Parkinson’s disease is a common neurodegenerative disease with movement disorders associated with the intracytoplasmic deposition of aggregate proteins such asα-synuclein in neurons.As one of the major intracellular...Parkinson’s disease is a common neurodegenerative disease with movement disorders associated with the intracytoplasmic deposition of aggregate proteins such asα-synuclein in neurons.As one of the major intracellular degradation pathways,the autophagy-lysosome pathway plays an important role in eliminating these proteins.Accumulating evidence has shown that upregulation of the autophagy-lysosome pathway may contribute to the clearance ofα-synuclein aggregates and protect against degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson’s disease.Moreover,multiple genes associated with the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease are intimately linked to alterations in the autophagy-lysosome pathway.Thus,this pathway appears to be a promising therapeutic target for treatment of Parkinson’s disease.In this review,we briefly introduce the machinery of autophagy.Then,we provide a description of the effects of Parkinson’s disease–related genes on the autophagy-lysosome pathway.Finally,we highlight the potential chemical and genetic therapeutic strategies targeting the autophagy–lysosome pathway and their applications in Parkinson’s disease.展开更多
Based on the model provided by the Mulone and Straughan [1], we relax the population which are constant and obtain the drug-free equilibrium which is global asymptotically stable under some conditions. The system has ...Based on the model provided by the Mulone and Straughan [1], we relax the population which are constant and obtain the drug-free equilibrium which is global asymptotically stable under some conditions. The system has only uniqueness positive endemic equilibrium which is globally asymptotically stable by using the second compound matrix.展开更多
Alkaline pretreatment of straw materials prior to enzyme hydrolysis is a key step for bioconversion of lignocellulose to bioethanol and chemicals.Wastewater from the alkaline pretreatment process must be treated befor...Alkaline pretreatment of straw materials prior to enzyme hydrolysis is a key step for bioconversion of lignocellulose to bioethanol and chemicals.Wastewater from the alkaline pretreatment process must be treated before discharge to minimize its environmental impact.In this study,biotreatment of the wastewater from soda-pretreatment process of corn stover was investigated using fungus Z-6,and some indexes such as color,chemical oxygen demand(COD),and lignin content of wastewater before and after biotreatment were determined to assess the effect of the biotreatment.Results showed that fungus treatment could remove color up to approximately 72%after 2 d,and decrease COD and lignin content by about 63%and 60%,respectively after 3 d.The wastewater was fractionated using dynamic ultrafiltration method,and the changes in lignin contents of the effluent fractions with different molecular weights before and after biotreatment were analyzed.Some compounds produced by the fungus during treatment were identified using gas chromatography-mass(GC-MS)spectrometer,which revealed that depolymerization of lignin occurred during the biotreatment process.展开更多
At present, the specificity of meridians and acupoints has been studied using functional brain imaging techniques from many standpoints, including meridians, acupoints, and sham acupoints, as well as different meridia...At present, the specificity of meridians and acupoints has been studied using functional brain imaging techniques from many standpoints, including meridians, acupoints, and sham acupoints, as well as different meridians and acupoints, coordination of acupoints, and factors influencing meridian and acupoint specificity Preliminary experimental data have demonstrated that acupuncture at meridians and acupoints is specific with regard to brain neural information. However, research findings are contradictory, which may be related to brain functional complexity, resolution of functional brain imaging techniques, and experimental design. Future studies should further improve study method, and should strictly control experimental conditions to better analyze experimental data and acquire more beneficial data. Because of its many advantages, the functional brain imaging technique is a promising method for studying meridian and acupoint specificity.展开更多
Hydrogen peroxide （H2O2） is generated in many metabolic processes. As a signaling molecule, H2O2 plays important roles in plant growth and development, as well as environmental stress response. In Arabidopsis, there...Hydrogen peroxide （H2O2） is generated in many metabolic processes. As a signaling molecule, H2O2 plays important roles in plant growth and development, as well as environmental stress response. In Arabidopsis, there are three catalase genes, CAT1, CAT2, and CAT3. The encoded catalases are predominately peroxisomal pro- teins and are critical for scavenging H2O2. Since CAT1 and CAT3 are linked on chromosome 1, it has been almost impossible to generate cat1/3 and cats1/2/3 mutants by traditional genetic tools. In this study, we constructed cat1/3 double mutants and cat1/22/3 triple mutants by CRISPR/Cas9 to investigate the role of catalases. The cat1/ 2/3 triple mutants displayed severe redox disturbance and growth defects under physiological conditionscompared with wild-type and the cat2/3 double mutants. Transcriptome analysis showed a more profound tran- scriptional response in the cat1/2/3 triple mutants compared to the cat2/3 mutants. These differentially expressed genes are involved in plant growth regulation as well as abiotic and biotic stress responses. In addition, expression of OXI1 （OXIDATIVE SIGNAL INDUCIBLE 1） and several MAPK cascade genes were changed dramatically in the catalase triple mutant, suggesting that H2O2 produced in peroxisomes could serve as a peroxisomal retrograde signal.展开更多
This paper considers an epidemic model of a vector-borne disease which has the vectormediated transmission only. The incidence term is of the bilinear mass-action form. It is shown that the global dynamics is complete...This paper considers an epidemic model of a vector-borne disease which has the vectormediated transmission only. The incidence term is of the bilinear mass-action form. It is shown that the global dynamics is completely determined by the basic reproduction number Ro. If Ro ≤ 1, the diseasefree equilibrium is globally stable and the disease dies out. If Ro 〉 1, a unique endemic equilibrium is globally stable in the interior of the feasible region and the disease persists at the endemic equilibrium. Numerical simulations are presented to illustrate the results.展开更多
Diabetes mellitus(DM)is one of the most common diseases in the elderly,and among DM patients,more than 90%have type 2 DM(T2DM).The etiology of T2DM is complex and associated with risk factors such as age,genetic dispo...Diabetes mellitus(DM)is one of the most common diseases in the elderly,and among DM patients,more than 90%have type 2 DM(T2DM).The etiology of T2DM is complex and associated with risk factors such as age,genetic disposition,and diet.The genetic factors underlying T2DM are currently the focus of intense research,and it has been established that the susceptibility genes associated with T2DM vary among different populations.A recent longitudinal exome-wide association study in the Japanese population has identified GGA3 as a susceptible locus for T2DM.1 GGA3 is one of the Golgi-localized-ear-containing ARF binding proteins(GGAs)that function widely in the transport of Golgi-derived vesicles and in endocytic trafficking pathways.However,although it is widely acknowledged that the control of glucose homeostasis via endocytosis and glucose metabolism plays a vital role in T2DM,the associations between intracellular trafficking and diabetes pathogenesis have not been sufficiently established.In this study,we used a Gga3 gene knockout mouse strain to investigate the potential involvement of GGA3 in controlling blood glucose.The study was approved by the ethics committee of Jining Medical University(No.2019-JS-005).Our results indicate that the GGA3 gene might play a protective role against diabetes.展开更多
An age-structured SEIR epidemic model of a vertically as well as horizontally transmitted disease is investigated. Threshold results for the existence of endemic states are established for most cases. Under certain co...An age-structured SEIR epidemic model of a vertically as well as horizontally transmitted disease is investigated. Threshold results for the existence of endemic states are established for most cases. Under certain conditions, uniqueness is also shown. Threshold used are explicitly computable in term of demographic and epiderniological parameters of the model.展开更多
Schistosomiasis is a snail-borne parasitic disease,which is affecting almost 240 million people worldwide.The number of humans affected by schistosomiasis is continuously increasing with the rise in the use of agroche...Schistosomiasis is a snail-borne parasitic disease,which is affecting almost 240 million people worldwide.The number of humans affected by schistosomiasis is continuously increasing with the rise in the use of agrochemicals.In this paper,a mathematical model is formulated and analyzed to assess the effect of agrochemicals on the transmission of schistosomiasis.The proposed model incorporates the effects of fertilizers,herbicides and insecticides on susceptible snails and snail predators along with schistosomiasis disease transmission.The existence and stability of the equilibria in the model are discussed.Sensitivity analysis is performed to identify the key parameters of the proposed model,which contributes most in the transmission of this disease.Numerical simulations are also performed to assess the impact of fertilizers,herbicides and insecticides on schistosomiasis outbreaks.Our study reveals that the agricultural pollution can enhance the transmission intensity of schistosomiasis,and in order to prevent the outbreak of schistosomiasis,the use of pesticides should be controlled.展开更多
Emerging infectious diseases are one of the global public health problems which may lead to widespread epidemics and potentially life-threatening infection.Integrated vaccination and physical distancing interventions ...Emerging infectious diseases are one of the global public health problems which may lead to widespread epidemics and potentially life-threatening infection.Integrated vaccination and physical distancing interventions are two elementary methods for preventing infectious diseases transmission.In this paper,we construct a continuous age-structured model for investigating the transmission dynamics of an emerging infection disease during a short period.We derive the basic regeneration number R 0,the spectral radius of the next generation operator K,which determines the disease outbreak or not.Furthermore,we propose an optimal control problem to take account for the cost-effectiveness of social distancing intervention and vaccination.We rigorously obtain sufficient conditions for a L1 control problem.Numerical simulations show that coupling integrated vaccination and physical distancing intervention could effectively eliminate the infection,and such control strategy is more sensitive for people aged 10e39 and over 60.展开更多
In this paper, we establish a mathematical model of two species with stage structure and the relation of predator-prey, to obtain conditions that determine the stability of the populations. By the application of compa...In this paper, we establish a mathematical model of two species with stage structure and the relation of predator-prey, to obtain conditions that determine the stability of the populations. By the application of comparing argument and exploiting the monotonicity of one equation of the model, we obtain sufficient conditions for the global attractiveness of positive equilibrium .展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82101340(to FJ).
文摘Parkinson’s disease is a common neurodegenerative disease with movement disorders associated with the intracytoplasmic deposition of aggregate proteins such asα-synuclein in neurons.As one of the major intracellular degradation pathways,the autophagy-lysosome pathway plays an important role in eliminating these proteins.Accumulating evidence has shown that upregulation of the autophagy-lysosome pathway may contribute to the clearance ofα-synuclein aggregates and protect against degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson’s disease.Moreover,multiple genes associated with the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease are intimately linked to alterations in the autophagy-lysosome pathway.Thus,this pathway appears to be a promising therapeutic target for treatment of Parkinson’s disease.In this review,we briefly introduce the machinery of autophagy.Then,we provide a description of the effects of Parkinson’s disease–related genes on the autophagy-lysosome pathway.Finally,we highlight the potential chemical and genetic therapeutic strategies targeting the autophagy–lysosome pathway and their applications in Parkinson’s disease.
文摘Based on the model provided by the Mulone and Straughan [1], we relax the population which are constant and obtain the drug-free equilibrium which is global asymptotically stable under some conditions. The system has only uniqueness positive endemic equilibrium which is globally asymptotically stable by using the second compound matrix.
基金This study was financially supported by the Key research and development project of Shandong province,China(2019GSF107009,2019JZZY020223 and 2019JZZY020807).
文摘Alkaline pretreatment of straw materials prior to enzyme hydrolysis is a key step for bioconversion of lignocellulose to bioethanol and chemicals.Wastewater from the alkaline pretreatment process must be treated before discharge to minimize its environmental impact.In this study,biotreatment of the wastewater from soda-pretreatment process of corn stover was investigated using fungus Z-6,and some indexes such as color,chemical oxygen demand(COD),and lignin content of wastewater before and after biotreatment were determined to assess the effect of the biotreatment.Results showed that fungus treatment could remove color up to approximately 72%after 2 d,and decrease COD and lignin content by about 63%and 60%,respectively after 3 d.The wastewater was fractionated using dynamic ultrafiltration method,and the changes in lignin contents of the effluent fractions with different molecular weights before and after biotreatment were analyzed.Some compounds produced by the fungus during treatment were identified using gas chromatography-mass(GC-MS)spectrometer,which revealed that depolymerization of lignin occurred during the biotreatment process.
基金Major State Basic Research Development Program of China (973 Program), No.2006CB504501
文摘At present, the specificity of meridians and acupoints has been studied using functional brain imaging techniques from many standpoints, including meridians, acupoints, and sham acupoints, as well as different meridians and acupoints, coordination of acupoints, and factors influencing meridian and acupoint specificity Preliminary experimental data have demonstrated that acupuncture at meridians and acupoints is specific with regard to brain neural information. However, research findings are contradictory, which may be related to brain functional complexity, resolution of functional brain imaging techniques, and experimental design. Future studies should further improve study method, and should strictly control experimental conditions to better analyze experimental data and acquire more beneficial data. Because of its many advantages, the functional brain imaging technique is a promising method for studying meridian and acupoint specificity.
基金funded by the Foundation for Taishan Scholar from the People’s Government of Shandong Province (tshw20130962)National Natural Science Foundation of China (31470352, 31670073, and 31600204)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2014CM002 and ZR2016CB05)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2017M612333)Research in the Zhao Laboratory was supported by the National Science Foundation (IOS-0721192 and IOS-1322796)
文摘Hydrogen peroxide （H2O2） is generated in many metabolic processes. As a signaling molecule, H2O2 plays important roles in plant growth and development, as well as environmental stress response. In Arabidopsis, there are three catalase genes, CAT1, CAT2, and CAT3. The encoded catalases are predominately peroxisomal pro- teins and are critical for scavenging H2O2. Since CAT1 and CAT3 are linked on chromosome 1, it has been almost impossible to generate cat1/3 and cats1/2/3 mutants by traditional genetic tools. In this study, we constructed cat1/3 double mutants and cat1/22/3 triple mutants by CRISPR/Cas9 to investigate the role of catalases. The cat1/ 2/3 triple mutants displayed severe redox disturbance and growth defects under physiological conditionscompared with wild-type and the cat2/3 double mutants. Transcriptome analysis showed a more profound tran- scriptional response in the cat1/2/3 triple mutants compared to the cat2/3 mutants. These differentially expressed genes are involved in plant growth regulation as well as abiotic and biotic stress responses. In addition, expression of OXI1 （OXIDATIVE SIGNAL INDUCIBLE 1） and several MAPK cascade genes were changed dramatically in the catalase triple mutant, suggesting that H2O2 produced in peroxisomes could serve as a peroxisomal retrograde signal.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.10371105 and 10671166the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province under Grant No.0312002000
文摘This paper considers an epidemic model of a vector-borne disease which has the vectormediated transmission only. The incidence term is of the bilinear mass-action form. It is shown that the global dynamics is completely determined by the basic reproduction number Ro. If Ro ≤ 1, the diseasefree equilibrium is globally stable and the disease dies out. If Ro 〉 1, a unique endemic equilibrium is globally stable in the interior of the feasible region and the disease persists at the endemic equilibrium. Numerical simulations are presented to illustrate the results.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31701247 to XL)the Supporting Fund for Teacher's Research of Jining Medical University(China)(No.JYFC2019JS001 to XZ).
文摘Diabetes mellitus(DM)is one of the most common diseases in the elderly,and among DM patients,more than 90%have type 2 DM(T2DM).The etiology of T2DM is complex and associated with risk factors such as age,genetic disposition,and diet.The genetic factors underlying T2DM are currently the focus of intense research,and it has been established that the susceptibility genes associated with T2DM vary among different populations.A recent longitudinal exome-wide association study in the Japanese population has identified GGA3 as a susceptible locus for T2DM.1 GGA3 is one of the Golgi-localized-ear-containing ARF binding proteins(GGAs)that function widely in the transport of Golgi-derived vesicles and in endocytic trafficking pathways.However,although it is widely acknowledged that the control of glucose homeostasis via endocytosis and glucose metabolism plays a vital role in T2DM,the associations between intracellular trafficking and diabetes pathogenesis have not been sufficiently established.In this study,we used a Gga3 gene knockout mouse strain to investigate the potential involvement of GGA3 in controlling blood glucose.The study was approved by the ethics committee of Jining Medical University(No.2019-JS-005).Our results indicate that the GGA3 gene might play a protective role against diabetes.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(No.0312002000 and No.0211044800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.10371105).
文摘An age-structured SEIR epidemic model of a vertically as well as horizontally transmitted disease is investigated. Threshold results for the existence of endemic states are established for most cases. Under certain conditions, uniqueness is also shown. Threshold used are explicitly computable in term of demographic and epiderniological parameters of the model.
基金This work was partially supported by the National Natural Sci-ence Foundation of China(11871415,11771017)Henan Province Distinguished Professor program.
文摘Schistosomiasis is a snail-borne parasitic disease,which is affecting almost 240 million people worldwide.The number of humans affected by schistosomiasis is continuously increasing with the rise in the use of agrochemicals.In this paper,a mathematical model is formulated and analyzed to assess the effect of agrochemicals on the transmission of schistosomiasis.The proposed model incorporates the effects of fertilizers,herbicides and insecticides on susceptible snails and snail predators along with schistosomiasis disease transmission.The existence and stability of the equilibria in the model are discussed.Sensitivity analysis is performed to identify the key parameters of the proposed model,which contributes most in the transmission of this disease.Numerical simulations are also performed to assess the impact of fertilizers,herbicides and insecticides on schistosomiasis outbreaks.Our study reveals that the agricultural pollution can enhance the transmission intensity of schistosomiasis,and in order to prevent the outbreak of schistosomiasis,the use of pesticides should be controlled.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NNSFC)(Nos.12001339,61573016,and 11771017)the Shanxi Province Science foundation(20210302123454)+1 种基金the Shanxi Province Science Foundation for Youths(No.201901D211413)the Shanxi Scholarship Council of China(No.2015-094).
文摘Emerging infectious diseases are one of the global public health problems which may lead to widespread epidemics and potentially life-threatening infection.Integrated vaccination and physical distancing interventions are two elementary methods for preventing infectious diseases transmission.In this paper,we construct a continuous age-structured model for investigating the transmission dynamics of an emerging infection disease during a short period.We derive the basic regeneration number R 0,the spectral radius of the next generation operator K,which determines the disease outbreak or not.Furthermore,we propose an optimal control problem to take account for the cost-effectiveness of social distancing intervention and vaccination.We rigorously obtain sufficient conditions for a L1 control problem.Numerical simulations show that coupling integrated vaccination and physical distancing intervention could effectively eliminate the infection,and such control strategy is more sensitive for people aged 10e39 and over 60.
基金This work is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China （10371105） and the NSF of Henan Province （031000）
文摘In this paper, we establish a mathematical model of two species with stage structure and the relation of predator-prey, to obtain conditions that determine the stability of the populations. By the application of comparing argument and exploiting the monotonicity of one equation of the model, we obtain sufficient conditions for the global attractiveness of positive equilibrium .
