三乙烯二胺交联季铵化聚芳醚砜电解质膜的制备与性能

采用聚芳醚砜为原料,经付克氯甲基化反应,以三乙烯二胺为交联剂,通过非均相和均相2种季铵化方式制备了2类燃料电池用交联型阴离子交换膜CQPAES。所制备CQPAES膜的离子交换容量为1. 15～1. 25 mmol/g。与非交联膜相比,交联膜的耐溶剂性、尺寸稳定性均得到了提高,在高温高压水中的水解稳定性、强碱条件下的化学稳定性显著增强。季铵化方式对交联膜性能影响的研究表明,均相季铵化膜与非均相季铵化膜相比,可更好地控制交联膜的溶胀,相应交联膜的离子电导率更高。交联剂加入量为0. 1～0. 2时,交联膜的综合性能最佳。

Modulation of reactive oxygen species to enhance sonodynamic therapy

Reactive oxygen species(ROS),involving in many biological reactions,play an important role in disease treatment.Among the various ROS-based therapeutic modalities,sonodynamic therapy(SDT)stands out with its unique advantages.In turn,the SDT efficacy is mainly dependent on the ROS levels in the disease microenvironment.Therefore,in recent years,researchers have extensively investigated SDT with high ROS generation capacity.In this review,we focus on effective strategies to improve the therapeutic ef-ficiency of SDT by modulating ROS,overview the basic mechanisms of ROS generation by sonosensitizers,highlight the rational design of sonosensitizers,and summarize strategies to improve the SDT efficacy by modulating disease microenvironment.In addition,multiple ROS synergistic treatment modalities and the prospect of SDT are discussed.We believe that the understanding and exploration of SDT enhancement strategies will facilitate the clinical translation of SDT.

Intranasal administration nanosystems for brain-targeted drug delivery

The existence of the blood-brain barrier(BBB)restricts the entry of drugs from the circulation into the central nervous system(CNS),which severely affects the treatment of neurological diseases,including glioblastoma,Parkinson’s disease(PD),and Alzheimer’s disease(AD).With the advantage of bypassing the BBB and avoiding systemic distribution,intranasal administration has emerged as an alternative method of delivering drugs to the brain.Drug delivery directly to the brain using intranasal nanosystems represents a new paradigm for neurological disease treatment because of its advantages in improving drug solubility and stability in vivo,enabling targeted drug delivery and controlled release,and reducing non-specific toxicity.And it has shown efficacy in animal models and clinical applications.Herein,this review describes the mechanisms of intranasal delivery of brain-targeted drugs,the properties of nanosystems for intranasal administration(e.g.,liposomes,nanoemulsions,and micelles),and strategies for intranasal drug delivery to enhance brain-targeted drug delivery.Recent applications of nanosystems in intranasal drug delivery and disease treatment have been comprehensively reviewed.Although encouraging results have been reported,significant challenges still need to be overcome to translate these nanosystems into clinics.Therefore,the future prospects of intranasal drug delivery nanosystems are discussed in depth,expecting to provide useful insights and guidance for effective neurological disease treatment.

多模态成像引导的光热抗肿瘤联合疗法研究进展

光热疗法(PTT)是一种借助光热试剂将特定波长激光的光能转化为热能,通过局部组织热效应来治疗癌症的方法.因其具有高肿瘤消融效率、对正常细胞的毒副作用小等优点,引起了人们的广泛关注.近年来,大量低毒性、高生物相容性、高光热转换效率的光热试剂被开发.单一PTT虽可杀死癌细胞,但因其可视化程度低、高热过程难以控制,且极易造成癌症二次复发和转移,严重限制了其发展.因此发展具有多模态成像结合癌症治疗方法的光热诊疗纳米平台具有重要的意义.本文综述了近年来多模态成像引导的光热抗肿瘤联合诊疗的最新进展,包括PTT相关的癌症诊断(热成像、光声成像、光致发光成像、磁共振成像、X射线计算机断层扫描成像、正电子发射断层扫描成像等),以及PTT与其他癌症治疗方法(光动力疗法、化学药物疗法、免疫疗法、放射疗法、声动力疗法等)结合的策略.此外,就目前光热诊疗纳米平台所面临的挑战和未来的前景进行了深入分析和展望.

Sonodynamic therapy(SDT): a novel strategy for cancer nanotheranostics

Sonodynamic therapy(SDT) is a promising non-invasive therapeutic modality. Compared to photo-inspired therapy, SDT provides many opportunities and benefits, including deeper tissue penetration, high precision, less side effects, and good patient compliance. Thanks to the facile engineerable nature of nanotechnology, nanoparticles-based sonosensitizers exhibit predominant advantages, such as increased SDT efficacy, binding avidity, and targeting specificity. This review aims to summarize the possible mechanisms of SDT, which can be expected to provide the theoretical basis for SDT development in the future. We also extensively discuss nanoparticle-assisted sonosensitizers to enhance the outcome of SDT. Additionally, we focus on the potential strategy of combinational SDT with other therapeutic modalities and discuss the limitations and challenges of SDT toward clinical applications.

A reusable SMA actuated non-explosive lockrelease mechanism for space application

After the satellite is launched with the carrier rocket,it is necessary to separate the satellite from the rocket at an appropriate time to ensure that the satellite enters the intended orbit.In this process,it is vital to ensure a reliable connection and accurate separation.With the increasing use of microsatellite in orbit,the contradiction between the shock of separation and the requirement of the platform’s dynamic environment is becoming increasingly prominent.Therefore,the traditional pyrotechnic separation device can no longer meet the requirements.This paper presents a reusable non-explosive release actuator using shape memory alloy(SMA)wire for high load and low shock.The system is based on the Fast Acting Shock-less Separation Nut(FASSN)technology.Using the shape memory effect of SMA,a biased SMA wire trigger has been developed,which is used as the driver source of the actuator.At the moment of receiving the electrical signal,the SMA wire generates stress and deformation.The trigger set free the constraints on the mechanical components,and the target is released.Experimental results indicate that the trigger device can unlock successfully and well meet the technical objectives.