Comparative proteomic analysis of cucumber powdery mildew resistance between a singlesegment substitution line and its recurrent parent

Powdery mildew(PM)is considered a major cause of yield losses and reduced quality in cucumber worldwide,but the molecular basis of PM resistance remains poorly understood.A segment substitution line,namely,SSL508-28,was developed with dominant PM resistance in the genetic background of PM-susceptible cucumber inbred line D8.The substituted segment contains 860 genes.An iTRAQ-based comparative proteomic technology was used to map the proteomes of PM-inoculated and untreated(control)D8 and SSL508-28.The number of differentially regulated proteins(DRPs)in SSL508-28 was almost three times higher than that in D8.Fourteen DRPs were located in the substituted segment interval.Comparative gene expression analysis revealed that nodulin-related protein 1(NRP1)may be a good candidate for PM resistance.Gene Ontology enrichment analysis showed that DRPs functioning in tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process,sulfur metabolic process and cell redox homeostasis were specifically enriched in the resistant line SSL508-28.DRPs categorized in the KEGG term photosynthesis increased in both lines upon PM infection,suggesting that the strategies used by cucumber may be different from those used by other crops to react to PM attacks at the initial stage.The measurement of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion production and net photosynthetic rate were consistent with the changes in protein abundance,suggesting that the proteomic results were reliable.There was a poor correlation between DRPs measured by iTRAQ and the corresponding gene expression changes measured by RNA-seq with the same experimental design.Taken together,these findings improve the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the response of cucumber to PM infection.

A Preliminary Study on Application Effect of Intelligent Insect Sexual Attraction Monitoring System

[Objectives]The paper was to verify and explore the application effect of intelligent insect sexual attraction monitoring system.[Methods]The data of Helicoverpa armigera and Spodoptera frugiperda monitored by intelligent insect sexual attraction monitoring system,manual survey and traditional pest monitoring tool were compared and analyzed,and the application effect of guiding field pest control was investigated.[Results]The statistical data of intelligent insect sexual attraction monitoring system were highly consistent with that of manual survey,and were consistent with that of traditional pest monitoring tool,which had good effect in guiding field control.[Conclusions]The monitoring data of intelligent insect sexual attraction monitoring system are accurate,efficient,real-time and practical.It can solve the problem of high monitoring intensity for the monitoring personnel and conform to the development direction of modern agriculture.

How Chinese EFL Learners'English Syntactic Proficiency Regresses with Time:An Empirical Study

The study conducted an empirical study to investigate how Chinese EFL learners'English syntactic proficiency regressed with time.It was indicated that:first,Chinese EFL Learners'proficiency levels prior to attrition(PLPAs)were inversely correlated with the degree of attrition.Simply put,learners with higher syntactic proficiency level will suffer less attrition even if the target structures were not used or rehearsed for more than two years.Second,a critical threshold,which roughly equaled to CET-4 level,was proved to exist in the processing of attrition.Chinese EFL Learners above the critical threshold had a significantly better retention than those below this threshold.

A single-nucleotide substitution in the leucinerich-repeat-only gene CsLRR1 confers powdery mildew resistance in cucumber

Dear Editor,A variant with single substitution in the LRR-only protein CsLRR1,which regulates cucumber resistance to powdery mildew through a salicylic-acid-mediated pathway,provides a major source of resistance for cucumber breeding.Cucumber powdery mildew(PM),mainly caused by the biotrophic pathogen Podosphaera xanthii(synonym Podosphaera fusca),poses a serious threat to cucumber crops globally,leading to substantial reductions in fruit yield and quality(Martinez-Cruz et al.,2017).

染色质调节元件与不同启动子的相互作用对基因表达调控的影响

为探究DNA序列元件对不同启动子调节转基因稳定表达的影响,利用遍在染色质开放元件(Ubiquitous chromatin opening elements,UCOE)和基质黏附序列(Scaffold/matrix-attachment regions,MAR)分别与含增强子的oct4基因启动子、含CpG岛的sox2基因启动子和不含调控元件的nanog基因启动子以及同时包含增强子和CpG岛的CMV启动子组合构建pOCT4-MAR、pOCT4-UCOE、pSOX2-MAR、pSOX2-UCOE、pNANOG-MAR、pNANOG-UCOE、pCMV-UCOE、pCMV-MAR等质粒,分析这些质粒稳定转染后的表达量和嵌合表达差异。结果发现,UCOE与含增强子元件的oct4启动子组合能较稳定高效表达,而MAR与含CpG岛的sox2启动子组合能较稳定高效表达。利用排除位置效应原因的嵌合表达对染色质高级结构调控基因表达的稳定性分析表明:(1)通常情况下UCOE比MAR调节的表达载体的表达更高效和更稳定;UCOE连接含CpG岛的启动子形成开放染色质调节的高表达更稳定;(2)MAR与启动子上TATA盒或增强子可能通过染色质环产生高表达,但相对不稳定。结论:染色质调节元件UCOE和MAR与启动子调控元件之间能通过染色质开放状态或染色质环调控基因稳定表达。

Synthesis of Open-Cage Fullerene Derivatives Containing Multiple Hydroxyl and Amino Groups on the Rim of the Orifice

Most of the known open-cage fullerene derivatives contain carbonyl and other relatively inert groups on the rim of the orifice.It is difficult to rationally design further reactions and attach other functional groups on to these open-cage derivatives.In the present work,two molecules of difunctional 1,4-benzenediamine have been incorporated into the rim of an open-cage C60 derivative through one amino group leaving the other amino group free for further functionalization.The difunctional 4-aminophenol reacted analogously to form an open-cage derivative with a free OH group each on the two phenyl rings.The amino and hydroxyl groups on the phenyl ring above the rim of the orifice showed similar reactivity as aniline and phenol.One of the carbonyl groups on the rim of the orifice could be selectively reduced by NaBH4 and P(OEt)3.The reduction reactions were reversible and the reduced products could be readily converted back to the carbonyl precursor.Thus,this redox process acts as a tool to fine tune the size of the orifice for host-guest studies.

Thymic Nurse Cells Support CD4CD8^+ Thymocytes to Differentiate into CD4^+CD8^+ Cells

Thymic nurse cells （TNCs） represent a unique microenvironment in the thymus for T cell maturation. In order to investigate the role of thymic nurse cells during T cell differentiation, a TNC clone, RWTE-1, which formed a typical complex with fetal thymocytes in vitro was established from normal Wistar rat. Hanging drop culture method was applied to reveal the interaction between TNCs and thymocytes. Our result revealed that eighty percent of immature CD4^-CD8^＋ cells differentiated into CD4^＋CD8^＋ cells after a 12-hour hanging drop culture with RWTE-1. However, in a 12-hour culture of immature CD4^-CD8^＋ cells with or without RWTE-1 supernatant, only 30% of the cells differentiated into CD4^＋CD8^＋ cells spontaneously. This observation led to the conclusion that RWTE-1 cell has the capacity to facilitate immature CD4^-CD8^＋ thymocytes to differentiate into CD4^＋CD8^＋ T cells by direct interaction.

Synergistic inhibition of SCR1- and ERBB2-driven brain metastatic breast cancer cells

Aim: Metastasis to the brain has become a major limitation to the life expectancy and quality of life for many patients with breast cancer. Unfortunately, other than radiation and palliative treatments with trastuzumab, and pertuzumab, no effective therapy for brain metastases is currently available. This study seeks to identify novel gene targets and pharmaceutical Intervention against breast cancer brain metastasis. Methods: The detailed methods applied to this study, including comparative RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis of sequence data, ingenuity pathway analysis, protein-protein interaction analysis, high throughput screening of clinical and pre-clinical drugs, cell viability and proliferation assay, toxicity and apoptosis assay using fluorescence-activated cell sorting, real-time PCR, western blotting, statistical analysis of data. Results: The study reveals critical roles for SRC, ERBB2, PIK3CA, and GABA in the proliferation and survival of breast cancer brain metastatic (BBM) cells and showed that SRC- and ERBB2-mediated activation of PIK3-AKT/mTOR signaling regulates BBM cell survival. Selective inhibition of these candidate genes alone or in combination induces robust apoptosis in BBM cells Conclusion: The findings of this study provide a rationale for further preclinical evaluation of SRC-targeting regimens in combination with ERBB2 inhibitors and/or GABA agonists to target breast cancer brain metastasis.

Nanofluidic osmotic power generation from CO_(2) with cellulose membranes

The diffusion of chemical species down concentration gradient is a ubiquitous phenomenon that releases Gibbs free energy.Nanofluidic materials have shown great promise in harvesting the energy from ionic diffusion via the reverse electrodialysis process.In principle,any chemicals that can be converted to ions can be used for nanofluidic power generation.In this work,we demonstrate the power generation from the diffusion of CO_(2) into air using nanofluidic cellulose membranes.By dissolving CO_(2) in water,a power density of 87 mW/m^(2) can be achieved.Using monoethanolamine solutions to dissolve CO_(2),the power density can be increased to 2.6 W/m^(2).We further demonstrate that the waste heat released in industrial and carbon capture processes,can be simultaneously harvested with our nanofluidic membranes,increasing the power density up to 16 W/m^(2) under a temperature difference of 30°C.Therefore,our work should expand the application scope of nanofluidic osmotic power generation and contribute to carbon utilization and capture technologies.