Simple and Efficient Cultivation Technology for the Peanut under the Standardization Mode of Single-seed Sowing

Single-seed sowing is a new,simple and efficient cultivation mode for peanut that realized from cultivation of healthy individual and construction of high-yielding population. The cultivation mode has the obvious advantages in uniform seedling,strong sprouting,seed saving and cost saving,thus it is considered as one of the effective ways for high-yield and high-efficient peanut cultivation in China in the future.Through integrating with other high-efficiency and simple cultivation measures,the single-seed sowing technology system has made conforming to China's national standardization cultivations of peanut and the technology was already applied in the main producing areas of peanut and gained the significant efficiency and abroad application prospects. Based on many years of researches in single-seed sowing technology,high-efficiency fertilization and scientific chemical control in the research team,by combining with the latest research results in plant protection and machinery,this paper described the key points and matters needing attentions from variety selection,planting mode,rational fertilization,planting specifications and field management.

Study on Physiological Characteristics and Supporting Techniques of Huayu 22 Peanut

Huayu 22 Peanut( Arachis hypogaea L.) belongs to ordinary large variety of peanut with high quality,high yield potential and high stress resistance. Study on nutrition characteristics,stress physiology and supporting techniques of Huayu 22 Peanut is conducive to further developing its application value in breeding and exploiting its high yield potential. Compared with Baisha 1016 Peanut,Huayu 22 Peanut has greater shade tolerance. In weak light,both the leaf area and rate of photosynthesis of Huayu 22 Peanut decline slightly,and damage of chloroplast ultramicrostructure is less,light compensation point and chloroplast a / b are lower,and capturing and utilization efficiency of weak light are higher; after removal of shade,Huayu 22 Peanut plant gets recovered quickly with higher growth compensation effect but slight dropping of yield. Characteristics of N supply for Huayu 22 Peanut at different growth stages are as follows: N supply intensity of root nodule takes on unimodal curve with peak at pod bearing stage. The N supply intensity of soil takes on N shape with higher value at pegging stage and pod filling stage; N supply intensity takes on unimodal curve with peak at pegging stage. At seedling stage and pod filling stage,N is mainly supplied by soil; at pegging stage and pod bearing stage,N is supplied by root nodule. At whole growth stage,root nodule has the largest contribution to N supply,accounting for 50. 0%,followed by soil and fertilizer,and the proportion is about 5: 3: 2. The study established standardized supporting technique for simple cultivation of Huayu 22 Peanut with " single-seed planting,high effective fertilizer application,and three sprays and multi-prevention".

Supporting Techniques for High Yield and High Quality Huayu 22 Peanut

This paper mainly studied the effects of different sowing dates and densities on the main agronomic traits and yield of Huayu 22 peanut under field conditions. The sowing date experiment obtained following results.( i) From April 25 to May 25,with the delay of the sowing date,the main stem height,the number of branches per plant,the number of pods per plant,full-seed pod rate and the yield decreased in Dongming test site,while the sowing date had little effect on the double-seed pod rate,and the best sowing date was April 25;in Wendeng test site,with the delay of the sowing date,the main agronomic traits and yield were firstly increased and then decreased,the yield was highest on May 10,followed by May 5 and April 30,the difference between the three treatments was not significant,and the appropriate sowing date was from April 30 to May 10,and the best sowing data was May 5.( ii) In the range of 90 000-210 000 holes/ha,with the increase of the density,the main stem height,lateral branch length and the number of pods per plant showed a decline trend,the density had little effect on the number of branches per plant,and the double-seed pod rate was the highest at 120 000 holes/ha,the yield and full-seed pod rate were the highest at 150 000 holes/ha,so the optimum density was 150 000 holes/ha.

籼型杂种雄性不育水稻9814HS-1的育性与遗传分析

杂种雄性不育系是培育多系法杂交稻理想的遗传工具;杂种雄性不育性一般发生在水稻种间或亚种间,而鲜见于亚种内的品种间.本文报道了一份籼籼交杂种雄性不育系9814HS-1.田间观察结果显示, 9814HS-1在长沙10月初起或三亚3月中旬前抽穗则花粉彻底败育,结实率为0.00%,而同期抽穗的双亲T98B和M114B的育性正常.分子标记分析发现T98B和M114B的籼稻基因型频率分别达到了0.94和1.00;进一步分析注意到,它们与8个籼稻品种杂交的F1株系结实全部正常,结实率达到了80.35%~91.87%,而与4个粳稻品种的杂交后代均高度不育,表明9814HS-1的双亲都具有籼稻属性.测恢试验发现, 9814HS-1的育性能被所测验的6个籼稻品种全部恢复(结实率达到了85.24%~93.21%),表明9814HS-1具有"三交种"育种利用潜力.遗传分析显示, T98B和M114B的正反交F2和BC1F1群体中不育株与可育株的理论分离比都为1:3,推断9814HS-1的育性受两个非等位的杂合态核基因互作所控制.籼型杂种雄性不育系9814HS-1的发现为重新认识水稻生殖障碍提供了启示,对于建立杂种优势利用新途径具有重要意义.