected by the electric field detector(EFD) on CSES even when the emitted power reached 90 MW, and no obvious plasma disturbances were observed from CSES in those two daytime cases. But on June 16, there existed a spread F phenomena when f_0 was lower than f_oF_2 at that local daytime period.During the three cases in local nighttime, the pumping waves were clearly distinguished in the HF-band electric field at the emitted frequency with the emitted power only 30 MW; the power spectrum density of the electric field was larger by an order of magnitude than the normal background, with the propagating radius exceeding 200 km. Due to the small f_oF_2 over SURA in June at that local nighttime period, f_0 in these three cases were significantly higher than f_oF_2, all belonging to under-dense heating conditions. As for the plasma parameters, only an increase of about 100 K in ion temperature was observed on June 12; in the other two cases(with one orbit without plasma data on June 17), no obvious plasma disturbances were found. This first joint SURA-CSES experiment illustrates that the present orbit of CSES can cross quite close to the SURA facility, which can insure an effective heating time from SURA so that CSES can observe the perturbations at the topside ionosphere excited by SURA in the near region. The detection of plasma disturbances on June 12 with under-dense heating mode in local nighttime provides evidence for likely success of future related experiments between CSES and SURA,or with other HF facilities.
基金supported by the Basic Research Project of Institute of Earthquake Science,CEA (2013IES0101,2010IES0202)
文摘Schumann resonance (SR) is an electromag- netic resonance phenomenon in the Earth-ionosphere cavity exited by global lightning activities when the wavelength matches the circumference of the Earth, and the lowest four peak frequencies of SR are about 8, 14, 20, and 26 Hz. This article presents the new observational data of SR in China. The observations of two horizontal mag- netic components (BNs and BEw) in the frequency band range of 3-29 Hz at Yongsheng observatory (26.7°N, 100.8°E) in southwestern China were mainly analyzed. It is found that the SR amplitudes at peak frequencies in BNs and BEw components all showed diurnal and seasonal variations, and that the SR amplitude in BNS component is always higher than that in BEw component. Diurnal vari- ation of SR amplitude around equinoxes and solstices inBNs component is related to active intervals of three global thunderstorm centers, while SR amplitude in BEw com- ponent is the most significant at around 16 LT, corre- sponding to Asian center. SR amplitudes both in BNs and BEw components increase in the rainy season from May to September. In addition, the SR anomalies in association with the 2011 Japan earthquake are exhibited. The anom- alous effect was characterized by an increase in amplitude at the lowest four SR modes beginning at 4 days before this earthquake. Upon analyzing the wave interference between the direct wave and disturbed wave scattered by localized modification of lower ionosphere over the epicenter, Asian and African thunderstorm centers are found to contribute to anomalous effect observed at Yongsheng station. Modeling results of SR regular and disturbed spectra at different local times led to the similar conclusion.
基金Supported by the Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program of Anhui Province(2016CXCYS099)
文摘To predict the subcellular location of ascorbate peroxidase 1 ( APX1 ) protein in Arabidopsis thaliana, a plasmid expressing APXl-enbance green fluores- cent protein (EGFP) fusion protein was constructed, transformed into Agrobacterium tumefaciens GV3101, and transiently expressed in tobacco leaves. The localization of APX1 protein in the cells was determined by detecting the distribution of the fusion protein in tobacco epidermal cells. The results showed APX1 protein was mainly distributed in the cytoplasm of the plant.
基金the Applied Experimental Psychology Project of Beijing Key Laboratory from 2008 to 2009, No.JD100270541the Scientific Research Foundation of Beijing Normal University, No.2009SC-3
文摘Gaze orientation induces activation of relevant brain regions, presents differences in specificity and time course, and is exhibited in patients with brain injury. However, the components of activated event-related potential remain controversial. Previous studies of behavior and cognitive neuroscience related to gaze orientation investigated conscious attention of visual orientation. The present study explored gaze orientation processing-induced event-related potential components and changes with time using reflective orientation of visual attention under a reflective attention cue paradigm. Visual attention processing of gaze orientation was recorded using event-related potential and electroencephalographic recording. Results demonstrated that the reflective attention cue task evoked early directing attention negativity and anterior directing attention negativity, but did not trigger late directing attention positivity. These results suggest that reflective attention occurs over a short time of visual stimulus presentation. During the early stage of attention processing, early directing attention negativity and anterior directing attention negativity were detected, but late directing attention positivity did not occur. These results confirmed reflectivity and time-course superiority of gaze orientation attention processing.