生猪养殖场中户外运动场规划建设的必要性

自20世纪以来,随着限位栏等技术的引入,我国生猪养殖朝着集约化、规模化趋势日益发展,甚至有些地区在楼房里养起了猪,同时也有相配套的工程公司和智能化设备,这些技术的发展也充分缓解了生猪养殖用地和管理等问题,并且也大大提高了土地使用效率和人工效率,但是在另一方面却降低了养猪场的PSY,同时也损害了生猪的福利。因此,建设与之相连的运动场所,对于猪场而言将提高母猪福利和母猪的使用年限,同时打造绿色、无公害的品牌效应,对消费者而言将提高品牌认知度和接受度。

Fiber-dominated Soft Actuators Inspired by Plant Cell Walls and Skeletal Muscles

Morphing botanical tissues and animal muscles are all fiber-mediated composites, in which fibers play a passive and active role, respectively. Herein, inspired by the mechanism of fibers functioning in morphing botanical tissues and animal muscles, we propose two sorts of fiber-dominated composite actuators. First, inspired by the deformation of awned seeds in response to humidity change, we fabricate passive fiber-dominated actuators using non-active aligned carbon fibers via 4D printing method. The effects of process parameters, structural parameters, and fiber angles on the deformation of the printed actuators are examined. The experimental results show that the orientation degree is enhanced, resulting in a better swelling effect as the printing speed increases. Then, motivated by the actuation mechanism of skeletal muscle, we prepare active fiber-dominated actuators using active polyurethane fibers via 4D printing and pre-stretching method. The effect of fiber angle and loading on the actuation mode is experimentally analyzed. The experimental results show that the rotation angle of the actuator gradually decreases with the angle from 45° to 60°. When the fiber angle is 0° and 90°, the driver basically stops rotating while shrinking along the loading direction. Based on the above actuation mechanisms, identical contraction behaviors are realized both in passive and active fiber-dominated soft actuators. This work provides a validation method for biologically actuation mechanisms via 4D printing technique and smart materials and adds further insights to the design of bioinspired soft actuators.

Reduced ABO blood group antibody titers in patients after CD19 CAR-T cell therapy

1.INTRODUCTION With rapid developments in genetic engineering,tumor immunology,and cellular engineering,chimeric antigen receptor T cell(CAR-T)cell therapy has become a novel immunotherapy for oncology and other medical fields.1 The promising results of CD19 CAR-T treating B-cell malignancies were reported.2,3 Simultaneously,there existed many adverse events,the most reported of which including B-cell aplasia,hematological toxicity,cytokine release syndrome(CRS),and immune effector-cell–associated neurotoxicity syndrome(ICANS),3,4 but there is still lack of reports demonstrating the impact of CD19 CAR-T on the ABO blood group potency of patient’s serum.

Selecting an Appropriate Experimental Animal Model for Cholangiocarcinoma Research

Cholangiocarcinoma(CCA)is a highly aggressive biliary tree malignancy with intrahepatic and extra-hepatic sub-types that differ in molecular pathogeneses,epidemiology,clinical manifestations,treatment,and prognosis.The over-all prognosis and patient survival remains poor because of lack of early diagnosis and effective treatments.Preclini-cal in vivo studies have become increasingly paramount as they are helpful not only for the study of the fundamental molecular mechanisms of CCA but also for developing novel and effective therapeutic approaches of this fatal cancer.Recent advancements in cell and molecular biology have made it possible to mimic the pathogenicity of human CCA in chemical-mechanical,infection-induced inflammatory,implantation,and genetically engineered animal models.This review is intended to help investigators understand the particular strengths and weaknesses of the currently used in vivo animal models of human CCA and their related mod-eling techniques to aid in the selection of the one that is the best for their research needs.

Baseline aspartate aminotransferase/alanine transaminase ratio is associated with 3-year mortality in peritoneal dialysis patients

To the Editor:Peritoneal dialysis(PD)is a well-established renal replacement therapyin end-stage renal disease(ESRD)patients.Despite significant advances in technologies in recent decades,the mortality of PD patients remains high.Identifying prognostic factors for PD patients may help to identify patients at high risk.The aspartate aminotransferase(AST)/alanine transaminase(ALT)ratio was originally proposed as a marker of hepatic diseases.In recent years,researchers have found this ratio to be related to morbidity and mortality in other populations as well.[1,2]Therefore,we conducted this study to evaluate the prognostic value of the aspartate aminotransferase/alanine transaminase ratio(AST/ALT)ratio in PD patients.