Microstructure and forming mechanism of metals subjected to ultrasonic vibration plastic forming: A mini review

Compared with traditional plastic forming,ultrasonic vibration plastic forming has the advantages of reducing the forming force and improving the surface quality of the workpiece.This technology has a very broad application prospect in industrial manufactur-ing.Researchers have conducted extensive research on the ultrasonic vibration plastic forming of metals and laid a deep foundation for the development of this field.In this review,metals were classified according to their crystal structures.The effects of ultrasonic vibration on the microstructure of face-centered cubic,body-centered cubic,and hexagonal close-packed metals during plastic forming and the mech-anism underlying ultrasonic vibration forming were reviewed.The main challenges and future research direction of the ultrasonic vibra-tion plastic forming of metals were also discussed.

Designing simple non-fused terthiophene-based electron acceptors for efficient organic solar cells

Low-cost photovoltaic materials are essential for realizing large-scale commercial applications of organic solar cells(OSCs).However,highly efficient OSCs based on low-cost photovoltaic materials are scarce due to a deficiency in understanding the structure-property relationship.Herein,we investigated two low-cost terthiophene-based electron acceptors,namely,3TC8 and 3TEH,with 3,4-bis(octan-3-yloxy)thiophene,differing only in the alkylated thiophene-bridges.Both acceptors exhibit low optical gaps(∼1.43 eV)and possess deep highest occupied molecular orbital(HOMO)levels(∼−5.8 eV).Notably,the single-crystal structure of 3TEH demonstrates highly planar conjugated backbone and strongπ-πstacking between intermolecular terminal groups,attributed to the presence of the bulky alkylated noncovalently conformational locks.Upon utilizing both acceptors to fabricate OSCs,the 3TC8-based device exhibited a power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 11.1%,while the 3TEH-based OSC demonstrated an excellent PCE of 14.4%.This PCE is the highest among OSCs based on terthiophene-containing electron acceptors.These results offer a new strategy for designing low-cost electron acceptors for highly efficient OSCs.

海藻酸钠复合水凝胶的制备及在中药挥发油缓释领域的应用进展

海藻酸钠由于来源广泛、价格低廉,分子中含有大量的羧基、羟基,在较为温和的环境中,能够迅速地构成三维网状结构的水凝胶而受到了人们的广泛关注,但单一的海藻酸钠水凝胶力学性能和力学强度较差。当与其他物质形成复合水凝胶后则因其优异的生物相容性、生物降解性和pH敏感性被广泛应用于敏感药物的缓控释领域。文中主要介绍了海藻酸钠复合水凝胶的相应制备方法和性能,以及在中药挥发油缓释领域的应用进展,同时指出了海藻酸钠复合水凝胶在中药挥发油缓释领域存在的问题及未来主要的研究方向。

Molten salt synthesis,morphology modulation,and lithiation mechanism of high entropy oxide for robust lithium storage

High entropy oxides(HEOs)with ideal element tunability and enticing entropy-driven stability have exhibited unprecedented application potential in electrochemical lithium storage.However,the general control of dimension and morphology remains a major challenge.Here,scalable HEO morphology modulation is implemented through a salt-assisted strategy,which is achieved by regulating the solubility of reactants and the selective adsorption of salt ions on specific crystal planes.The electrochemical properties,lithiation mechanism,and structure evolution of composition-and morphology-dependent HEO anode are examined in detail.More importantly,the potential advantages of HEOs as electrode materials are evaluated from both theoretical and experimental aspects.Benefiting from the high oxygen vacancy concentration,narrow band gap,and structure durability induced by the multi-element synergy,HEO anode delivers desirable reversible capacity and reaction kinetics.In particular,Mg is evidenced to serve as a structural sustainer that significantly inhibits the volume expansion and retains the rock salt lattice.These new perspectives are expected to open a window of opportunity to compositionally/morphologi cally engineer high-performance HEO electrodes.

Fast estimation of distance between two hydrophones using ocean ambient noise in multi-ship scenarios

Accurately estimating the bearing of a target with two hydrophones requires knowing the precise distance between them.However,in practice,it is difficult to measure this distance accurately due to the influence of current.To solve this problem,we propose a method for extracting the time-domain Green's function between two points in multi-ship scenarios and for extracting the time-domain waveform arrival structure between two hydrophones in real-time based on long samples of ship radiation noise cross-correlation.Using the cross-correlation function of the radiated noise from any ship located in the end-fire direction of the two hydrophones,we can estimate the distance between the hydrophones in real-time.To verify the accuracy of our estimation,we compare the result of azimuth estimation with the actual azimuth based on the azimuth estimation of a cooperative sound source in the maritime environment.Our experimental results show that the proposed method correctly estimates the distance between two hydrophones that cannot be directly measured and estimates the position of a cooperative sound source 4 km away with an average deviation of less than 1.2°.

Application of Vacuum Photoelectric Detection Technology in Super-Resolution System

Due to the wave characteristics of light, diffraction occurs when the light passes through the optical system, so that the resolution of the ordinary far-field optical system is limited by the size of the Airy disk diameter. There are various factors that cause image quality degradation during system detection and imaging, such as optical system aberrations, atmospheric inter-ference, defocusing, system noise and so on. Super-resolution optical imaging technology is the most innovative breakthrough in the optical imaging and detection field in this century. It goes beyond the resolution limit of ordinary optical systems or detectors, and can get more details and information of the structure, providing unprecedented tools for various fields. Compared with ordinary optical systems, super-resolution systems have very high requirements on the signals to be detected, which cannot be met by ordinary detection techniques. Vacuum photoelectric detection and imaging technology is equipped with the characteristics of high sensitivity and fast response. It is widely used in super-resolution systems and has played a great role in super-resolution systems. In this paper, the principles and structure of the image-converter streak camera super-resolution system, scanning electron microscopy super-resolution system and laser scanning confocal super-resolution system will be sorted out separately, and the essential role of the vacuum photoelectric detection technology in the ultra-microscopic sys-tem will be analyzed.

FAT1, a direct transcriptional target of E2F1, suppresses cell proliferation, migration and invasion in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Objective: Growing evidence indicates that FAT atypical cadherin 1(FAT1) has aberrant genetic alterations and exhibits potential tumor suppressive function in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC). However, the role of FAT1 in ESCC tumorigenesis remains not well elucidated. The aim of this study was to further investigate genetic alterations and biological functions of FAT1, as well as to explore its transcriptional regulation and downstream targets in ESCC.Methods: The mutations of FAT1 in ESCC were achieved by analyzing a combined study from seven published genomic data, while the copy number variants of FAT1 were obtained from an analysis of our previous data as well as of The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA) and Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia(CCLE) databases using the cBioPortal. The transcriptional regulation of FAT1 expression was investigated by chromatin immunoprecipitation(ChIP) and the luciferase reporter assays. In-cell western, Western blot and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR) were used to assess the indicated gene expression. In addition, colony formation and Transwell migration/invasion assays were employed to test cell proliferation, migration and invasion.Finally, RNA sequencing was used to study the transcriptomes.Results: FAT1 was frequently mutated in ESCC and was deleted in multiple cancers. Furthermore, the transcription factor E2 F1 occupied the promoter region of FAT1, and depletion of E2 F1 led to a decrease in transcription activity and mRNA levels of FAT1. Moreover, we found that knockdown of FAT1 promoted KYSE30 and KYSE150 cell proliferation, migration and invasion;while overexpression of FAT1 inhibited KYSE30 and KYSE410 cell proliferation, migration and invasion. In addition, knockdown of FAT1 led to enrichment of the mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK) signaling pathway and cell adhesion process.Conclusions: Our data provided evidence for the tumor suppressive function of FAT1 in ESCC cells and elucidated the transcriptional regulation of FAT1 by E2 F1, which may facilitate the understanding of molecular mechanisms of the progression of ESCC.

Classification of dendrocola nematode-trapping fungi

Pine wilt disease,caused by Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and Bursaphelenchus mucnatus,is a serious quarantined disease.Arboreal nematode-trapping fungi of P inus spp.are effective predators on nematodes and have strong host adaptability.The development of these fungal resources may be an effective way to control pine wood nematodes.We collected 515 samples of pine wilt disease from the areas of Ninghai City(Zhejiang province),Shuangbai County(Yunnan province),and Daxing'anling(Heilongjiang province),China.Through isolation,culture and identification,6 species of nematode-trapping fungi(A rthrobotrys cladodesr,A.oligospora,A.musiformis,A.dendroides,Dactylellina ellipsospora,Monacrosporium thaumasium)were identified for predation against B.xylophilus,and 9 species(Arthrobotrys dactyloides,A.cladodes r A.oligospora A.dendroides,Dactylellina ellipsospora,Dactylella asthenopaga,D.leptospora,Arthrobotrys superba,Monacrosporium drechseri)were identified for predation against B.mucnatus.This study provides information in the classification of arboreal predator nematodes and provides an important basis for future biological control of pine wood nematodes.

“两性一度”教学要求下的物理化学综合实验教学探索——以无表面活性剂微乳的构筑及应用为例

围绕“两性一度”的教学要求,结合胶体和纳米科学的发展前沿设计了一个物理化学综合实验。该实验内容丰富、易实施,立足基础,落实高阶,重视创新和挑战,是对理论课程的有力支撑。项目的实施可激发学生对物理化学的学习兴趣,夯实基础,提高对知识的理解和综合运用能力,开阔科学视野,培养创新能力、探索精神和环保意识。

First report of leaf-spot disease caused by Sphaeropsis visci on Asian mistletoe [Viscum coloratum (Kom.) Nakai] in China

In January 2017, symptoms of a leaf-spot disease were observed on Viscum coloratum plants in Yichun,China. The infected leaves were chlorotic, while sunken lesions formed on diseased branches, which were initially light brown and later turned dark brown. Moreover, diseased branches and leaves formed semi-buried, small, and spherical pycnidia. In total, 20 leaves and 19 branches diseased samples from Yichun, China were collected and examined. The fungus was isolated and identified using Koch’s postulates, morphological characteristics and DNA sequence data. The data presented herein confirmed that the pathogen responsible for the disease was Sphaeropsis visci. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of it in China.

面向化妆品产业升级的江南大学应用化学专业建设思考与实践

基于化妆品产业发展前景和江南大学轻工特色优势、应用化学专业基础,通过教育部新工科项目"地方(行业)高校化学类专业应对产业变化升级改造的研究与实践"实施,对应用化学专业进行了系统性的升级改造。在调研分析的基础上,首先更新了专业定位和培养目标,进而确定课程体系、加强课程建设,以实现特色更鲜明、基础更扎实、素质更全面。针对新工科对人才培养的新要求,在多学科融合、多角度协同以及紧密结合产业方面形成了一些做法。从人才培养视角解决化妆品产业的发展难题,抢占科技制高点,将为人类社会进步发挥独特的作用。

能使体外培养细胞长期存活的技术

美国科学家的最新研究表明Rho激酶抑制剂（Y-27632）与纤维母细胞饲养细胞合用能够诱导许多组织的正常上皮细胞以及肿瘤上皮细胞在体外无限增值,而不需要转导外源性病毒或细胞基因.例如原始前列腺和乳腺细胞重编程为基底细胞样干细胞样表型并在基底膜中形成有序的前列腺球和乳腺球.相较于筛选稀少的干细胞样细胞,在所述的生长条件下能够在活检组织获取后的5 d～6 d内产生2×106个细胞,能够从冷冻组织少于4个活细胞培养起来.持续的细胞增殖依赖于纤维母细胞饲养细胞和Y-27632两者,进行有条件重组的细胞（CRCs）保持了正常的核型和非致瘤性.该技术也能够有效建立人和啮齿类动物肿瘤细胞的培养系.例如,从人前列腺癌建立的CRCs表现出第13号染色体的不稳定性,在基底膜中的异常增殖以及在有严重合并免疫缺陷的老鼠中形成肿瘤.这种从少量活检样本和冷冻组织迅速产生许多肿瘤细胞的能力为基于细胞的诊断和治疗（包括测试化学敏感性）提供了很大机会并大大提高了生物银行的价值.另外,CRC方法能够对取自体内的上皮细胞进行遗传操作以及随后的自体体内评估.

Growth and decline of arboreal fungi that prey on Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and their predation rate

Pine wilt disease caused by pine wood nema-todes is a deadly disease of the genus Pinus requiring strong quarantine measures.Since its discovery,it has been widely distributed throughout the world.China is one of the coun-tries with a severe rate of infections due to its abundant pine resources.In this study,nematode-trapping fungi were collected from pine trees in Ninghai City,Zhejiang Prov-ince,which is the key area of pine wilt control in Febru-ary,May,September,October and November.The results showed that nematode-trapping fungi of pine are abundant,especially the number and species detected in each month and are quite different;species of fungi in July,Septem-ber and November were more numerous and had higher separation rates.The dominant species in November was Arthrobotrys oligospora followed by Arthrobotrys cladodes;July and September it was A.cladodes.In each part of the tree,A.cladodes was the most widely distributed with a high separation rate.Therefore,it is the dominant fungal species in the area.Arboreal Bursaphelenchus xylophilus-trapping fungi are dependent on pine wood nematodes,and none were isolated from healthy pine trees.More arboreal B.xylophilus-trapping fungi were found under the bark than in the xylem.There is a close relationship between arboreal B.xylophilus-trapping fungi and pine wood nematodes.How to make use of these resources to reduce the damage of pine wood nematode fusarium is the focus of future research.

LF-CNN:Deep Learning-Guided Small Sample Target Detection for Remote Sensing Classification

Target detection of small samples with a complex background is always difficult in the classification of remote sensing images.We propose a new small sample target detection method combining local features and a convolutional neural network(LF-CNN)with the aim of detecting small numbers of unevenly distributed ground object targets in remote sensing images.The k-nearest neighbor method is used to construct the local neighborhood of each point and the local neighborhoods of the features are extracted one by one from the convolution layer.All the local features are aggregated by maximum pooling to obtain global feature representation.The classification probability of each category is then calculated and classified using the scaled expected linear units function and the full connection layer.The experimental results show that the proposed LF-CNN method has a high accuracy of target detection and classification for hyperspectral imager remote sensing data under the condition of small samples.Despite drawbacks in both time and complexity,the proposed LF-CNN method can more effectively integrate the local features of ground object samples and improve the accuracy of target identification and detection in small samples of remote sensing images than traditional target detection methods.

Secure Multi-keyword Search Supporting Dynamic Update and Ranked Retrieval

As cloud computing is becoming prevalent, data owners are motivated to delegate complex data managements to the commercial cloud for economic savings. Sensitive data is usually encrypted before being uploaded to the cloud, which unfortunately makes the frequently-used search function a challenging problem. In this paper, we present a new multi-keyword dynamic search scheme with result ranking to make search over encrypted data more secure and practical. In the scheme, we employ a powerful function-hiding inner product encryption to enhance the security by preventing the leakage of search pattern. For the concern of efficiency, we adopt a tree-based index structure to facilitate the searching process and updating operations. A comprehensive security analysis is provided and experiments over the real world data show that our scheme is efficient.

Molecular Markers of Fat and Inosinic Acid Content in Sheep Muscle and Application

This study was conducted to speed up the process of improving the quality of lamb breeds in China,and to solve the problems that restrict the development of lamb breeds in China,such as low quality of lamb breeds,low meat production rate,and poor meat quality.By studying molecular markers of fat content in sheep muscles,we searched for polymorphic loci related to fat content in sheep muscles on the ANGPTL4 gene.Among the 9 polymorphic loci retrieved,ANGPTL4 was found.Two polymorphic sites,C724 A and A601 G,were significantly associated with intramuscular fat in mutton.In summary,these two molecular markers can be used as a molecular marker reference when breeding high-quality meat or hair and meat using German Merino sheep breeds.

Study on the Relationship Between CAPN Gene Peptide and Fat Content in Sheep Muscle

[Objectives] This study was conducted to speed up the process of improving the quality of lamb breeds in China,and to solve the problems that restrict the development of lamb breeds in China,such as low quality of lamb breeds,low meat production rate,and poor meat quality. [Methods]By studying molecular markers of fat content in sheep muscle,the CAPN gene was used to find polymorphic sites related to fat content in sheep muscle,and the correlation between two polymorphic sites C724 A and A601G on CAPN1 and CAPN2 and fat content in sheep muscle was analyzed. [Results] The two polymorphic sites,C724 A on CAPN1 and A601G on CAPN2 were significantly related to intramuscular fat in mutton. [Conclusions] These two molecular markers can be used as a molecular marker reference when breeding high-quality meat or hair and meat using German Merino sheep breeds.

Dynamic optimization analysis of hydraulic pipeline system based on a developed response surface method

When designing a complex pipeline with long distance and multi-supports for offshore platform,it is necessary to analyze the vibration characteristics of the complex pipeline system to ensure that there is no harmful resonance in the working conditions.Therefore,the optimal layout of support is an effective method to reduce the vibration response of hydraulic pipeline system.In this paper,a developed dynamic optimization method for the complex pipeline is proposed to investigate the vibration characteristics of complex pipeline with multi-elastic supports.In this method,the Kriging response surface model between the support position and pipeline is established.The position of the clamp in the model is parameterized and the optimal solution of performance index is obtained by genetic algorithm.The number of clamps and the interval between clamps are considered as the constraints of layout optimization,and the optimization objective is the natural frequencies of pipeline.Taking a typical offshore pipeline as example to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method,the results show that the vibration performance of the hydraulic pipeline system is distinctly improved by the optimization procedure,which can provide reasonable guidance for the design of complex hydraulic pipeline system.

Photonic properties and applications of multi-functional organo-lanthanide complexes:Recent advances

Lanthanides(Ln(Ⅲ))based compounds as light-emitting materials have emerged as successful agents in high-performance defense and lighting systems,magnets,bio-markers,and circuitry.Therefore,they have recently gained much attention as energy-saving and cost-effective luminescent materials and their applications in analyte detection.The present review summarizes powerful features and recent developments of organo-lanthanide complexes in lighting applications with a particular focus on visible light emitters,including Eu(Ⅲ),Tb(Ⅲ),Sm(Ⅲ),and Dy(Ⅲ)ions.In addition,this review discusses the most relevant aspects of photosensitization,such as the structure,property,functionalization of primary and secondary ligands,and molecular geometry.In addition,coordination sites of organo-lanthanide complexes and their applications collectively contribute to the improved performance of innovative luminescent materials.Finally,the current challenges and key recommendations for advancing organolanthanides in material science are provided.

钠离子电池层状氧化物正极材料的耐高电压性能

钠离子电池具有资源和成本的优势而在大规模储能和低速电动车领域展现出极大的应用前景。其中,层状氧化物正极材料由于其理论容量高且易于合成等受到了广泛研究。然而,层状氧化物正极材料在循环过程中,尤其是高电压情况下容易出现结构不稳定和表面退化等现象,造成电池性能衰退,阻碍了其商业应用。基于此,本文综述了层状氧化物正极材料在高电压下的结构转变、表面退化以及氧损失等机制,分析和探讨了提高层状氧化物正极材料耐高电压性能的策略,以期为具有耐高电压性能的钠离子电池层状氧化物正极材料的设计开发提供参考;最后总结了钠离子电池层状氧化物正极材料在改性方面存在的不足及未来的研究方向。