Background:The trade-off between the benefits of regular physical activity(PA)and the potentially detrimental effects of augmented exposure to air pollution in highly polluted regions remains unclear.This study aimed ...Background:The trade-off between the benefits of regular physical activity(PA)and the potentially detrimental effects of augmented exposure to air pollution in highly polluted regions remains unclear.This study aimed to examine whether ambient fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))exposure modified the impacts of PA volume and intensity on hypertension risk.Methods:We included 54,797 participants without hypertension at baseline in a nationwide cohort of the Prediction for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk in China(China-PAR)project.PA volume and intensitywere assessed by questionnaire,and high-resolution(1 km×1 km)PM_(2.5)estimates were generated using a satellite-based model.Results:During 413,516 person-years of follow-up,12,100 incident hypertension cases were identified.PM_(2.5)significantly modified the relationship between PA and hypertension incidence(p_(interaction)<0.001).Increased PA volume was negatively associated with incident hypertension in the low PM_(2.5)stratum(<59.8μg/m^(3),ptrend<0.001),with a hazard ratio of 0.81(95%confidence interval(95%CI):0.74-0.88)when comparing the fourth with the first quartile of PA volume.However,the health benefits were not observed in the high PM_(2.5)stratum(≥59.8μg/m^(3),p_(trend)=0.370).Moreover,compared with light PA intensity,vigorous intensity was related to a 20%(95%CI:9%-29%)decreased risk of hypertension for participants exposed to low PM_(2.5),but a 17%(95%CI:4%-33%)increased risk for those with high PM_(2.5)levels.Conclusion:PA was associated with a reduced risk of hypertension only among participants with low PM_(2.5)exposure.Our findings recommended regular PA to prevent hypertension in less polluted regions and reinforced the importance of air quality improvement.展开更多
Background:Inconsistent results have been reported in developed countries for relationships between sedentary behavior and cancer incidence and mortality,and evidence from the Chinese population is scarce.This study a...Background:Inconsistent results have been reported in developed countries for relationships between sedentary behavior and cancer incidence and mortality,and evidence from the Chinese population is scarce.This study aimed to investigate such relationships in large Chinese population-based prospective cohorts and to explore the joint effect and interaction of sedentary behavior and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA)on these relationships.Methods:We included 95,319 Chinese adults without cancer from 3 large cohorts and assessed their sedentary behavior and physical activity with a unified questionnaire.Cancer incidence and mortality were confirmed by interviewing participants or their proxies and checking hospital records and death certificates.Hazard ratios(HRs)and 95%confidence intervals(95%CIs)for cancer and mortality were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression models.Results:During 559,002 person-years of follow-up,2388 cancer events,1571 cancer deaths,and 4562 all-cause deaths were recorded.Sedentary behavior was associated with increased risk of developing cancer and deaths in a doseresponse manner.The multivariable-adjusted HRs(95%CIs)were the following:HR=1.16,95%CI:1.01-1.33;HR=1.24,95%CI:1.04-1.48;and HR=1.15,95%CI:1.04-1.28 for cancer incidence,cancer mortality,and all-cause mortality,respectively,for those having≥10 h/day of sedentary time compared with those having<6 h/day of sedentary time.Sedentary populations(≥10 h/day)developed cancer or died 4.09 years and 2.79 years earlier,respectively,at the index age of 50 years.Failure to achieve the recommended level of MVPA may further aggravate the adverse associations,with the highest cancer and mortality risks being observed among participants with both≥10 h/day of sedentary time and<150 min/week of MVPA.Limitations of this study include the fact that physical activity information was obtained via questionnaire instead of objective measurement and that there were insufficient incident cases for the analysis of associations between sedentary behavior and site-specific cancers.Conclusion:Sedentary behavior was associated with an increased risk of cancer and all-cause mortality among Chinese adults,especially for those with≥10 h/day of sedentary time.It is necessary to reduce sedentary time,in addition to increasing MVPA levels,for the prevention of cancer and premature death.展开更多
Objective Studies of the association of hypertension with long-term exposure to particulate matter less than 2.5μm in diameter(PM2.5)have shown contradictory results and the magnitude of the association is still uncl...Objective Studies of the association of hypertension with long-term exposure to particulate matter less than 2.5μm in diameter(PM2.5)have shown contradictory results and the magnitude of the association is still unclear.Hence,we conducted a meta-analysis of cohort studies to assess the effect of long-term exposure to PM2.5 on incident hypertension.展开更多
JF305 is a highly prolific pancreatic cancer cell line that originated from a Chinese patient. The cell line bears a functional HR double strand DNA repair mechanism but very responsive to PARP treatment a phenomenon ...JF305 is a highly prolific pancreatic cancer cell line that originated from a Chinese patient. The cell line bears a functional HR double strand DNA repair mechanism but very responsive to PARP treatment a phenomenon clearly suggesting presence of an anomaly in the mechanism. Brca1, Brca2 and CHK2 proteins are very important constituents of the HR mechanism whose respective gene coding mutations are strongly associated with several cancers and are widely exploited in anticancer chemotherapy. In this current study, the BRCA1, BRCA2 gene mutation status in JF305 was determined together with the presence of 3 widely reported cancer linked CHK2 founder mutations (1100delC, I157T, IVS2 +IG > A). CHK21100delC genotype was determined using allele specific PCR, while the PCR-RFLP assay was used for I157T, IVS2 +IG > A analysis. PCR and direct sequencing were used for assessing the BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene. Results revealed that JF305 is CHK21100delC heterozygous mutant, CHK2I157T and CHK2IVS2 +IG > A wild type. Furthermore, it was observed that JF305 lacked BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations. The mutation status identification of CHK2 and BRCA1/2 in JF305 provides a major milestone towards elucidating the properties of the cell line which subsequently promises to be an excellent model for evaluating the role of parp inhibitors in pancreatic cancer chemotherapy most especially in the respective cancer cell lines without BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations.展开更多
Existing evidence on the relationship between cardiovascular health(CVH) metrics and cardiovascular disease(CVD) was primarily derived from western populations. We aimed to evaluate the benefits of ideal CVH metrics o...Existing evidence on the relationship between cardiovascular health(CVH) metrics and cardiovascular disease(CVD) was primarily derived from western populations. We aimed to evaluate the benefits of ideal CVH metrics on preventing incident atherosclerotic CVD(ASCVD) in Chinese population. This study was conducted among 93,987 adults from the China-PAR project(Prediction for ASCVD Risk in China) who were followed up until 2015. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate the hazard ratios(HRs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals(CIs) of CVH metrics for the risk of ASCVD, including coronary heart disease(CHD), stroke and ASCVD death. We further estimated the population-attributable risk percentage(PAR%) of these metrics in relation to each outcome. We observed gradient inverse associations between the number of ideal CVH metrics and ASCVD incidence. Compared with participants having ≤2 ideal CVH metrics, the multivariable-adjusted HRs(95% CIs) of ASCVD for those with 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 ideal CVH metrics were 0.83(0.74–0.93), 0.66(0.59–0.74), 0.55(0.48–0.61), 0.44(0.38–0.50) and 0.24(0.18–0.31), respectively(P for trend <0.0001). Approximately 62.1% of total ASCVD, 38.7% of CHD, 66.4% of stroke, and 60.5% of ASCVD death were attributable to not achieving all the seven ideal CVH metrics. After adjusting effects of ideal health factors, having four ideal health behaviors could independently bring adults health benefits in preventing 17.4% of ASCVD, 18.0% of CHD, 16.7% of stroke, and 10.1% of ASCVD death. Among all the seven CVH metrics, to keep with ideal blood pressure(BP) implied the largest public health gains against various ASCVD events(PAR% between 33.0% and 47.2%), while ideal diet was the metric most difficult to be achieved in the long term. Our study indicates that the more ideal CVH metrics adults have, the less ASCVD burden there is in China. Special efforts of health education and behavior modification should be made on keeping ideal BP and dietary habits in general Chinese population to prevent the epidemic of ASCVD.展开更多
Evidence on the lifetime risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease(ASCVD) is insufficient;yet,estimating an individual's lifetime risk allows for a comprehensive assessment of ASCVD burden.We developed and v...Evidence on the lifetime risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease(ASCVD) is insufficient;yet,estimating an individual's lifetime risk allows for a comprehensive assessment of ASCVD burden.We developed and validated lifetime risk prediction equations for ASCVD using four large and ongoing prospective cohorts of Chinese,the China-PAR project(Prediction for ASCVD Risk in China).Sexspecific equations were developed using two cohorts(as the derivation cohort) of 21,320 participants.Two other independent cohorts with 14,123 and 70,838 participants were used for their external validation,respectively.We evaluated both calibration and discrimination measures for model performance.Furthermore,we estimated ASCVD-free years lost or excess absolute risk attributable to high 10-year risk(!10.0%) and/or high lifetime risk(!32.8%).After 12.3 years' follow-up of the derivation cohort,1048 ASCVD events and 1304 non-ASCVD deaths were identified.Our sex-specific equations had good internal validation,with discriminant C statistics of 0.776(95% confidence interval [CI]:0.757–0.794) and 0.801(95% CI:0.778–0.825),and calibration χ~2 of 9.2(P = 0.418) and 5.6(P = 0.777) for men and women,respectively.Good external validation was also demonstrated with predicted rates closely matched to the observed ones.Compared with men having both low 10-year and low lifetime risk,men would develop ASCVD 3.0,4.6 and 8.6 years earlier if they had high 10-year risk alone,high lifetime risk alone,or both high 10-year and high lifetime risk at the index age of 35 years,respectively.We developed wellperformed lifetime risk prediction equations that will help to identify those with the greatest potential to avert ASCVD burden after implementation of innovative clinical and public health interventions in China.展开更多
Evidence about the response patterns of fruit and vegetable consumption with the risk of cardiovascular disease(CVD)and allcause mortality was inconsistent.These associations were examined using a large-scale,populati...Evidence about the response patterns of fruit and vegetable consumption with the risk of cardiovascular disease(CVD)and allcause mortality was inconsistent.These associations were examined using a large-scale,population-based Chinese cohort comprising 100,728 participants.A food-frequency questionnaire was used to assess fruit and vegetable consumption.Outcomes were ascertained by interviewing individuals or their proxies and checking hospital records or death certificates.Cox proportional hazards regression was used to calculate hazard ratios(HRs)with 95% confidence intervals(CIs).At the 736,668 person-years of follow-up,3,677 CVD cases and 5,466 deaths were identified.The multivariable-adjusted HRs for CVD across increasing quartiles of total fruit and vegetable consumption were 1(reference),0.94(95%CI=0.85-1.04),0.89(95%CI=0.80-0.98),and 0.85(95%CI=0.77-0.95).Moreover,participants in the highest quartile displayed a 13% lower risk of all-cause mortality(HR=0.87;95%CI=0.80-0.95).A nonlinear dose-response relation was found for CVD,without additional benefits beyond a consumption of600 g d-1,whereas the all-cause mortality risk decreased along with higher consumption,with a linear trend.These associations remained significant for fruit consumption but not for vegetable consumption.Our findings indicated that greater fruit and vegetable consumption was significantly associated with a lower risk of CVD and all-cause mortality.Increasing fruit and vegetable consumption,especially fruit,in the general population would prevent CVD and premature mortality.展开更多
Eggs are nutrient-dense while also loaded with abundant cholesterol, thus making the public hesitant about their consumption.We conducted the study to investigate if egg consumption is associated with incident cardiov...Eggs are nutrient-dense while also loaded with abundant cholesterol, thus making the public hesitant about their consumption.We conducted the study to investigate if egg consumption is associated with incident cardiovascular disease(CVD) and all-cause mortality. Using the project of Prediction for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk in China, we included 102,136 adults free of CVD and assessed their egg consumption with food-frequency questionnaires. CVD endpoints and all-cause mortality were confirmed during follow-ups by interviewing participants or their proxies and checking hospital records/death certificates.The HRs(95% CIs) were calculated using the cohort-stratified Cox regression models. During 777,163 person-years of followup, we identified 4,848 incident CVD and 5,511 deaths. U-shaped associations of egg consumption with incident CVD and allcause mortality were observed. Compared with consumption of 3–<6/week, the multivariable-adjusted HRs(95% CIs) of <1/week and ≥10/week for incident CVD were 1.22(1.11 to 1.35) and 1.39(1.28 to 1.52), respectively. The corresponding HRs(95% CIs) for all-cause mortality were 1.29(1.18 to 1.41) and 1.13(1.04 to 1.24). Our findings identified that both low and high consumption were associated with increased risk of incident CVD and all-cause mortality, highlighting that moderate egg consumption of 3–<6/week should be recommended for CVD prevention in China.展开更多
Backgrounds::Cardiovascular disease(CVD)remains the leading cause of deaths nationwide.However,little is understood about its temporal trend and corresponding influence on longevity improvements.We aimed to describe t...Backgrounds::Cardiovascular disease(CVD)remains the leading cause of deaths nationwide.However,little is understood about its temporal trend and corresponding influence on longevity improvements.We aimed to describe the updated tendency in CVD mortality and to quantify its impact on life expectancy(LE)increase in China.Methods::All-cause mortality rates were calculated with population sizes from the National Bureau of Statistics and death counts from the National Health Commission.We estimated CVD mortality rates by allocating age-and sex-based mortality envelopes to each CVD subtype based on its proportion derived from the Disease Surveillance Points system.The probability of CVD premature deaths and LE were calculated with life tables and we adopted Arriaga’s method to quantitate age-and cause-specific contributions to LE gains.Results::During 2013 to 2018,the age-standardized mortality rate of CVD decreased from 289.69(95%confidence interval[CI]:289.03,290.35)/100,000 to 272.37(95%CI:271.81,272.94)/100,000,along with a decline in probability of CVD premature deaths from 9.05%(95%CI:9.02%,9.09%)to 8.13%(95%CI:8.10%,8.16%).The gap in CVD mortality across sexes expanded with more remarkable declines in females,especially for those aged 15 to 64 years.Among major subtypes,the probability of premature deaths from hemorrhage stroke declined fastest,while improvements of ischemic stroke and ischemic heart disease were limited,and there was an increase in stroke sequelae.LE in China reached 77.04(95%CI:76.96,77.12)years in 2018 with an increase of 1.38 years from 2013.Of the total LE gains,21.15%(0.29 years)were attributed to reductions of CVD mortality in the overall population,mostly driven by those aged>65 years.Conclusions::The general process in reducing CVD mortality has contributed to longevity improvements in China.More attention should be paid to prevention and control of atherosclerotic CVD and stroke sequelae,especially for the elderly.Working-age males also deserve additional attention due to inadequate improvements.展开更多
As a major protein of cypovirus capsid shell, VP5 per-forms as the clamp protein to stabilize the capsid shellstructure （Yu et al., 2008）. And as a part of viral RNA（vRNA） replication machinery, VP5 has been found...As a major protein of cypovirus capsid shell, VP5 per-forms as the clamp protein to stabilize the capsid shellstructure （Yu et al., 2008）. And as a part of viral RNA（vRNA） replication machinery, VP5 has been found topossess an ATP-independent RNA chaperoning activity（Yang et al., 2014）. Here, we report that VP5 also has thenucleoside triphosphatase （NTPase） activity, which canhydrolyze all kinds of NTPs and dNTPs. Thus, ourfinding reveals that VP5 is a multifunctional protein thatmay be involved in diverse processes during cypovirallife cycle.展开更多
Summary What is already known about this topic?Short-term PM_(2.5) exposure has been associated with hourly,24-hour,daytime,and nighttime blood pressure(BP)levels,and further studies focusing whether and how the assoc...Summary What is already known about this topic?Short-term PM_(2.5) exposure has been associated with hourly,24-hour,daytime,and nighttime blood pressure(BP)levels,and further studies focusing whether and how the associations with other ambulatory BP monitoring indicators are warranted.展开更多
To the Editor:According to guidelines from western countries as well as China,dietary patterns with low intake of cholesterol have been widely recommended for maintaining ideal lipid levels.As one of the major sources...To the Editor:According to guidelines from western countries as well as China,dietary patterns with low intake of cholesterol have been widely recommended for maintaining ideal lipid levels.As one of the major sources of both high-quality protein and dietary cholesterol,eggs have always been the focus in terms of diet.Although increased lipid levels induced by high egg intake have been revealed by randomized controlled trials(RCTs),they may not be sufficient to reflect the impacts of habitual egg intake due to high doses of egg intake of more than 7 eggs/week or even 14 eggs/week.Further,RCTs typically have shorter intervention periods of about 3 months,which may not observe a stable association due to homeostasis in cholesterol metabolism of human beings.[1,2]Up to now,only three cohorts assessed the associations of egg intake with lipid levels or dyslipidemia,and the findings were still controversial.One recent cohort study has reported the non-significant association between higher egg intake(≥7 vs.1 eggs/week)and lipid profiles.On the other hand,another cohort from Spain found that compared with<1 egg/week,>4 eggs/week had no significant influence on total cholesterol(TC)and triglyceride(TG),but significantly decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)levels.[4]However,none of these cohorts were from developing countries,and the association between moderate egg intake and lipid profiles has not been well illustrated.Egg consumption in China,a representative of developing countries,is relatively higher,and it may be possible to better explore the appropriate range of egg intake.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (12101339, 12001526)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, China (BK20200626)。
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFE0115300 and 2017YFC0211703)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(91643208,82073658,and 91843302)+3 种基金the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(2021-I2M-1-010,2017-I2M-1-004,and 2019-I2M-2-003)Research Unit of Prospective Cohort of Cardiovascular Diseases and Cancers,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(2019RU038)the China Medical Board(15-220)supported by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences of the National Institutes of Health(Award#1R01ES032140).
文摘Background:The trade-off between the benefits of regular physical activity(PA)and the potentially detrimental effects of augmented exposure to air pollution in highly polluted regions remains unclear.This study aimed to examine whether ambient fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))exposure modified the impacts of PA volume and intensity on hypertension risk.Methods:We included 54,797 participants without hypertension at baseline in a nationwide cohort of the Prediction for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk in China(China-PAR)project.PA volume and intensitywere assessed by questionnaire,and high-resolution(1 km×1 km)PM_(2.5)estimates were generated using a satellite-based model.Results:During 413,516 person-years of follow-up,12,100 incident hypertension cases were identified.PM_(2.5)significantly modified the relationship between PA and hypertension incidence(p_(interaction)<0.001).Increased PA volume was negatively associated with incident hypertension in the low PM_(2.5)stratum(<59.8μg/m^(3),ptrend<0.001),with a hazard ratio of 0.81(95%confidence interval(95%CI):0.74-0.88)when comparing the fourth with the first quartile of PA volume.However,the health benefits were not observed in the high PM_(2.5)stratum(≥59.8μg/m^(3),p_(trend)=0.370).Moreover,compared with light PA intensity,vigorous intensity was related to a 20%(95%CI:9%-29%)decreased risk of hypertension for participants exposed to low PM_(2.5),but a 17%(95%CI:4%-33%)increased risk for those with high PM_(2.5)levels.Conclusion:PA was associated with a reduced risk of hypertension only among participants with low PM_(2.5)exposure.Our findings recommended regular PA to prevent hypertension in less polluted regions and reinforced the importance of air quality improvement.
基金supported by the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(2019-I2M-2-003,2017-I2M-1-004)National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFC0211700,2018YFE0115300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(91643208).
文摘Background:Inconsistent results have been reported in developed countries for relationships between sedentary behavior and cancer incidence and mortality,and evidence from the Chinese population is scarce.This study aimed to investigate such relationships in large Chinese population-based prospective cohorts and to explore the joint effect and interaction of sedentary behavior and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA)on these relationships.Methods:We included 95,319 Chinese adults without cancer from 3 large cohorts and assessed their sedentary behavior and physical activity with a unified questionnaire.Cancer incidence and mortality were confirmed by interviewing participants or their proxies and checking hospital records and death certificates.Hazard ratios(HRs)and 95%confidence intervals(95%CIs)for cancer and mortality were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression models.Results:During 559,002 person-years of follow-up,2388 cancer events,1571 cancer deaths,and 4562 all-cause deaths were recorded.Sedentary behavior was associated with increased risk of developing cancer and deaths in a doseresponse manner.The multivariable-adjusted HRs(95%CIs)were the following:HR=1.16,95%CI:1.01-1.33;HR=1.24,95%CI:1.04-1.48;and HR=1.15,95%CI:1.04-1.28 for cancer incidence,cancer mortality,and all-cause mortality,respectively,for those having≥10 h/day of sedentary time compared with those having<6 h/day of sedentary time.Sedentary populations(≥10 h/day)developed cancer or died 4.09 years and 2.79 years earlier,respectively,at the index age of 50 years.Failure to achieve the recommended level of MVPA may further aggravate the adverse associations,with the highest cancer and mortality risks being observed among participants with both≥10 h/day of sedentary time and<150 min/week of MVPA.Limitations of this study include the fact that physical activity information was obtained via questionnaire instead of objective measurement and that there were insufficient incident cases for the analysis of associations between sedentary behavior and site-specific cancers.Conclusion:Sedentary behavior was associated with an increased risk of cancer and all-cause mortality among Chinese adults,especially for those with≥10 h/day of sedentary time.It is necessary to reduce sedentary time,in addition to increasing MVPA levels,for the prevention of cancer and premature death.
文摘Objective Studies of the association of hypertension with long-term exposure to particulate matter less than 2.5μm in diameter(PM2.5)have shown contradictory results and the magnitude of the association is still unclear.Hence,we conducted a meta-analysis of cohort studies to assess the effect of long-term exposure to PM2.5 on incident hypertension.
文摘JF305 is a highly prolific pancreatic cancer cell line that originated from a Chinese patient. The cell line bears a functional HR double strand DNA repair mechanism but very responsive to PARP treatment a phenomenon clearly suggesting presence of an anomaly in the mechanism. Brca1, Brca2 and CHK2 proteins are very important constituents of the HR mechanism whose respective gene coding mutations are strongly associated with several cancers and are widely exploited in anticancer chemotherapy. In this current study, the BRCA1, BRCA2 gene mutation status in JF305 was determined together with the presence of 3 widely reported cancer linked CHK2 founder mutations (1100delC, I157T, IVS2 +IG > A). CHK21100delC genotype was determined using allele specific PCR, while the PCR-RFLP assay was used for I157T, IVS2 +IG > A analysis. PCR and direct sequencing were used for assessing the BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene. Results revealed that JF305 is CHK21100delC heterozygous mutant, CHK2I157T and CHK2IVS2 +IG > A wild type. Furthermore, it was observed that JF305 lacked BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations. The mutation status identification of CHK2 and BRCA1/2 in JF305 provides a major milestone towards elucidating the properties of the cell line which subsequently promises to be an excellent model for evaluating the role of parp inhibitors in pancreatic cancer chemotherapy most especially in the respective cancer cell lines without BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations.
基金supported by grants from the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (2017-12M-1-004)Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2017YFC0211700)National Natural Science Foundation of China (91643208)
文摘Existing evidence on the relationship between cardiovascular health(CVH) metrics and cardiovascular disease(CVD) was primarily derived from western populations. We aimed to evaluate the benefits of ideal CVH metrics on preventing incident atherosclerotic CVD(ASCVD) in Chinese population. This study was conducted among 93,987 adults from the China-PAR project(Prediction for ASCVD Risk in China) who were followed up until 2015. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate the hazard ratios(HRs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals(CIs) of CVH metrics for the risk of ASCVD, including coronary heart disease(CHD), stroke and ASCVD death. We further estimated the population-attributable risk percentage(PAR%) of these metrics in relation to each outcome. We observed gradient inverse associations between the number of ideal CVH metrics and ASCVD incidence. Compared with participants having ≤2 ideal CVH metrics, the multivariable-adjusted HRs(95% CIs) of ASCVD for those with 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 ideal CVH metrics were 0.83(0.74–0.93), 0.66(0.59–0.74), 0.55(0.48–0.61), 0.44(0.38–0.50) and 0.24(0.18–0.31), respectively(P for trend <0.0001). Approximately 62.1% of total ASCVD, 38.7% of CHD, 66.4% of stroke, and 60.5% of ASCVD death were attributable to not achieving all the seven ideal CVH metrics. After adjusting effects of ideal health factors, having four ideal health behaviors could independently bring adults health benefits in preventing 17.4% of ASCVD, 18.0% of CHD, 16.7% of stroke, and 10.1% of ASCVD death. Among all the seven CVH metrics, to keep with ideal blood pressure(BP) implied the largest public health gains against various ASCVD events(PAR% between 33.0% and 47.2%), while ideal diet was the metric most difficult to be achieved in the long term. Our study indicates that the more ideal CVH metrics adults have, the less ASCVD burden there is in China. Special efforts of health education and behavior modification should be made on keeping ideal BP and dietary habits in general Chinese population to prevent the epidemic of ASCVD.
基金supported by the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(2017-I2M-1-004)the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2017YFC0211700,2011BAI11B03,2011BAI09B03,and 2006BAI01A01)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(91643208)
文摘Evidence on the lifetime risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease(ASCVD) is insufficient;yet,estimating an individual's lifetime risk allows for a comprehensive assessment of ASCVD burden.We developed and validated lifetime risk prediction equations for ASCVD using four large and ongoing prospective cohorts of Chinese,the China-PAR project(Prediction for ASCVD Risk in China).Sexspecific equations were developed using two cohorts(as the derivation cohort) of 21,320 participants.Two other independent cohorts with 14,123 and 70,838 participants were used for their external validation,respectively.We evaluated both calibration and discrimination measures for model performance.Furthermore,we estimated ASCVD-free years lost or excess absolute risk attributable to high 10-year risk(!10.0%) and/or high lifetime risk(!32.8%).After 12.3 years' follow-up of the derivation cohort,1048 ASCVD events and 1304 non-ASCVD deaths were identified.Our sex-specific equations had good internal validation,with discriminant C statistics of 0.776(95% confidence interval [CI]:0.757–0.794) and 0.801(95% CI:0.778–0.825),and calibration χ~2 of 9.2(P = 0.418) and 5.6(P = 0.777) for men and women,respectively.Good external validation was also demonstrated with predicted rates closely matched to the observed ones.Compared with men having both low 10-year and low lifetime risk,men would develop ASCVD 3.0,4.6 and 8.6 years earlier if they had high 10-year risk alone,high lifetime risk alone,or both high 10-year and high lifetime risk at the index age of 35 years,respectively.We developed wellperformed lifetime risk prediction equations that will help to identify those with the greatest potential to avert ASCVD burden after implementation of innovative clinical and public health interventions in China.
基金supported by the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (2019-I2M-2-003, 2017-I2M-1-004)National Key R&D Program of China (2017YFC0211700 and 2018YFE0115300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (91643208)。
基金supported by the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(2017-I2M-1-004,2019-I2M-2-003)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFC0211700,2018YFE0115300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(91643208)。
文摘Evidence about the response patterns of fruit and vegetable consumption with the risk of cardiovascular disease(CVD)and allcause mortality was inconsistent.These associations were examined using a large-scale,population-based Chinese cohort comprising 100,728 participants.A food-frequency questionnaire was used to assess fruit and vegetable consumption.Outcomes were ascertained by interviewing individuals or their proxies and checking hospital records or death certificates.Cox proportional hazards regression was used to calculate hazard ratios(HRs)with 95% confidence intervals(CIs).At the 736,668 person-years of follow-up,3,677 CVD cases and 5,466 deaths were identified.The multivariable-adjusted HRs for CVD across increasing quartiles of total fruit and vegetable consumption were 1(reference),0.94(95%CI=0.85-1.04),0.89(95%CI=0.80-0.98),and 0.85(95%CI=0.77-0.95).Moreover,participants in the highest quartile displayed a 13% lower risk of all-cause mortality(HR=0.87;95%CI=0.80-0.95).A nonlinear dose-response relation was found for CVD,without additional benefits beyond a consumption of600 g d-1,whereas the all-cause mortality risk decreased along with higher consumption,with a linear trend.These associations remained significant for fruit consumption but not for vegetable consumption.Our findings indicated that greater fruit and vegetable consumption was significantly associated with a lower risk of CVD and all-cause mortality.Increasing fruit and vegetable consumption,especially fruit,in the general population would prevent CVD and premature mortality.
基金supported by the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(CAMS)Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(2019-I2M-2-003and 2017-I2M-1-004)National Key Research&Development Program of China(2017YFC0211700 and 2018YFE0115300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(91643208)。
文摘Eggs are nutrient-dense while also loaded with abundant cholesterol, thus making the public hesitant about their consumption.We conducted the study to investigate if egg consumption is associated with incident cardiovascular disease(CVD) and all-cause mortality. Using the project of Prediction for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk in China, we included 102,136 adults free of CVD and assessed their egg consumption with food-frequency questionnaires. CVD endpoints and all-cause mortality were confirmed during follow-ups by interviewing participants or their proxies and checking hospital records/death certificates.The HRs(95% CIs) were calculated using the cohort-stratified Cox regression models. During 777,163 person-years of followup, we identified 4,848 incident CVD and 5,511 deaths. U-shaped associations of egg consumption with incident CVD and allcause mortality were observed. Compared with consumption of 3–<6/week, the multivariable-adjusted HRs(95% CIs) of <1/week and ≥10/week for incident CVD were 1.22(1.11 to 1.35) and 1.39(1.28 to 1.52), respectively. The corresponding HRs(95% CIs) for all-cause mortality were 1.29(1.18 to 1.41) and 1.13(1.04 to 1.24). Our findings identified that both low and high consumption were associated with increased risk of incident CVD and all-cause mortality, highlighting that moderate egg consumption of 3–<6/week should be recommended for CVD prevention in China.
基金This study was supported by grants from the Chinese Academyof MedicalSciences(CAMS)Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(No.2021-I2M-1-010,No.2017-I2M-1-004)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12126602,No.82030102)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2017YFC0211700).
文摘Backgrounds::Cardiovascular disease(CVD)remains the leading cause of deaths nationwide.However,little is understood about its temporal trend and corresponding influence on longevity improvements.We aimed to describe the updated tendency in CVD mortality and to quantify its impact on life expectancy(LE)increase in China.Methods::All-cause mortality rates were calculated with population sizes from the National Bureau of Statistics and death counts from the National Health Commission.We estimated CVD mortality rates by allocating age-and sex-based mortality envelopes to each CVD subtype based on its proportion derived from the Disease Surveillance Points system.The probability of CVD premature deaths and LE were calculated with life tables and we adopted Arriaga’s method to quantitate age-and cause-specific contributions to LE gains.Results::During 2013 to 2018,the age-standardized mortality rate of CVD decreased from 289.69(95%confidence interval[CI]:289.03,290.35)/100,000 to 272.37(95%CI:271.81,272.94)/100,000,along with a decline in probability of CVD premature deaths from 9.05%(95%CI:9.02%,9.09%)to 8.13%(95%CI:8.10%,8.16%).The gap in CVD mortality across sexes expanded with more remarkable declines in females,especially for those aged 15 to 64 years.Among major subtypes,the probability of premature deaths from hemorrhage stroke declined fastest,while improvements of ischemic stroke and ischemic heart disease were limited,and there was an increase in stroke sequelae.LE in China reached 77.04(95%CI:76.96,77.12)years in 2018 with an increase of 1.38 years from 2013.Of the total LE gains,21.15%(0.29 years)were attributed to reductions of CVD mortality in the overall population,mostly driven by those aged>65 years.Conclusions::The general process in reducing CVD mortality has contributed to longevity improvements in China.More attention should be paid to prevention and control of atherosclerotic CVD and stroke sequelae,especially for the elderly.Working-age males also deserve additional attention due to inadequate improvements.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61890940,21922511,91833306,and 91833304)the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFA0703200)+2 种基金the CAS Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences(QYZDY-SSWSLH029)Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB30000000)the CAS-Croucher Funding Scheme for Joint Laboratories,and the CAS Cooperation Project(121111KYSB20200036)。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China grants No.31400141(to JY)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei grant No.2015CFB351(to JY)and No.2016CFA045(to XZ)the National Science Foundation for Post-doctoral Scientists of China grant No.2015M572190(to JY)
文摘As a major protein of cypovirus capsid shell, VP5 per-forms as the clamp protein to stabilize the capsid shellstructure （Yu et al., 2008）. And as a part of viral RNA（vRNA） replication machinery, VP5 has been found topossess an ATP-independent RNA chaperoning activity（Yang et al., 2014）. Here, we report that VP5 also has thenucleoside triphosphatase （NTPase） activity, which canhydrolyze all kinds of NTPs and dNTPs. Thus, ourfinding reveals that VP5 is a multifunctional protein thatmay be involved in diverse processes during cypovirallife cycle.
基金The National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFC0206503).
文摘Summary What is already known about this topic?Short-term PM_(2.5) exposure has been associated with hourly,24-hour,daytime,and nighttime blood pressure(BP)levels,and further studies focusing whether and how the associations with other ambulatory BP monitoring indicators are warranted.
基金supported by grants from the Chinese Academy of Medical Science Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(Nos.2017-I2M-1-004,2019-I2M-2-003)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2017YFC0211703,2018YFE0115300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.91643208)。
文摘To the Editor:According to guidelines from western countries as well as China,dietary patterns with low intake of cholesterol have been widely recommended for maintaining ideal lipid levels.As one of the major sources of both high-quality protein and dietary cholesterol,eggs have always been the focus in terms of diet.Although increased lipid levels induced by high egg intake have been revealed by randomized controlled trials(RCTs),they may not be sufficient to reflect the impacts of habitual egg intake due to high doses of egg intake of more than 7 eggs/week or even 14 eggs/week.Further,RCTs typically have shorter intervention periods of about 3 months,which may not observe a stable association due to homeostasis in cholesterol metabolism of human beings.[1,2]Up to now,only three cohorts assessed the associations of egg intake with lipid levels or dyslipidemia,and the findings were still controversial.One recent cohort study has reported the non-significant association between higher egg intake(≥7 vs.1 eggs/week)and lipid profiles.On the other hand,another cohort from Spain found that compared with<1 egg/week,>4 eggs/week had no significant influence on total cholesterol(TC)and triglyceride(TG),but significantly decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)levels.[4]However,none of these cohorts were from developing countries,and the association between moderate egg intake and lipid profiles has not been well illustrated.Egg consumption in China,a representative of developing countries,is relatively higher,and it may be possible to better explore the appropriate range of egg intake.
