长期服用唑吡坦治疗失眠对认知功能损伤机制的研究进展

非苯二氮䓬类药物(唑吡坦)适用于失眠症的短期治疗,长期大剂量使用可导致严重的不良反应。主要的不良反应包括头晕、头疼、跌倒等,严重的可能出现认知功能下降、行为异常,还有药物的耐受性、依赖性、反跳现象和戒断症状等,导致停药困难。分别从唑吡坦的作用机制、不良反应、耐受性、特殊用药等方面进行综述,阐述唑吡坦对认知功能的损伤机制,旨在为探讨长期使用唑吡坦的慢性睡眠障碍患者如何避免认知功能下降提供借鉴。

A 16-bit 18-MSPS flash-assisted SAR ADC with hybrid synchronous and asynchronous control logic

This paper presents a 16-bit,18-MSPS(million samples per second)flash-assisted successive-approximation-register(SAR)analog-to-digital converter(ADC)utilizing hybrid synchronous and asynchronous(HYSAS)timing control logic based on an on-chip delay-locked loop(DLL).The HYSAS scheme can provide a longer settling time for the capacitive digital-to-analog converter(CDAC)than the synchronous and asynchronous SAR ADC.Therefore,the issue of incomplete settling or ringing in the DAC voltage for cases of either on-chip or off-chip reference voltage can be solved to a large extent.In addition,the fore-ground calibration of the CDAC’s mismatch is performed with a finite-impulse-response bandpass filter(FIR-BPF)based least-mean-square(LMS)algorithm in an off-chip FPGA(field programmable gate array).Fabricated in 40-nm CMOS process,the proto-type ADC achieves 94.02-dB spurious-free dynamic range(SFDR),and 75.98-dB signal-to-noise-and-distortion ratio(SNDR)for a 2.88-MHz input under 18-MSPS sampling rate.

Effects of resistant starchⅢon the serum lipids levels and gut microbiota of Kunming mice under high-fat diet

Resistant starch III(RS3),as a prebiotic,provides health benefits.This study aimed to investigate the role of RS3 in lowering serum lipids and regulating gut microbiota by administering Novelose 330 to Kunming(KM)mice.The results demonstrated that RS3 intervention significantly decreased body weight,food intake,levels of serum total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),and liver fat.RS3 could remarkably improve the quality of the entire cecum,quality of the cecal wall,and wall surface area of mice;enhance the moisture content;and reduce the p H value.Moreover,the decrease in the liver TC content and the increase in the fecal TC content were related to RS3 intervention.The concentrations of total short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)in the colon and individual levels of acetate,propionate,and butyrate increased with RS3 supplementation.An Illumina-based sequencing approach showed that RS3 notably increased the Bacteroides/Firmicutes ratio in the mice fed a high-fat diet.At the genus level,the relative abundance of Bacteroides,Ruminococcus,and Bifidobacterium and the number of main SCFA producers increased in the mice fed an RS3 diet.These findings provided insights into specific gut microbiota shifts to the hypolipidemic effect of RS3.

Effects of different thermal processing methods on bioactive components,phenolic compounds,and antioxidant activities of Qingke(highland hull-less barley)

Qingke(highland hull-less barley)is a grain replete with substantial nutrients and bioactive ingredients.In this study,we evaluated the effects of boiling(BO),steaming(ST),microwave baking(MB),far-infrared baking(FB),steam explosion(SE),and deep frying(DF)on bioactive components,phenolic compounds,and antioxidant activities of Qingke compared with the effects of traditional roast(TR).Results showed that the soluble dietary fiber,beta-glucan and water-extractable pentosans of Qingke in dry heat processes of TR,SE,MB and FB had a higher content compared with other thermal methods and had a better antioxidant activity of hydroxyl radical scavenging and a better reduction capacity,while those in wet heat processes of BO and ST had a better antioxidant activity of ABTS radical scavenging and a better Fe^(2+) chelating ability.DF-and SE-Qingke had a higher content of tocopherol,phenolic,and flavonoid.Overall,6 free phenolic compounds and 12 bound phenolic compounds of Qingke were identified,and free phenolic compounds suffered more damage during thermal processing.Principal component analysis showed that SE had more advantages in retaining and improving the main biological active ingredients of Qingke,and it may be the best method for treating Qingke.

Prediction model for the initial seed clearing angles of a precision seed meter based on vector fields

Seed clearing is a critical stage during precision seed metering process to ensure high seed singulation.However,there is a lack of understanding of the dynamics in the seed clearing process.In this study,a model was developed to predict initial seed clearing angle,in the seed clearing process using vector fields.The model was applied to an existing high-speed metering device and soybean seeds,and the model was evaluated with bench testing results.Results showed that dynamic changes in forces and constraints of seeds during the seed clearing process could be abstracted as vectors,and the changes of vector directions could be described by their phase angles.The phase angles were functions of the rotational angle of the seed meter.The phase angle of the constraint boundary linearly increases with the increase of the rotational angle.The phase angle of the force fluctuates,as the rotational angle changes.Initial seed clearing angle obtained from the phase angles varies from 8°to 59°,depending on the seeder travel speed.When comparing the values of the initial seed clearing angles predicted by the model with those from the bench tests,the root mean square error(RMSE)were from 2.73 to 3.14,and the correlation(r)between predict and observer were all higher than 0.98,indicating that the model had reasonably good accuracy.

Drug resistance mutations among people living with HIV with treatment failure in Henan Province,China

To the Editor:Drug resistance mutations(DRMs)involving human deficiency virus type 1(HIV-1)diminish the efficacy of current antiretroviral therapy(ART)regimens,resulting in treatment failure.A better understanding of the prevalence of local DRMs that lead to ART failure can provide valuable data for clinical-and government-level decision-making.The DRM status of people living with HIV(PLWH)refractory to ART(viral load>200 copies/mL)was assessed based on analysis of plasma samples derived from PLWH in the Sixth People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou from June 2018 to April 2022.Further,the partial polymerase(pol)and complete integrase gene-coding sequences were amplified,sequenced,and analyzed to identify DRMs.This study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee of the Sixth People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou(No.2019-04).All participants signed written informed consent before sample collection.

Building Load Forecasting Using Deep Neural Network with Efficient Feature Fusion

The energy consumption of buildings has risen steadily in recent years. It is vital for the managers and owners of the building to manage the electric energy demand of the buildings. Forecasting electric energy consumption of the buildings will bring great profits, which is influenced by many factors that make it very difficult to provide an advanced forecasting. Recently, deep learning techniques are widely adopted to solve this problem. Deep neural network offers an excellent capability in handling complex non-linear relationships and competence in exploring regular patterns and uncertainties of consumption behaviors at the building level. In this paper, we propose a deep convolutional neural network based on Res Net for hour-ahead building load forecasting. In addition, we design a branch that integrates the temperature per hour into the forecasting branch. To enhance the learning capability of the model, an innovative feature fusion is presented. At last, sufficient ablation studies are conducted on the point forecasting, probabilistic forecasting, fusion method, and computation efficiency.The results show that the proposed model has the state-of-theart performance, which reflects a promising prospect in application of the electricity market.

Vibration-assisted material damage mechanism:From indentation cracks to scratch cracks

Vibration-assisted grinding is one of the most promising technologies for manufacturing optical components due to its efficiency and quality advantages.However,the damage and crack propagation mechanisms of materials in vibration-assisted grinding are not well understood.In order to elucidate the mechanism of abrasive scratching during vibration-assisted grinding,a kinematic model of vibration scratching was developed.The influence of process parameters on the evolution of vibration scratches to indentation or straight scratches is revealed by displacement metrics and velocity metrics.Indentation,scratch and vibration scratch experiments were performed on quartz glass,and the results showed that the vibration scratch cracks are a combination of indentation cracks and scratch cracks.Vibration scratch cracks change from indentation cracks to scratch cracks as the indenter moves from the entrance to the exit of the workpiece or as the vibration frequency changes from high to low.A vertical vibration scratch stress field model is established for the first time,which reveals that the maximum principal stress and tensile stress distribution is the fundamental cause for inducing the transformation of the vibration scratch cracking system.This model provides a theoretical basis for understanding of the mechanism of material damage and crack propagation during vibration-assisted grinding.