The effect of rolling and forging on the microstructure and corrosion behavior of LZ91 alloy was investigated using an electron probe micro-analyzer,immersion and electrochemical tests.Results showed that the area fra...The effect of rolling and forging on the microstructure and corrosion behavior of LZ91 alloy was investigated using an electron probe micro-analyzer,immersion and electrochemical tests.Results showed that the area fraction of theβ-Li phase remained unchanged,and the grain size of theβ-Li phase decreased after forging.The as-rolled forged alloy(FR-LZ91)exhibited the highest area fraction of theβ-Li phase and the longest grains.The corrosion resistance of the forged LZ91 alloy increased due to grain refinement that prevented further corrosion during the immersion test.Among the experimental alloys,FR-LZ91 showed the highest resistance of corrosion film and charge transfer resistance values due to its protective film caused by the high area fraction of theβ-Li phase.展开更多
Introduction of the photothermal effect into transition-metal oxide photoanodes has been proven to be an effective method to improve the photoelectrochemical(PEC)water-splitting performance.However,the precise role of...Introduction of the photothermal effect into transition-metal oxide photoanodes has been proven to be an effective method to improve the photoelectrochemical(PEC)water-splitting performance.However,the precise role of the photothermal effect on the PEC performance of photoanodes is still not well understood.Herein,spinel-structured ZnFe_(2)O_(4)nanoparticles are deposited on the surface of hematite(Fe_(2)O_(3)),and the ZnFe_(2)O_(4)/Fe_(2)O_(3)photoanode achieves a high photocurrent density of 3.17 mA cm^(-2)at 1.23 V versus a reversible hydrogen electrode(VRHE)due to the photothermal effect of ZnFe_(2)O_(4).Considering that the hopping of electron small polarons induced by oxygen vacancies is thermally activated,we clarify that the main reason for the enhanced PEC performance via the photothermal effect is the promoted mobility of electron small polarons that are bound to positively charged oxygen vacancies.Under the synergistic effect of oxygen vacancies and the photothermal effect,the electron conductivity and PEC performance are significantly improved,which provide fundamental insights into the impact of the photothermal effect on the PEC performance of small polaron-type semiconductor photoanodes.展开更多
Yellow seed trait is a desirable characteristic with potential for increasing seed quality and commercial value in rapeseed,and anthocyanin and proanthocyanidins(PAs)are major seed-coat pigments.Few transcription fact...Yellow seed trait is a desirable characteristic with potential for increasing seed quality and commercial value in rapeseed,and anthocyanin and proanthocyanidins(PAs)are major seed-coat pigments.Few transcription factors involved in the regulation of anthocyanin and PAs biosynthesis have been characterized in rapeseed.In this study,we identified a transcription factor gene BnbHLH92a(BnaA06T0441000ZS)in rapeseed.Overexpressing BnbHLH92a both in Arabidopsis and in rapeseed reduced levels of anthocyanin and PAs.Correspondingly,the expression profiles of anthocyanin and PA biosynthesis genes(TT3,BAN,TT8,TT18,and TTG1)were shown by quantitative real-time PCR to be inhibited in BnbHLH92a-overexpressing Arabidopsis seeds,indicating that BnbHLH92a represses the anthocyanin and PA biosynthesis pathway in Arabidopsis.BnbHLH92a physically interacts with the BnTTG1 protein and represses the biosynthesis of anthocyanins and PAs in rapeseed.BnbHLH92a also binds directly to the BnTT18 promoter and represses its expression.These results suggest that BnbHLH92a is a novel upstream regulator of flavonoid biosynthesis in B.napus.展开更多
Inversion of seawater physical parameters (temperature, salinity and density) from seismic data is an important part of Seismic Oceanography, which was raised recent years to study physical oceanography. However prese...Inversion of seawater physical parameters (temperature, salinity and density) from seismic data is an important part of Seismic Oceanography, which was raised recent years to study physical oceanography. However present methods have problems that inversion accuracy is not high or inverted parameters are incomprehensive. To overcome these problems, this paper derives Allied Elastic Impedance (AEI), from which we can extract acoustic velocity and density of seawater directly. Furthermore this paper proposes a method to fit temperature and salinity with acoustic velocity and density respectively, breaking through the limitation that temperature and salinity can only be extracted from acoustic velocity. After applying it to model and real data, we find that this method not only solves the problem that ocean density is hard to extract, but also increases accuracy of other parameters, with the temperature and salinity resolution of 0.06°C and 0.02 psu respectively. All results show that AEI is promising in inversion of seawater physical parameters.展开更多
Background:Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)mastitis is one of the most difficult diseases to treat in lactating dairy cows worldwide.S.aureus with different lineages leads to different host immune responses.Long non-co...Background:Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)mastitis is one of the most difficult diseases to treat in lactating dairy cows worldwide.S.aureus with different lineages leads to different host immune responses.Long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)are reported to be widely involved in the progress of inflammation.However,no research has identified stable lncRNAs among different S.aureus strain infections.In addition,folic acid(FA)can effectively reduce inflammation,and whether the inflammatory response caused by S.aureus can be reduced by FA remains to be explored.Methods:lncRNA transcripts were identified from Holstein mammary gland tissues infected with different concentrations of S.aureus(in vivo)and mammary alveolar cells(Mac-T cells,in vitro)challenged with different S.aureus strains.Differentially expressed(DE)lncRNAs were evaluated,and stable DE lncRNAs were identified in vivo and in vitro.On the basis of the gene sequence conservation and function conservation across species,key lncRNAs with the function of potentially immune regulation were retained for further analysis.The function of FA on inflammation induced by S.aureus challenge was also investigated.Then,the association analysis between these keys lncRNA transcripts and hematological parameters(HPs)was carried out.Lastly,the knockdown and overexpression of the important lncRNA were performed to validate the gene function on the regulation of cell immune response.Results:Linear regression analysis showed a significant correlation between the expression levels of lncRNA shared by mammary tissue and Mac-T cells(P<0.001,R^(2)=0.3517).lncRNAs PRANCR and TNK2-AS1 could be regarded as stable markers associated with bovine S.aureus mastitis.Several HPs could be influenced by SNPs around lncRNAs PRANCR and TNK2-AS1.The results of gene function validation showed PRANCR regulates the mRNA expression of SELPLG and ITGB2 within the S.aureus infection pathway and the Mac-T cells apoptosis.In addition,FA regulated the expression change of DE lncRNA involved in toxin metabolism and inflammation to fight against S.aureus infection.Conclusions:The remarkable association between SNPs around these two lncRNAs and partial HP indicates the potentially important role of PRANCR and TNK2-AS1 in immune regulation.Stable DE lncRNAs PRANCR and TNK2-AS1 can be regarded as potential targets for the prevention of bovine S.aureus mastitis.FA supplementation can reduce the negative effect of S.aureus challenge by regulating the expression of lncRNAs.展开更多
Ice-induced structural vibration generally decreases with an increase in structural width at the waterline. Definitions of wide/narrow ice-resistant conical structures, according to ice-induced vibration, are directly...Ice-induced structural vibration generally decreases with an increase in structural width at the waterline. Definitions of wide/narrow ice-resistant conical structures, according to ice-induced vibration, are directly related to structure width, sea ice parameters, and clearing modes of broken ice. This paper proposes three clearing modes for broken ice acting on conical structures: complete clearing, temporary ice pile up, and ice pile up. In this paper, sea ice clearing modes and the formation requirements of dynamic ice force are analyzed to explore criteria determining wide/narrow ice-resistant conical structures. According to the direct measurement data of typical prototype structures, quantitative criteria of the ratio of a cone width at waterline(D) to sea ice thickness(h) is proposed. If the ratio is less than 30(narrow conical structure), broken ice is completely cleared and a dynamic ice force is produced; however, if the ratio is larger than 50(wide conical structure), the front stacking of broken ice or dynamic ice force will not occur.展开更多
A fast-growing protein and oil crop,soybean was domesticated in ancient China and disseminated early in Asia and afterwards to other continents,in particular the Americas in recent centuries.After adaptation,locally d...A fast-growing protein and oil crop,soybean was domesticated in ancient China and disseminated early in Asia and afterwards to other continents,in particular the Americas in recent centuries.After adaptation,locally developed landraces and cultivars formed a diversity of geographic-populations.In an investigation of their phylogeographic features,marker-derived traits were combined with geography-related photo-and temperaturesensitive traits to study 13 geographic-populations comprising 371 accessions.Extreme differentiation among geographic-populations was observed for flowering date(33–94 days),maturity date(79–181 days),and main stem node number(6–25 nodes).Restriction-site associated DNA sequencing revealed strong genetic differentiation among these geographic-populations,including genetic richness(alleles,35,242–44,986)and specific-present alleles(SPAs,0–67).More SPAs(28–67)emerged in some secondary and tertiary centers than in centers of origin(8–11).Phenotypic and genotypic clustering divided 11 of the 13 geographic-populations into the same five sets of sensitivity-similar geographic-populations and grouped the populations of northeast China and northern North America rather than center-of-origin populations as secondary centers,indicating the importance of geography-related traits in determining genetic differences among geographic-populations.A model of four soybean dissemination paths is presented:from the center of origin to the north,east,and south in Asia and from northeast China to Europe and the Americas.These findings provide a detailed phylogeographic understanding of worldwide soybeans.展开更多
Dear Editor,Grass carp reovirus(GCRV),a member of the genus Aquareovirus in the family Reoviridae(Attoui H,et al,2002),is one of the most virulent aquareoviruses iden-tified so far,leading to high fatality rates(up to...Dear Editor,Grass carp reovirus(GCRV),a member of the genus Aquareovirus in the family Reoviridae(Attoui H,et al,2002),is one of the most virulent aquareoviruses iden-tified so far,leading to high fatality rates(up to 85%)of fingerlings and yearlings of grass carp(Fang Q,et al,2007).No commercial vaccines against GCRV infection have been developed as yet.展开更多
Protein citrullination,including histone H1 and H3 citrullination,is important for transcriptional regulation,DNA damage response,and pluripotency of embryonic stem cells(ESCs).Tripartite motif containing 28(Trim28),a...Protein citrullination,including histone H1 and H3 citrullination,is important for transcriptional regulation,DNA damage response,and pluripotency of embryonic stem cells(ESCs).Tripartite motif containing 28(Trim28),an embryonic development regulator involved in ESC self-renewal,has recently been identified as a novel substrate for citrullination by Padi4.However,the physiological functions of Trim28 citrullination and its role in regulating the chromatin structure and gene transcription of ESCs remain unknown.In this paper,we show that Trim28 is specifically citrullinated in mouse ESCs(m ESCs),and that the loss of Trim28 citrullination induces loss of pluripotency.Mechanistically,Trim28 citrullination enhances the interaction of Trim28with Smarcad1 and prevents chromatin condensation.Additionally,Trim28 citrullination regulates m ESC pluripotency by promoting transcription of Nanog and Klf4 which it does by increasing the enrichment of H3K27ac and H3K4me3 and decreasing the enrichment of H3K9me3 in the transcriptional regulatory region.Thus,our findings suggest that Trim28citrullination is the key for the epigenetic activation of pluripotency genes and pluripotency maintenance of ESCs.Together,these results uncover a role Trim28 citrullination plays in pluripotency regulation and provide novel insight into how citrullination of proteins other than histones regulates chromatin compaction.展开更多
Aims Myriophyllum spicatum and Hydrilla verticillata are common submerged macrophytes in the Yangtze River basin.To investigate their tolerances and adaptations to water-level fluctuations,an experiment was conducted ...Aims Myriophyllum spicatum and Hydrilla verticillata are common submerged macrophytes in the Yangtze River basin.To investigate their tolerances and adaptations to water-level fluctuations,an experiment was conducted in a pond.Methods We designed five different amplitudes of water-level fluctuations as static,615,630,660 and 690 cm during the 74 days of the experiment.In each amplitude treatment,two cultivation methods were examined as monoculture and mixed culture.Important Findings The results showed that M.spicatum had greater morphological responses to water-level fluctuations than H.verticillata.Fluctuating amplitude had significant effects on branch number,shoot length and root dry weight(DW)of M.spicatum,whereas it only had significant effect on branch number of H.verticillata.Both fluctuating amplitude and cultivation method had significant effects on total DW of M.spicatum,which was higher in monoculture than mixed culture.The total DW of H.verticillata was affected by fluctuating amplitude only,and the largest biomass was in the amplitude of 630 cm.Fruit DW of M.spicatum was largest in the amplitude of 630 cm,high amplitude of water-level fluctuations would inhibit flowering and seed production.Root DW proportion was significantly affected by fluctuating amplitude and cultivation method in both species,and the root DW proportion of M.spicatum was significantly higher in the amplitude-of 690 cm.We conclude that moderate amplitude of water-level fluctuations can promote the distribution and growth of both species,and in order to accelerate the restoration of both species in natural habitats,the optimum amplitude should be keep at 615 to 630 cm.展开更多
Syncope is one kind of transient loss of consciousness,due to transient global cerebral hypoperfusion.It is sometimes misunderstood with other causes of transient loss of consciousness,like epilepsy,metabolic disorder...Syncope is one kind of transient loss of consciousness,due to transient global cerebral hypoperfusion.It is sometimes misunderstood with other causes of transient loss of consciousness,like epilepsy,metabolic disorders,head trauma,psychological factors,and so on.Syncope in children and adolescents is common and seriously impacts the quality of their lives.However,its pathogenesis,etiologies,diagnosis and management are complex.The studies on syncope attract great interest of pediatricians and great progress has been made in this interesting field.Based on the improvement achieved so far,Chinese Pediatric Cardiology Society(CPCS)successfully developed a guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of syncope in children and adolescents,which would greatly improve the level of clinical management of syncope.展开更多
Spectral analysis shows a low-frequency shadow under the BSR interface. Traditional low-frequency shadow analysis is based on stacked data. In order to understand the BSR low-frequency shadow more clearly, a frequency...Spectral analysis shows a low-frequency shadow under the BSR interface. Traditional low-frequency shadow analysis is based on stacked data. In order to understand the BSR low-frequency shadow more clearly, a frequency division analysis on stereoscopic observation seismic data based on the adaptive optimal-kernel (AOK) frequency analysis method is presented. It includes ocean-bottom seismometer (OBS) data (common receiver point data including vertical and horizontal components), vertical cable data (common receiver point data) and horizontal cable data (stacked section of different offsets). The OBS data frequency analysis gets a conclusion that vertical component has a significant effect on the low-frequency shadow, but the horizontal component did not. The vertical cable data shows that the low frequency band of vertical cable is wider than OBS. And then the horizontal cable data frequency analysis points out that the bigger the angle of incidence is, the more obvious the low-frequency shadow will be. The low-frequency shadow feature is shown in the stereoscopic observation field and the visual effect on com- mon reception point data is better. The lateral reservoir distribution characteristics are predicted from low-frequency shadow feature analysis of the hydrate BSR based on stereoscopic observation.展开更多
Tripartite motif(TRIM)proteins were shown to play an important role in innate antiviral immunity.FinTRIM(ftr)is a new subset of TRIM genes that do not possess obvious orthologs in higher vertebrates.However,little is ...Tripartite motif(TRIM)proteins were shown to play an important role in innate antiviral immunity.FinTRIM(ftr)is a new subset of TRIM genes that do not possess obvious orthologs in higher vertebrates.However,little is known about its function.In this study,we used bioinformatic analysis to examine the phylogenetic relationships and conserved domains of zebrafish(Danio rerio)fir01,fir42,and fir58.as well as qualitative real-time PCR to examine their expression patterns in zebrafish embryonic fibroblast(ZF4)cells and zebrafish tissues.Sequence analysis showed that the three finTRIMs are highly conserved,and all contain a RING domain.B-box domain,and SPRY-PRY domain.In addition,fr42 and fir58 had one coiled-coil domain(CCD),whereas ftrol had two CCDs.Tissue expression analysis revealed that the mRNA level of ftr01 was the highest in the liver,whereas those of ftr42 and ftr58 were the highest in the gill;the expression of thesefinTRIMs was clearly upregulated not in the eyes,but in the liver,spleen,kidney,gill,and brain of zebrafish following spring viremia of carp virus(SVCV)infection.Similarly,the expression of these three finTRIM genes also increased in ZF4 cells after SVCV infection.Our study revealed that fir01,fr42,and fir58 may play an important role in antiviralimmune responses,and these findings validate the need for more in-depth research on the finTRIM family in the future.展开更多
Flaviviruses are important arthropod-borne pathogens that represent an immense global health problem.Their unprecedented epidemic rate and unpredictable clinical features underscore an urgent need for antiviral interv...Flaviviruses are important arthropod-borne pathogens that represent an immense global health problem.Their unprecedented epidemic rate and unpredictable clinical features underscore an urgent need for antiviral interventions.Dehydroepiandrosterone(DHEA)is a natural occurring adrenal-derived steroid in the human body that has been associated in protection against various infections.In the present study,the plaque assay based primary screening was conducted on 32 synthetic derivatives of DHEA against Japanese encephalitis virus(JEV)to identify potent anti-flaviviral compounds.Based on primary screening,HAAS-AV3026 and HAAS-AV3027 were selected as hits from DHEA derivatives that exhibited strong antiviral activity against JEV(IC_(50)=2.13 and 1.98μmol/L,respectively)and Zika virus(ZIKV)(IC_(50)=3.73 and 3.42μmol/L,respectively).Mechanism study indicates that HAAS-AV3026 and HAAS-AV3027 do not exhibit inhibitory effect on flavivirus binding and entry process,while significantly inhibit flavivirus infection at the replication stage.Moreover,indirect immunofluorescence assay,Western blot analyses,and quantitative reverse transcription-PCR(qRT-PCR)revealed a potent antiviral activity of DHEA derivatives hits against JEV and ZIKV in terms of inhibition of viral infection,protein production,and viral RNA synthesis in Vero cells.Taken together,our results may provide a basis for the development of new antivirals against flaviviruses.展开更多
In a recent study published in Cell, Samata et al. demonstrated a novel mechanism that guided the genomic reprogramming. They showed that the acetylation of histone H4 at Lysine 16(H4K16ac) was intergenerationally mai...In a recent study published in Cell, Samata et al. demonstrated a novel mechanism that guided the genomic reprogramming. They showed that the acetylation of histone H4 at Lysine 16(H4K16ac) was intergenerationally maintained from the mother’s oocyte to the young embryo and primed zygotic gene activation in Drosophila(Samata et al., 2020).Embryonic development is initially directed by maternal gene products. Then gradually, developmental control is handed to the zygotic genome during the maternal-to-zygotic transition(MZT).展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 52022017, 51974058, and 51927801)the Innovation Foundation of Science and Technology of Dalian, China (No. 2020RQ124)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China
文摘The effect of rolling and forging on the microstructure and corrosion behavior of LZ91 alloy was investigated using an electron probe micro-analyzer,immersion and electrochemical tests.Results showed that the area fraction of theβ-Li phase remained unchanged,and the grain size of theβ-Li phase decreased after forging.The as-rolled forged alloy(FR-LZ91)exhibited the highest area fraction of theβ-Li phase and the longest grains.The corrosion resistance of the forged LZ91 alloy increased due to grain refinement that prevented further corrosion during the immersion test.Among the experimental alloys,FR-LZ91 showed the highest resistance of corrosion film and charge transfer resistance values due to its protective film caused by the high area fraction of theβ-Li phase.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51902297,52002361,52003300,and 22109120)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LQ21B030002)the fund of the Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education,and Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science.
文摘Introduction of the photothermal effect into transition-metal oxide photoanodes has been proven to be an effective method to improve the photoelectrochemical(PEC)water-splitting performance.However,the precise role of the photothermal effect on the PEC performance of photoanodes is still not well understood.Herein,spinel-structured ZnFe_(2)O_(4)nanoparticles are deposited on the surface of hematite(Fe_(2)O_(3)),and the ZnFe_(2)O_(4)/Fe_(2)O_(3)photoanode achieves a high photocurrent density of 3.17 mA cm^(-2)at 1.23 V versus a reversible hydrogen electrode(VRHE)due to the photothermal effect of ZnFe_(2)O_(4).Considering that the hopping of electron small polarons induced by oxygen vacancies is thermally activated,we clarify that the main reason for the enhanced PEC performance via the photothermal effect is the promoted mobility of electron small polarons that are bound to positively charged oxygen vacancies.Under the synergistic effect of oxygen vacancies and the photothermal effect,the electron conductivity and PEC performance are significantly improved,which provide fundamental insights into the impact of the photothermal effect on the PEC performance of small polaron-type semiconductor photoanodes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072093,31830067)the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA,the Science and Enterprise Consortium Project of Chongqing(cqnyncw-kqlhtxm)+1 种基金the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for Undergraduates(S202010635197)the 111 Project(B12006).
文摘Yellow seed trait is a desirable characteristic with potential for increasing seed quality and commercial value in rapeseed,and anthocyanin and proanthocyanidins(PAs)are major seed-coat pigments.Few transcription factors involved in the regulation of anthocyanin and PAs biosynthesis have been characterized in rapeseed.In this study,we identified a transcription factor gene BnbHLH92a(BnaA06T0441000ZS)in rapeseed.Overexpressing BnbHLH92a both in Arabidopsis and in rapeseed reduced levels of anthocyanin and PAs.Correspondingly,the expression profiles of anthocyanin and PA biosynthesis genes(TT3,BAN,TT8,TT18,and TTG1)were shown by quantitative real-time PCR to be inhibited in BnbHLH92a-overexpressing Arabidopsis seeds,indicating that BnbHLH92a represses the anthocyanin and PA biosynthesis pathway in Arabidopsis.BnbHLH92a physically interacts with the BnTTG1 protein and represses the biosynthesis of anthocyanins and PAs in rapeseed.BnbHLH92a also binds directly to the BnTT18 promoter and represses its expression.These results suggest that BnbHLH92a is a novel upstream regulator of flavonoid biosynthesis in B.napus.
文摘Inversion of seawater physical parameters (temperature, salinity and density) from seismic data is an important part of Seismic Oceanography, which was raised recent years to study physical oceanography. However present methods have problems that inversion accuracy is not high or inverted parameters are incomprehensive. To overcome these problems, this paper derives Allied Elastic Impedance (AEI), from which we can extract acoustic velocity and density of seawater directly. Furthermore this paper proposes a method to fit temperature and salinity with acoustic velocity and density respectively, breaking through the limitation that temperature and salinity can only be extracted from acoustic velocity. After applying it to model and real data, we find that this method not only solves the problem that ocean density is hard to extract, but also increases accuracy of other parameters, with the temperature and salinity resolution of 0.06°C and 0.02 psu respectively. All results show that AEI is promising in inversion of seawater physical parameters.
基金financially supported by the NSFC-PSF Joint Project(31961143009)Beijing Dairy Industry Innovation Team (BAIC06)+2 种基金China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARABeijing Natural Science Foundation (6182021)the Program for Changjiang Scholar and Innovation Research Team in University (IRT-15R62)。
文摘Background:Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)mastitis is one of the most difficult diseases to treat in lactating dairy cows worldwide.S.aureus with different lineages leads to different host immune responses.Long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)are reported to be widely involved in the progress of inflammation.However,no research has identified stable lncRNAs among different S.aureus strain infections.In addition,folic acid(FA)can effectively reduce inflammation,and whether the inflammatory response caused by S.aureus can be reduced by FA remains to be explored.Methods:lncRNA transcripts were identified from Holstein mammary gland tissues infected with different concentrations of S.aureus(in vivo)and mammary alveolar cells(Mac-T cells,in vitro)challenged with different S.aureus strains.Differentially expressed(DE)lncRNAs were evaluated,and stable DE lncRNAs were identified in vivo and in vitro.On the basis of the gene sequence conservation and function conservation across species,key lncRNAs with the function of potentially immune regulation were retained for further analysis.The function of FA on inflammation induced by S.aureus challenge was also investigated.Then,the association analysis between these keys lncRNA transcripts and hematological parameters(HPs)was carried out.Lastly,the knockdown and overexpression of the important lncRNA were performed to validate the gene function on the regulation of cell immune response.Results:Linear regression analysis showed a significant correlation between the expression levels of lncRNA shared by mammary tissue and Mac-T cells(P<0.001,R^(2)=0.3517).lncRNAs PRANCR and TNK2-AS1 could be regarded as stable markers associated with bovine S.aureus mastitis.Several HPs could be influenced by SNPs around lncRNAs PRANCR and TNK2-AS1.The results of gene function validation showed PRANCR regulates the mRNA expression of SELPLG and ITGB2 within the S.aureus infection pathway and the Mac-T cells apoptosis.In addition,FA regulated the expression change of DE lncRNA involved in toxin metabolism and inflammation to fight against S.aureus infection.Conclusions:The remarkable association between SNPs around these two lncRNAs and partial HP indicates the potentially important role of PRANCR and TNK2-AS1 in immune regulation.Stable DE lncRNAs PRANCR and TNK2-AS1 can be regarded as potential targets for the prevention of bovine S.aureus mastitis.FA supplementation can reduce the negative effect of S.aureus challenge by regulating the expression of lncRNAs.
基金Foundation item: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41306087), Public Science and Technology Research Funds Projects of Ocean (Grant No. 201505019)
文摘Ice-induced structural vibration generally decreases with an increase in structural width at the waterline. Definitions of wide/narrow ice-resistant conical structures, according to ice-induced vibration, are directly related to structure width, sea ice parameters, and clearing modes of broken ice. This paper proposes three clearing modes for broken ice acting on conical structures: complete clearing, temporary ice pile up, and ice pile up. In this paper, sea ice clearing modes and the formation requirements of dynamic ice force are analyzed to explore criteria determining wide/narrow ice-resistant conical structures. According to the direct measurement data of typical prototype structures, quantitative criteria of the ratio of a cone width at waterline(D) to sea ice thickness(h) is proposed. If the ratio is less than 30(narrow conical structure), broken ice is completely cleared and a dynamic ice force is produced; however, if the ratio is larger than 50(wide conical structure), the front stacking of broken ice or dynamic ice force will not occur.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFD0101500,2016YFD0100304)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31701447,31671718,31571695)+6 种基金the Ministry of Education 111 Project(B08025)the Ministry of Education Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University(PCSIRT_17R55)the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-04)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutionsthe Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiesthe Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop ProductionNatural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(19KJB210010).
文摘A fast-growing protein and oil crop,soybean was domesticated in ancient China and disseminated early in Asia and afterwards to other continents,in particular the Americas in recent centuries.After adaptation,locally developed landraces and cultivars formed a diversity of geographic-populations.In an investigation of their phylogeographic features,marker-derived traits were combined with geography-related photo-and temperaturesensitive traits to study 13 geographic-populations comprising 371 accessions.Extreme differentiation among geographic-populations was observed for flowering date(33–94 days),maturity date(79–181 days),and main stem node number(6–25 nodes).Restriction-site associated DNA sequencing revealed strong genetic differentiation among these geographic-populations,including genetic richness(alleles,35,242–44,986)and specific-present alleles(SPAs,0–67).More SPAs(28–67)emerged in some secondary and tertiary centers than in centers of origin(8–11).Phenotypic and genotypic clustering divided 11 of the 13 geographic-populations into the same five sets of sensitivity-similar geographic-populations and grouped the populations of northeast China and northern North America rather than center-of-origin populations as secondary centers,indicating the importance of geography-related traits in determining genetic differences among geographic-populations.A model of four soybean dissemination paths is presented:from the center of origin to the north,east,and south in Asia and from northeast China to Europe and the Americas.These findings provide a detailed phylogeographic understanding of worldwide soybeans.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(30901118,31172433)National Science & Technology Pillar Program(2012BAD25B06)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2011PY121,2011QC029,2013PY069,2013PY70,2013PY071)
文摘Dear Editor,Grass carp reovirus(GCRV),a member of the genus Aquareovirus in the family Reoviridae(Attoui H,et al,2002),is one of the most virulent aquareoviruses iden-tified so far,leading to high fatality rates(up to 85%)of fingerlings and yearlings of grass carp(Fang Q,et al,2007).No commercial vaccines against GCRV infection have been developed as yet.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31972884)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFC1312300)+3 种基金the National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics(Z20201007)1·3·5 Project for Disciplines of Excellence,West China Hospital(ZYGD18003)the Postdoctoral Research Project,West China Hospital,Sichuan University(18HXBH068)the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan,China(2022NSFSC1424)。
文摘Protein citrullination,including histone H1 and H3 citrullination,is important for transcriptional regulation,DNA damage response,and pluripotency of embryonic stem cells(ESCs).Tripartite motif containing 28(Trim28),an embryonic development regulator involved in ESC self-renewal,has recently been identified as a novel substrate for citrullination by Padi4.However,the physiological functions of Trim28 citrullination and its role in regulating the chromatin structure and gene transcription of ESCs remain unknown.In this paper,we show that Trim28 is specifically citrullinated in mouse ESCs(m ESCs),and that the loss of Trim28 citrullination induces loss of pluripotency.Mechanistically,Trim28 citrullination enhances the interaction of Trim28with Smarcad1 and prevents chromatin condensation.Additionally,Trim28 citrullination regulates m ESC pluripotency by promoting transcription of Nanog and Klf4 which it does by increasing the enrichment of H3K27ac and H3K4me3 and decreasing the enrichment of H3K9me3 in the transcriptional regulatory region.Thus,our findings suggest that Trim28citrullination is the key for the epigenetic activation of pluripotency genes and pluripotency maintenance of ESCs.Together,these results uncover a role Trim28 citrullination plays in pluripotency regulation and provide novel insight into how citrullination of proteins other than histones regulates chromatin compaction.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(4100117)Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment of China(2008ZX07103-004).
文摘Aims Myriophyllum spicatum and Hydrilla verticillata are common submerged macrophytes in the Yangtze River basin.To investigate their tolerances and adaptations to water-level fluctuations,an experiment was conducted in a pond.Methods We designed five different amplitudes of water-level fluctuations as static,615,630,660 and 690 cm during the 74 days of the experiment.In each amplitude treatment,two cultivation methods were examined as monoculture and mixed culture.Important Findings The results showed that M.spicatum had greater morphological responses to water-level fluctuations than H.verticillata.Fluctuating amplitude had significant effects on branch number,shoot length and root dry weight(DW)of M.spicatum,whereas it only had significant effect on branch number of H.verticillata.Both fluctuating amplitude and cultivation method had significant effects on total DW of M.spicatum,which was higher in monoculture than mixed culture.The total DW of H.verticillata was affected by fluctuating amplitude only,and the largest biomass was in the amplitude of 630 cm.Fruit DW of M.spicatum was largest in the amplitude of 630 cm,high amplitude of water-level fluctuations would inhibit flowering and seed production.Root DW proportion was significantly affected by fluctuating amplitude and cultivation method in both species,and the root DW proportion of M.spicatum was significantly higher in the amplitude-of 690 cm.We conclude that moderate amplitude of water-level fluctuations can promote the distribution and growth of both species,and in order to accelerate the restoration of both species in natural habitats,the optimum amplitude should be keep at 615 to 630 cm.
文摘Syncope is one kind of transient loss of consciousness,due to transient global cerebral hypoperfusion.It is sometimes misunderstood with other causes of transient loss of consciousness,like epilepsy,metabolic disorders,head trauma,psychological factors,and so on.Syncope in children and adolescents is common and seriously impacts the quality of their lives.However,its pathogenesis,etiologies,diagnosis and management are complex.The studies on syncope attract great interest of pediatricians and great progress has been made in this interesting field.Based on the improvement achieved so far,Chinese Pediatric Cardiology Society(CPCS)successfully developed a guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of syncope in children and adolescents,which would greatly improve the level of clinical management of syncope.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 41304096, 41176077)the National Science and Technology Major Project of China (No. 2016ZX05024-001-002)+1 种基金the National High-Tech R & D Program of China (863 Program) (No. 2013AA092501)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 201762019)
文摘Spectral analysis shows a low-frequency shadow under the BSR interface. Traditional low-frequency shadow analysis is based on stacked data. In order to understand the BSR low-frequency shadow more clearly, a frequency division analysis on stereoscopic observation seismic data based on the adaptive optimal-kernel (AOK) frequency analysis method is presented. It includes ocean-bottom seismometer (OBS) data (common receiver point data including vertical and horizontal components), vertical cable data (common receiver point data) and horizontal cable data (stacked section of different offsets). The OBS data frequency analysis gets a conclusion that vertical component has a significant effect on the low-frequency shadow, but the horizontal component did not. The vertical cable data shows that the low frequency band of vertical cable is wider than OBS. And then the horizontal cable data frequency analysis points out that the bigger the angle of incidence is, the more obvious the low-frequency shadow will be. The low-frequency shadow feature is shown in the stereoscopic observation field and the visual effect on com- mon reception point data is better. The lateral reservoir distribution characteristics are predicted from low-frequency shadow feature analysis of the hydrate BSR based on stereoscopic observation.
基金supported by the National Training Program of Innovation and Entrepreneurship for Undergraduates of Huazhong Agricultural University (2015308200403)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFD0900505)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of China (31172433)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2662018YJ022)
文摘Tripartite motif(TRIM)proteins were shown to play an important role in innate antiviral immunity.FinTRIM(ftr)is a new subset of TRIM genes that do not possess obvious orthologs in higher vertebrates.However,little is known about its function.In this study,we used bioinformatic analysis to examine the phylogenetic relationships and conserved domains of zebrafish(Danio rerio)fir01,fir42,and fir58.as well as qualitative real-time PCR to examine their expression patterns in zebrafish embryonic fibroblast(ZF4)cells and zebrafish tissues.Sequence analysis showed that the three finTRIMs are highly conserved,and all contain a RING domain.B-box domain,and SPRY-PRY domain.In addition,fr42 and fir58 had one coiled-coil domain(CCD),whereas ftrol had two CCDs.Tissue expression analysis revealed that the mRNA level of ftr01 was the highest in the liver,whereas those of ftr42 and ftr58 were the highest in the gill;the expression of thesefinTRIMs was clearly upregulated not in the eyes,but in the liver,spleen,kidney,gill,and brain of zebrafish following spring viremia of carp virus(SVCV)infection.Similarly,the expression of these three finTRIM genes also increased in ZF4 cells after SVCV infection.Our study revealed that fir01,fr42,and fir58 may play an important role in antiviralimmune responses,and these findings validate the need for more in-depth research on the finTRIM family in the future.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0501102,2016YFD0500407)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31825025,32022082,32030107,32002268)+1 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2662018QD025)Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(2019CFA010)
文摘Flaviviruses are important arthropod-borne pathogens that represent an immense global health problem.Their unprecedented epidemic rate and unpredictable clinical features underscore an urgent need for antiviral interventions.Dehydroepiandrosterone(DHEA)is a natural occurring adrenal-derived steroid in the human body that has been associated in protection against various infections.In the present study,the plaque assay based primary screening was conducted on 32 synthetic derivatives of DHEA against Japanese encephalitis virus(JEV)to identify potent anti-flaviviral compounds.Based on primary screening,HAAS-AV3026 and HAAS-AV3027 were selected as hits from DHEA derivatives that exhibited strong antiviral activity against JEV(IC_(50)=2.13 and 1.98μmol/L,respectively)and Zika virus(ZIKV)(IC_(50)=3.73 and 3.42μmol/L,respectively).Mechanism study indicates that HAAS-AV3026 and HAAS-AV3027 do not exhibit inhibitory effect on flavivirus binding and entry process,while significantly inhibit flavivirus infection at the replication stage.Moreover,indirect immunofluorescence assay,Western blot analyses,and quantitative reverse transcription-PCR(qRT-PCR)revealed a potent antiviral activity of DHEA derivatives hits against JEV and ZIKV in terms of inhibition of viral infection,protein production,and viral RNA synthesis in Vero cells.Taken together,our results may provide a basis for the development of new antivirals against flaviviruses.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31972884,81903083)National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics(Z20201007)1·3·5 Project for Disciplines of Excellence,West China Hospital(ZYGD18003),Sichuan University。
文摘In a recent study published in Cell, Samata et al. demonstrated a novel mechanism that guided the genomic reprogramming. They showed that the acetylation of histone H4 at Lysine 16(H4K16ac) was intergenerationally maintained from the mother’s oocyte to the young embryo and primed zygotic gene activation in Drosophila(Samata et al., 2020).Embryonic development is initially directed by maternal gene products. Then gradually, developmental control is handed to the zygotic genome during the maternal-to-zygotic transition(MZT).