Functional electrical stimulation is a method of repairing a dysfunctional limb in a stroke patient by using low-intensity electrical stimulation.Currently,it is widely used in smart medical treatment for limb rehabil...Functional electrical stimulation is a method of repairing a dysfunctional limb in a stroke patient by using low-intensity electrical stimulation.Currently,it is widely used in smart medical treatment for limb rehabilitation in stroke patients.In this paper,the development of FES systems is sorted out and analyzed in a time order.Then,the progress of functional electrical stimulation in the field of rehabilitation is reviewed in details in two aspects,i.e.,system development and algorithm progress.In the system aspect,the development of the first FES control and stimulation system,the core of the lower limb-based neuroprosthesis system and the system based on brain-computer interface are introduced.The algorithm optimization for control strategy is introduced in the algorithm.Asynchronous stimulation to prolong the function time of the lower limbs and a method to improve the robustness of knee joint modeling using neural networks.Representative applications in each of these aspects have been investigated and analyzed.展开更多
Graphdiyne(GDY)is fascinating in the construction of efficient and stable catalysts,but their performance is still somewhat restricted due to GDY’s thicker layers,as well as hydrophobic and relatively chemically iner...Graphdiyne(GDY)is fascinating in the construction of efficient and stable catalysts,but their performance is still somewhat restricted due to GDY’s thicker layers,as well as hydrophobic and relatively chemically inert surfaces.Herein,via oxidationexfoliation-reduction strategy,the self-supported electrode material of CoP nanosheets with ultrathin oxygen-containing GDY wrapping(CoP@RGDYO)for effective HER is constructed.The wrapping of ultrathin oxygen-containing GDY promotes charge transfer,improves the surface property,and enhances the acid and alkali resistance as well as the structural stability of the catalyst.As a result,CoP@RGDYO shows enhanced activity and stability in both acidic and alkaline media.Especially,it exhibits a low overpotential of 86 mV and exceptional stability under a 14000-cycle cyclic voltammetry scanning in alkaline media.This work provides new ideas for the design of GDY hybrid materials and the preparation of high-efficiency catalysts.展开更多
The association between serum uric acid and the risk of incident diabetes in Chinese adults remains unknown.This study aimed to investigate this association in a community-dwelling population aged≥40 years in Shangha...The association between serum uric acid and the risk of incident diabetes in Chinese adults remains unknown.This study aimed to investigate this association in a community-dwelling population aged≥40 years in Shanghai,China.Oral glucose tole3rance test was conducted during baseline and follow-up visits.Relative risk regression was utilized to examine the associations between baseline gender-specific serum uric acid levels and incident diabetes risk.A total of 613(10.3%)incident diabetes cases were identified during the follow-up visit after 4.5 years.Fasting plasma glucose,postload glucose,and glycated hemoglobin A1c during the follow-up visit progressively increased across the sex-specific quartiles of serum uric acid(all Ps<0.05).The incidence rate of diabetes increased across the quartiles of serum uric acid(7.43%,8.77%,11.47%,and 13.43%).Multivariate adjusted regression analysis revealed that individuals in the highest quartile had 1.36-fold increased risk of diabetes compared with those in the lowest quartile of serum uric acid(odds ratio(95%confidence interval)=1.36(1.06−1.73)).Stratified analysis indicated that the association was only observed in women.Accordingly,serum uric acid was associated with the increased risk of incident diabetes among middle-aged and elderly Chinese women.展开更多
Photoinduced electron transfer process is a crucial step in photooxidation to obtain synthetic chemicals. How- ever, the driving forces of electron transfer as priority in all have been rarely studied in stepwise deta...Photoinduced electron transfer process is a crucial step in photooxidation to obtain synthetic chemicals. How- ever, the driving forces of electron transfer as priority in all have been rarely studied in stepwise detail. Herein, we report a series of BODIPY derivatives with an emphasis on the intramolecular charge transfer, enhancing the key step of photoinduced electron transfer process and photooxidation performances. A series of novel BODIPY photosensitizers (B-1--B-5) were prepared, wherein diethylamine amino of B-3 as charge injection group was conjugated to the 2,6-diiodo-styryl-BODIPY, and the electron transfer impetus was enhanced 1.6 times due to its more negative redox potentials. These results were also confirmed by the DFT/TDDFT calculation. Without pure oxygen, B-3 still can exhibit an exceptional performance in photoxidative aromatization of 1,4-DHP under mild condition. After irradiation for 28 rain, the conversion rate came to 98.2%.展开更多
Malnutrition in early life increases the risk of osteoporosis,but the association of early-life undernutrition combined with adulthood obesity patterns with low-energy fracture remains unknown.This study included 5323...Malnutrition in early life increases the risk of osteoporosis,but the association of early-life undernutrition combined with adulthood obesity patterns with low-energy fracture remains unknown.This study included 5323 community-dwelling subjects aged⩾40 years from China.Early-life famine exposure was identified based on the participants’birth dates.General obesity was assessed using the body mass index(BMI),and abdominal obesity was evaluated with the waist-to-hip ratio(WHR).Low-energy fracture was defined as fracture occurring after the age of⩾40 typically caused by falls from standing height or lower.Compared to the nonexposed group,the group with fetal,childhood,and adolescence famine exposure was associated with an increased risk of fracture in women with odds ratios(ORs)and 95%confidence intervals(CIs)of 3.55(1.57–8.05),3.90(1.57–9.71),and 3.53(1.05–11.88),respectively,but not in men.Significant interactions were observed between fetal famine exposure and general obesity with fracture among women(P for interaction=0.0008).Furthermore,compared with the groups with normal BMI and WHR,the group of women who underwent fetal famine exposure and had both general and abdominal obesity had the highest risk of fracture(OR,95%CI:3.32,1.17–9.40).These results indicate that early-life famine exposure interacts with adulthood general obesity and significantly increases the risk of low-energy fracture later in life in women.展开更多
基金This work has received funding from the European Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation programmer under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No.701697,Major Program of the National Social Science Fund of China(Grant No.17ZDA092)Basic Research Programs(Natural Science Foundation)of Jiangsu Province(BK20180794)+1 种基金333 High-Level Talent Cultivation Project of Jiangsu Province(BRA2018332)the PAPD fund.
文摘Functional electrical stimulation is a method of repairing a dysfunctional limb in a stroke patient by using low-intensity electrical stimulation.Currently,it is widely used in smart medical treatment for limb rehabilitation in stroke patients.In this paper,the development of FES systems is sorted out and analyzed in a time order.Then,the progress of functional electrical stimulation in the field of rehabilitation is reviewed in details in two aspects,i.e.,system development and algorithm progress.In the system aspect,the development of the first FES control and stimulation system,the core of the lower limb-based neuroprosthesis system and the system based on brain-computer interface are introduced.The algorithm optimization for control strategy is introduced in the algorithm.Asynchronous stimulation to prolong the function time of the lower limbs and a method to improve the robustness of knee joint modeling using neural networks.Representative applications in each of these aspects have been investigated and analyzed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.201972123,U2003307,and 21861037)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFB35006042)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China(Nos.2021D01C097,2020D01C062,and 2021D01D09)Scientific Research Program of the Higher Education Institution of Xinjiang(XJEDU2021Y005)Open Project of PCOSS(Xiamen University)(2021X20).
文摘Graphdiyne(GDY)is fascinating in the construction of efficient and stable catalysts,but their performance is still somewhat restricted due to GDY’s thicker layers,as well as hydrophobic and relatively chemically inert surfaces.Herein,via oxidationexfoliation-reduction strategy,the self-supported electrode material of CoP nanosheets with ultrathin oxygen-containing GDY wrapping(CoP@RGDYO)for effective HER is constructed.The wrapping of ultrathin oxygen-containing GDY promotes charge transfer,improves the surface property,and enhances the acid and alkali resistance as well as the structural stability of the catalyst.As a result,CoP@RGDYO shows enhanced activity and stability in both acidic and alkaline media.Especially,it exhibits a low overpotential of 86 mV and exceptional stability under a 14000-cycle cyclic voltammetry scanning in alkaline media.This work provides new ideas for the design of GDY hybrid materials and the preparation of high-efficiency catalysts.
基金This study was supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China(Nos.2016YFC1305202 and 2016YFC1304904)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81670795 and 81870604)Yuhong Chen was supported by the Shanghai Shenkang Hospital Development Center for improving the control of type 2 diabetes in the suburbs of Shanghai(No.16CR4020A).
文摘The association between serum uric acid and the risk of incident diabetes in Chinese adults remains unknown.This study aimed to investigate this association in a community-dwelling population aged≥40 years in Shanghai,China.Oral glucose tole3rance test was conducted during baseline and follow-up visits.Relative risk regression was utilized to examine the associations between baseline gender-specific serum uric acid levels and incident diabetes risk.A total of 613(10.3%)incident diabetes cases were identified during the follow-up visit after 4.5 years.Fasting plasma glucose,postload glucose,and glycated hemoglobin A1c during the follow-up visit progressively increased across the sex-specific quartiles of serum uric acid(all Ps<0.05).The incidence rate of diabetes increased across the quartiles of serum uric acid(7.43%,8.77%,11.47%,and 13.43%).Multivariate adjusted regression analysis revealed that individuals in the highest quartile had 1.36-fold increased risk of diabetes compared with those in the lowest quartile of serum uric acid(odds ratio(95%confidence interval)=1.36(1.06−1.73)).Stratified analysis indicated that the association was only observed in women.Accordingly,serum uric acid was associated with the increased risk of incident diabetes among middle-aged and elderly Chinese women.
基金We thank the support of National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant 21302224, 51172285, 21176259, 51303212, 51303202), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2014M560590, 2015T80758), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (15CX05010A), Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation (ZR2013BQ028, ZR2013EMQ013), Project of Science and Technology Program for Basic Research of Qingdao (14-2-4-47-jch) and the State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals (KF 1203).
文摘Photoinduced electron transfer process is a crucial step in photooxidation to obtain synthetic chemicals. How- ever, the driving forces of electron transfer as priority in all have been rarely studied in stepwise detail. Herein, we report a series of BODIPY derivatives with an emphasis on the intramolecular charge transfer, enhancing the key step of photoinduced electron transfer process and photooxidation performances. A series of novel BODIPY photosensitizers (B-1--B-5) were prepared, wherein diethylamine amino of B-3 as charge injection group was conjugated to the 2,6-diiodo-styryl-BODIPY, and the electron transfer impetus was enhanced 1.6 times due to its more negative redox potentials. These results were also confirmed by the DFT/TDDFT calculation. Without pure oxygen, B-3 still can exhibit an exceptional performance in photoxidative aromatization of 1,4-DHP under mild condition. After irradiation for 28 rain, the conversion rate came to 98.2%.
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.2022YFC2505202)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81970691 and 82170819)+4 种基金Shanghai Outstanding Academic Leaders Plan(No.20XD1422800)Shanghai Medical and Health Development Foundation(No.DMRFP_I_01)Clinical Research Plan of SHDC(No.SHDC2020CR3064B)Science and Technology Committee of Shanghai(No.20Y11905100)Key Medical Subject of Jiading District,Shanghai(No.2020-jdyxzdzk-01).
文摘Malnutrition in early life increases the risk of osteoporosis,but the association of early-life undernutrition combined with adulthood obesity patterns with low-energy fracture remains unknown.This study included 5323 community-dwelling subjects aged⩾40 years from China.Early-life famine exposure was identified based on the participants’birth dates.General obesity was assessed using the body mass index(BMI),and abdominal obesity was evaluated with the waist-to-hip ratio(WHR).Low-energy fracture was defined as fracture occurring after the age of⩾40 typically caused by falls from standing height or lower.Compared to the nonexposed group,the group with fetal,childhood,and adolescence famine exposure was associated with an increased risk of fracture in women with odds ratios(ORs)and 95%confidence intervals(CIs)of 3.55(1.57–8.05),3.90(1.57–9.71),and 3.53(1.05–11.88),respectively,but not in men.Significant interactions were observed between fetal famine exposure and general obesity with fracture among women(P for interaction=0.0008).Furthermore,compared with the groups with normal BMI and WHR,the group of women who underwent fetal famine exposure and had both general and abdominal obesity had the highest risk of fracture(OR,95%CI:3.32,1.17–9.40).These results indicate that early-life famine exposure interacts with adulthood general obesity and significantly increases the risk of low-energy fracture later in life in women.