畅享自然——让老年人乐享幸福生活的生态社区公园设计

为了更好地照顾老年人,护理模式正在一步步由家庭护理向社区护理转变。该项目以自然恢复、低影响发展、自我维持的生态社区为设计理念,旨在创造一个健康舒适的户外空间,为老年人提供互动、娱乐和教育服务,加强老年人与家人之间的联系,并完善社区内外的社交网络。项目地址位于安徽省合肥市中心的仙桥社区。该社区占地0.46平方公里,有6个相对独立的居民区。原有社区景观设计陈旧,建筑密度高,仅有一个公共广场和一个袖珍公园,区域内居民很少有接触到绿色和自然的机会。

Analysis of Meteorological Conditions for a Sea Fog Process in 2016

The visibility characteristics and meteorological conditions of a sea fog process on 27th February, 2016 are analyzed and the heavy fog process is simulated by the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model in this paper. The forecast results show that the visibility in Qingdao coastal area is light fog on the night of the 26th. In the WRF simulation, it can be observed from the sea-level pressure that the wind direction of Qingdao and the coastal area turned southerly with the eastward movement of the low pressure system on surface from 1200 UTC to 1800 UTC on the 26th. A large amount of water vapor brought by easterly and southerly wind provides sufficient water vapor conditions for the formation and development of the sea fog. At 975 hPa, there is a strong warm tongue over Shandong Peninsula at 0600 UTC on the 26th, while the offshore is affected by the cold tongue, where the horizontal temperature gradient is large and there is a strong baroclinicity. At 850 hPa, there is a weak warm ridge over Qingdao at 1200 UTC on the 26th, which means that it is an inversion layer, which is conducive to the maintenance of fog.

作物氮肥利用效率遗传改良研究进展

氮素是植物生长发育所需的大量元素之一,施用氮肥是农业生产中提高农作物产量的重要手段。自20世纪60年代以来,“绿色革命”半矮秆农作物品种的育成和大面积推广有效地解决了“高产与倒伏”之间的矛盾,提高了农作物的收获指数和产量。然而半矮秆水稻和小麦品种也表现出生长发育对氮肥响应减弱、根系对铵态氮和硝态氮的吸收能力下降以及氮肥利用效率(nitrogen use efficiency,NUE)低的弊病,其产量增加依赖于氮肥的大量投入,这不仅提高了种植成本还导致了严重的环境污染问题。因此,提高农作物氮肥利用效率对于保障国家粮食安全和农业可持续发展具有重要战略意义。本文概述了“绿色革命”与赤霉素的作用机理,系统总结了植物氮素吸收、同化和代谢调控方面的研究进展,并介绍了提高作物氮肥利用效率的最新研究发现,以期为作物氮肥高效利用的遗传改良提供参考。

植物响应环境变化的长距离信号传导

高等植物在应对复杂环境变化时,需要整合和协调不同器官与组织感知的信息,并通过一套精细且复杂的机制经维管系统向受体组织或器官传递,进而系统性协调植物整体的生长发育和环境响应。在维管系统中移动的信号物质称为长距离信号。近年来研究发现,能够长距离移动的信号分子主要有小RNA、mRNA、小肽、激素、第二信使以及蛋白质等几类,这些信号分子能够将细胞外刺激从感知组织传递到靶器官,从而系统性地调控植物发育进程和环境响应。本文重点总结了植物体内长距离移动的RNA、小肽和蛋白质这3类长距离信号分子在调控植物器官发育、养分吸收以及环境响应等方面的研究进展,并对该领域在作物育种方面的应用潜力进行了探讨和展望,以期为作物遗传育种应用提供理论基础。

Effect of preparation method on the bimetallic NiCu/SAPO-11 catalysts for the hydroisomerization of n-octane

The bimetallic NiCu/SAPO-11 catalysts were prepared by co-impregnation, sequential impregnation, coprecipitation, and mechanical mixing methods. Powder X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption-desorption,temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia, transmission electron microscopy, temperatureprogrammed reduction of hydrogen, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to characterize the physicochemical properties of the catalysts. The catalytic performance of the catalysts was assessed by the hydroisomerization of n-octane. Results indicated that the conversion of n-octane and selectivity to n-octane isomers were related to the preparation methods of the catalysts. The catalysts with Ni-Cu alloy effectively restrained the hydrogenolysis reaction that decreases the selectivity of isomerization. The catalyst prepared by the mechanical mixing of NiO and CuO hardly formed Ni-Cu alloy, showing obvious hydrogenolysis and low selectivity to n-octane isomers. The unbalance between the metal and acid sites resulted in the low conversion of n-octane and selectivity to n-octane isomers. Among all the catalysts,the catalyst prepared by the co-impregnation method exhibited high catalytic activity and selectivity to n-octane isomers.

Cyclic constitutive equations of rock with coupled damage induced by compaction and cracking

In this paper,the cyclic constitutive equations were proposed to describe the constitutive behavior of cyclic loading and unloading.Firstly,a coupled damage variable was derived,which contains two parts,i.e.,the compaction-induced damage and the cracking-induced damage.The compaction-induced damage variable was derived from a nonlinear stress–strain relation of the initial compaction stage,and the cracking-induced damage variable was established based on the statistical damage theory.Secondly,based on the total damage variable,a damage constitutive equation was proposed to describe the constitutive relation of rock under the monotonic uniaxial compression conditions,whereafter,the application of this model is extended to cyclic loading and unloading conditions.To validate the proposed monotonic and cyclic constitutive equations,a series of mechanical tests for marble specimens were carried out,which contained the monotonic uniaxial compression(MUC)experiment,cyclic uniaxial compression experiments under the variable amplitude(CUC-VA)and constant amplitude(CUC-CA)conditions.The results show that the proposed total damage variable comprehensively reflects the damage evolution characteristic,i.e.,the damage variable firstly decreases,then increases no matter under the conditions of MUC,CUC-VA or CUC-CA.Then a reasonable consistency is observed between the experimental and theoretical curves.The proposed cyclic constitutive equations can simulate the whole cyclic loading and unloading behaviors,such as the initial compaction,the strain hardening and the strain softening.Furthermore,the shapes of the theoretical curves are controlled by the modified coefficient,compaction sensitivity coefficient and two Weibull distributed parameters.

Genetic mapping and identification of Lg^(f) loci controlling green fuzz in Upland cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.)

Naturally colored cotton fiber is environment-friendly but has monotonous color and poor fiber quality.Identification of green fiber or fuzz genes would aid in investigating the biosynthesis of green pigments in cotton fibers. In this study, we established a mapping population and found that the Lg^(f) trait(white lint and green fuzz) from Gossypium hirsutum race latifolium is controlled by an incompletely dominant gene.The Lg^(f) locus was mapped to a 71-kb interval on chromosome 21 containing seven genes, including a transcription factor with similarity to Arabidopsis MYB9. Harboring 13 SNPs and a 4-bp insertion/deletion in its promoter, GhMYB9 was highly up-regulated in the critical period for green pigment development in fuzz. Virus-induced gene silencing of GhMYB9 in a green-fuzz accession of G. hirsutum race latifolium TX-41 conferred white or light green fuzz. These results suggest that GhMYB9 is an important contributor to green pigments in cotton fiber and shed light on the regulatory mechanism controlling green pigmentation.

A General Model of Zoonosis Where the Diseases Can Only Be Transmitted from Animals to Humans

Zoonosis is an important factor affecting human economic development and population mortality. This paper introduces a general model of zoonosis, in which the diseases can only be transmitted from animals to humans, such as rabies, brucellosis and so on. The basic reproduction number R0 is derived. And then the global stability of the disease-free equilibrium and endemic equilibrium models is analyzed by using the method of comparison principle and Lyapunov function. Next, a numerical analysis is performed to elaborate the consistency of theoretical and numerical results and to prove the practical significance of zoonosis research. The numerical results show that our models are applicable to zoonosis with animal size larger than or smaller than population size. Finally, in order to see the most important factor for the epidemic of zoonosis a sensitive analysis is analyzed.

High Order Tensor Forms of Growth Curve Models

In this paper, we first study the linear regression model and obtain a norm-minimized estimator of the parameter vector by using the g-inverse and the singular value decomposition of matrix X. We then investigate the growth curve model (GCM) and extend the GCM to a generalized GCM (GGCM) by using high order tensors. The parameter estimations in GGCMs are also achieved in this way.

Predicting on Chinese Consumers’Organic Wine Purchase Intention

There is very little research on the perception and willingness of Chinese consumers to purchase organic wine.The research aims to understand the factors which influence Chinese consumers’willingness on organic wine purchase.Based on the TRA and TPB,combine with SCT,a conceptual model is established to solve research problems.

Controlled growth of vertically stacked In_(2)Se_(3)/WSe_(2) heterostructures for ultrahigh responsivity photodetector

Transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDCs)are promising candidates for future optoelectronic devices accounting for their high carrier mobility and excellent quantum efficiency.However,the limited light absorption efficiency in atomically thin layers significantly hinders photocarrier generation,thereby impairing the optoelectronic performance and hindering practical applications.Herein,we successfully synthesized In_(2)Se_(3)/WSe_(2) heterostructures through a typical two-step chemical vapor deposition(CVD)method.The In_(2)Se_(3) nanosheet with strong light absorption capability,serving as the light absorption layer,was integrated with the monolayer WSe_(2),enhancing the photosensitivity of WSe_(2) significantly.Upon laser irradiation with a wavelength of 520 nm,the In_(2)Se_(3)/WSe_(2) heterostructure device shows an ultrahigh photoresponsivity with a value as high as 2333.5 A/W and a remarkable detectivity reaching up to 6.7×10^(12) Jones,which is the highest among almost the reported TMDCs-based heterostructures grown via CVD even some fabricated by mechanical exfoliation(ME).Combing the advantages of CVD method such as large scale,high yield,and clean interface,the In_(2)Se_(3)/WSe_(2) heterostructures would provide a novel path for future high-performance optoelectronic device.

Dielectric metasurface evolution from bulk to monolayer by strong coupling of quasi-BICs for second harmonic boosting

2D materials are promising candidates as nonlinear optical components for on-chip devices due to their ultrathin structure. In general, their nonlinear optical responses are inherently weak due to the short interaction thickness with light. Recently, there has been great interest in using quasi-bound states in the continuum (q-BICs) of dielectric metasurfaces, which are able to achieve remarkable optical near-field enhancement for elevating the second harmonic generation (SHG) emission from 2D materials. However, most studies focus on the design of combining bulk dielectric metasurfaces with unpatterned 2D materials, which suffer considerable radiation loss and limit near-field enhancement by high-quality q-BIC resonances. Here, we investigate the dielectric metasurface evolution from bulk silicon to monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), and discover the critical role of meta-atom thickness design on enhancing near-field effects of two q-BIC modes. We further introduce the strongcoupling of the two q-BIC modes by oblique incidence manipulation, and enhance the localized optical field on monolayer MoS2dramatically. In the ultraviolet and visible regions, the MoS2SHG enhancement factor of our design is 105times higher than that of conventional bulk metasurfaces, leading to an extremely high nonlinear conversion efficiency of 5.8%. Our research will provide an important theoretical guide for the design of high-performance nonlinear devices based on 2D materials.

类受体激酶调控水稻生长发育和环境适应研究进展

类受体激酶(RLKs)是一类数量庞大的跨膜蛋白激酶家族,在植物细胞之间以及细胞与环境的信号交流中发挥重要作用。RLKs的胞外区能特异识别并结合胞外信号和环境刺激因子,并通过与共受体互作将信号传递至细胞内,从而参与调控植物生长发育及环境适应性。目前已发现水稻(Oryza sativa)基因组至少含有1131个RLKs成员,接近于拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)中RLKs数目的2倍。根据胞外区的基序和结构域特征,水稻RLKs被划分为20多个亚家族。近年来,虽然有一些RLKs胞外区的配体和激酶区的作用蛋白被相继报道,但大多数水稻RLKs的生物学功能仍不明确。该文详细总结了近年来有关水稻RLKs结构和功能的重要研究进展,并展望了RLKs未来的研究方向,旨在为深入揭示RLKs的功能以及绿色高产水稻分子设计育种奠定理论基础。

Pathophysiological mechanisms and therapeutic approaches in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome(OSAS)is a common breathing disorder in sleep in which the airways narrow or collapse during sleep,causing obstructive sleep apnea.The prevalence of OSAS continues to rise worldwide,particularly in middle-aged and elderly individuals.The mechanism of upper airway collapse is incompletely understood but is associated with several factors,including obesity,craniofacial changes,altered muscle function in the upper airway,pharyngeal neuropathy,and fluid shifts to the neck.The main characteristics of OSAS are recurrent pauses in respiration,which lead to intermittent hypoxia(IH)and hypercapnia,accompanied by blood oxygen desaturation and arousal during sleep,which sharply increases the risk of several diseases.This paper first briefly describes the epidemiology,incidence,and pathophysiological mechanisms of OSAS.Next,the alterations in relevant signaling pathways induced by IH are systematically reviewed and discussed.For example,IH can induce gut microbiota(GM)dysbiosis,impair the intestinal barrier,and alter intestinal metabolites.These mechanisms ultimately lead to secondary oxidative stress,systemic inflammation,and sympathetic activation.We then summarize the effects of IH on disease pathogenesis,including cardiocerebrovascular disorders,neurological disorders,metabolic diseases,cancer,reproductive disorders,and COVID-19.Finally,different therapeutic strategies for OSAS caused by different causes are proposed.Multidisciplinary approaches and shared decision-making are necessary for the successful treatment of OSAS in the future,but more randomized controlled trials are needed for further evaluation to define what treatments are best for specific OSAS patients.

Sequential delivery of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade peptide and IDO inhibitor for immunosuppressive microenvironment remodeling via an MMP-2 responsive dual-targeting liposome

Intelligent responsive drug delivery system opens up new avenues for realizing safer and more effective combination immunotherapy.Herein,a kind of tumor cascade-targeted responsive liposome(NLG919@Lip-pep1)is developed by conjugating polypeptide inhibitor of PD-1 signal pathway(AUNP-12),which is also a targeted peptide that conjugated with liposome carrier through matrix metalloproteinase-2(MMP-2)cleavable peptide(GPLGVRGD).This targeted liposome is prepared through a mature preparation process,and indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase(IDO)inhibitor NLG919 was encapsulated into it.Moreover,mediated by the enhanced permeability and retention effect(EPR effect)and AUNP-12,NLG919@Lip-pep1 first targets the cells that highly express PD-L1 in tumor tissues.At the same time,the over-expressed MMP-2 in the tumor site triggers the dissociation of AUNP-12,thus realizing the precise block of PD-1 signal pathway,and restoring the activity of T cells.The exposure of secondary targeting moduleⅡVRGDC-NLG919@Lip mediated tumor cells targeting,and further relieved the immunosuppressive microenvironment.Overall,this study offers a potentially appealing paradigm of a high efficiency,low toxicity,and simple intelligent responsive drug delivery system for targeted drug delivery in breast cancer,which can effectively rescue and activate the body's anti-tumor immune response and furthermore achieve effective treatment of metastatic breast cancer.

A large-scale proteogenomic atlas of pear

Pear is an important fruit tree that is widely distributed around the world.The first pear genome map was reported from our laboratory approximately 10 years ago.To further study global protein expression patterns in pear,we generated pear proteome data based on 24 major tissues.The tissue-resolved profiles provided evidence of the expression of 17953 proteins.We identified 4294 new coding events and improved the pear genome annotation via the proteogenomic strategy based on 18090 peptide spectra with peptide spectrum matches>1.Among the eight randomly selected new short coding open reading frames that were expressed in the style,four promoted and one inhibited the growth of pear pollen tubes.Based on gene coexpression module analysis,we explored the key genes associated with important agronomic traits,such as stone cell formation in fruits.The network regulating the synthesis of lignin,a major component of stone cells,was reconstructed,and receptor-like kinases were implicated as core factors in this regulatory network.Moreover,we constructed the online database PearEXP(http://www.peardb.org.cn)to enable access to the pear proteogenomic resources.This study provides a paradigm for in-depth proteogenomic studies of woody plants.

Heterotrimeric G proteinγsubunit DEP1 synergistically regulates grain quality and yield by modulating the TTP(TON1-TRM-PP2A)complex in rice

Rice is the staple food for nearly half of the world’s population.The negative correlation between rice yield and quality confers breeders a major challenge in how to improve these two traits synergistically.The grain shape,including grain length,grain width,and the ratio of grain length to width,plays an important role in determining rice yield potential and end-use quality.Thus far,some genes determining grain shape and appearance quality,such as GRAIN SIZE 3(GS3)(Fan et al.,2006),GRAIN WIDTH AND WEIGHT 5(GW5)(Liu et al.,2017),GRAIN WIDTH 8(GW8)(Wang et al.,2012),GRAIN SIZE 5(GS5)(Li et al.,2011),GRAIN LENGTH 7/GRAIN WIDTH 7(GL7/GW7)(Wang et al.,2015a,2015b),GRAIN LENGTH AND WEIGHT(GLW7)(Si et al.,2016),GRAIN LENGTH 4(GL4)(Wu et al.,2017),LONG GRAIN AND HIGH YIELD 3(LGY3)(Liu et al.,2018),GRAIN SIZE 9(GS9)(Zhao et al.,2018),GRAIN LENGTH 10(GL10)(Zhan et al.,2022),and BASIC LEUCINE ZIPPER 60(Osb-ZIP60)(Yang et al.,2022),have been cloned and characterized.However,only a few genes have been demonstrated to simultaneously improve grain yield and quality,and the underlying genetic interaction and network also remain largely unknown.

Erratum Enhancing THz fingerprint detection on the planar surface of an inverted dielectric metagrating:publisher's note

The Funding section in Ref.[1]originally reads as follows:Funding.Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(2020J06009);Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics (SKLAO2020001A15);National Safety Academic Fund (U2130112);National Natural Science Foundation of China (62175205).

提高农作物氮肥利用效率的关键基因发掘与应用

在农业生产中,大量施用氮肥是农作物增产的重要措施之一.在长达半个多世纪的农作物育种史上一直占据主导地位的'绿色革命'半矮化品种具有耐高肥、抗倒伏和高产的优良特性,但同时也存在氮肥利用效率(nitrogen use efficiency, NUE)低的局限性,其高产量对于高水肥投入的依赖性很大.因此,为了提高农作物产量,不得不大量施用氮肥.但是,持续大量的氮肥投入不仅增加了种植成本,还导致了日益严重的环境污染问题.面临粮食安全和生态安全的双重挑战,协同提升农作物NUE和产量已成为可持续农业发展的唯一出路.结合我国粮食安全和农业可持续发展的迫切需求,本研究团队在植物生长发育与氮素代谢协同作用机制的研究以及氮肥高效利用的新种质培育方面取得了突破性进展.这项研究为'少投入、多产出、保护环境'的农作物设计育种提供了理论依据和技术支撑.本文简单介绍近年来NUE相关研究进展以及本研究团队在GRF4-DELLA分子模块协同调控农作物NUE和产量方面的新发现,并对该领域的未来研究方向提出几点展望.

GFRP筋及钢筋抗浮锚杆承载特性现场试验及荷载-位移模型

玻璃纤维增强聚合物(Glass fiber reinforced polymer,GFRP)锚杆是从非金属锚杆中发展出的新型复合材料锚杆,具有自重轻、抗拉强度高、造价低、抗腐蚀性能好、抗电磁干扰能力强等优点。基于某中风化花岗岩场地的GFRP筋及钢筋抗浮锚杆的破坏性拉拔试验,对抗浮锚杆在拉拔过程中锚杆杆体及锚固体的位移进行测量,分析了不同材质、不同锚固长度的抗浮锚杆的承载性能及杆体、锚固体相对滑移量的差异,对比不同荷载-位移模型并获得了最适宜岩石抗浮锚杆的荷载-位移模型。试验结果表明:在中风化花岗岩中,相同锚固长度下的GFRP抗浮锚杆比钢筋抗浮锚杆的破坏荷载增加13%~14%,GFRP抗浮锚杆更易发生杆体拔出破坏,锚固系统仍有残余承载力未发挥,使用GFRP锚杆代替钢筋锚杆具有可行性;与锚固长度为4.5 m的GFRP抗浮锚杆相比,锚固长度为6.5 m的锚杆杆体相对于锚固体的滑移量更大,增大GFRP抗浮锚杆的锚固长度可有效增加其相对滑移量,但提升钢筋抗浮锚杆的锚固长度对其破坏形态无明显影响;双曲线函数及幂函数荷载-位移曲线模型与实测值吻合度较差,指-幂函数曲线模型对本次试验锚杆的破坏荷载预测精度最高,曲线整体走势较一致。