The study of pesticide-fertilizer combination prepared with biochar and chlorantraniliprole and its effectiveness in controlling fall armyworms

In this research,a pesticide-fertilizer combination(PFC)was fabricated using chlorantraniliprole and biochar.The PFC had a spherical shape,smooth surface,uniform particles,relatively dense structure and good compression resistance.The adsorption propertie of biochar to chlorantraniliprole was investigated.During the preparation of pelleted granules,the types and concentrations of corefillers and adhesives were screened and optimized.Besides,the safety to maize and effectiveness against fall armyworms of PFC had been investigated.Meanwhile,The PFC could promoted growth of maize significantly and control fall armyworm effectively.This work provides a promising approach to slow the release of chlorantraniliprole,which has a potential application to enhance the pesticides efficiency.

High-Throughput MicroRNA and mRNA Sequencing Reveals that MicroRNAs May Be Involved in Pectinesterase-Mediated Cold Resistance in Potato

Since potato cultivars are sensitive to low temperature,cold injury severely affects the geographical distribution and yield of potato.Although some miRNAs have been identified in response to cold stress in plants,there is no report about the role of miRNAs in the response to cold stress in potato.Here,via high throughput sequencing,we described the profiling of cold stress response to miRNA and mRNA in potato.Two small RNA and six mRNA libraries were constructed and sequenced.296 known and 211 novel miRNAs were identified,in which 34 miRNAs in Cold Group(CG)had the higher expression quantity than which in Normal Group(NG)and 32 in CG had lower expression quantity than which in NG.3068 differentially expressed genes were detected between NG and CG,in which 1400 genes were up-regulated and 1668 genes were down-regulated.The metabolism pathway of starch and sucrose(ko00500)is the common KEGG pathway in differentially expressed miRNA and mRNA.In this pathway,StuPME21575 and StuPME42971 are pectinesterase which mainly catalyzes the pectin-forming pectate,which are controlled by stu-miR6023 and stu-novel-miR42365.As the potato suffering cold stress,these two miRNAs expression levels became higher,but their target genes expression levels were just opposite and this result is the same with qRT-PCR.

The Pythium periplocum elicitin PpEli2 confers broad-spectrum disease resistance by triggering a novel receptor-dependent immune pathway in plants

Elicitins are microbe-associated molecular patterns produced by oomycetes to elicit plant defense.It is still unclear whether elicitins derived from non-pathogenic oomycetes can be used as bioactive molecules for disease control.Here,for the first time we identify and characterize an elicitin named PpEli2 from the soil-borne oomycete Pythium periplocum,which is a non-pathogenic mycoparasite colonizing the root ecosystem of diverse plant species.Perceived by a novel cell surface receptor-like protein,REli,that is conserved in various plants(e.g.tomato,pepper,soybean),PpEli2 can induce hypersensitive response cell death and an immunity response in Nicotiana benthamiana.Meanwhile,PpEli2 enhances the interaction between REli and its co-receptor BAK1.The receptor-dependent immune response triggered by PpEli2 is able to protect various plant species against Phytophthora and fungal infections.Collectively,our work reveals the potential agricultural application of non-pathogenic elicitins and their receptors in conferring broad-spectrum resistance for plant protection.

Study on the Relationship of Spray Rate to Air Pressure and Gravity Drop of Siphonic Nozzle

In order to further clarify the spraying performance of siphonic nozzle, the spray rate of siponic cone nozzle with aperture of 1.0 mm was determined at 15 different air pressure levels and 12 gravity drop levels, and DPS and SPSS were used to make the difference analysis and modeling, which clarified the relationship between the spray rate of the siphonic cone nozzle with aperture of 1.0 mm and air pressure and gravity drop, getting the regression equation of Y=406.854P＋ 1.904G＋77.524. The study could provide a theoretical basis for the optimization and improvement of plant protection spraying equipment.

The Post-exposure Effects of Spinosad and Plant Allelochemicals on Biological Characteristics of Helicoverpa armigera(Lepidoptera： Noctuvidae)

In order to define the combined effects of spinosad and plant allelochemicals on Helicoverpa armigera(Lepidoptera:Noctuvidae), the research fed them on artificial diets with different doses of spinosad, gossypol, quercetin and tannicacid, and the changes of pupal and imaginal biological characteristics were observed and recorded. The results showed that spinosad at sublethal concentrations decreased pupation ratio and pupal weight, prolonged prepupal and pupal periods, and decreased emergence ratio, fecundity and longevity of adults. Combined with plant allelochemicals, spinosad significantly prolonged pupal period and shorten adult longevity. Other life-cycle parameters such as pupation ratio, pupal weights, emergence ratio, eggs laid per female and hatch ratio did not change significantly. The results clearly indicated that plant allelochemicals did not change spinosad efficiency on H. armigera, but the combination of spinosad and plant allelochemicals might affect pest population dynamics significantly by changing its development.