Reverse electrodialysis(RED)is an emerging membrane-based technology for the production of renewable energy from mixing waters with different salinities.Herein,the impact of the stack configuration on the Ohmic and no...Reverse electrodialysis(RED)is an emerging membrane-based technology for the production of renewable energy from mixing waters with different salinities.Herein,the impact of the stack configuration on the Ohmic and non-Ohmic resistances as well as the performance of RED were systematically studied by using in situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS).Three different parameters(membrane type,number of cell pairs and spacer design)were controlled.The Ohmic and non-Ohmic resistances were evaluated for RED stacks equipped with two types of commercial membranes(Type I and Type II)supplied by Fujifilm Manufacturing Europe B.V:Type I Fuji membranes displayed higher Ohmic and non-Ohmic resistances than Type II membranes,which was mainly attributed to the difference in fixed charge density.The output power of the stack was observed to decrease with the increasing number of cell pairs mainly due to the increase in ionic shortcut currents.With the reduction in spacer thickness from 750 to 200μm,the permselectivity of membranes in the stack decreased from 0.86 to 0.79 whereas the energy efificiency losses increased from 31%to 49%.Overall,the output of the present study provides a basis for understanding the impact of stack design on internal losses during the scaling-up of RED.展开更多
基金The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from Tianjin Enterprise Science and Technology Commissioner Project(No.19JCTPJC46900)Tianjin Municipal Education Commission Research Plan Projects(Nos.2018KJ161 and TJPU2k20170112)+5 种基金Tianjin Chengjian University research fund(No.180501412)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2018YFC1903203)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(2020CDJQY-A017)Chongqing Technological Innovation and Application Development Project(No.cstc2019jscx-tjsbX0002)The work described in this paper was also partially supported by a grant from the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administration Region,China(No.C7051-17G)Tao Lei from Metrohm China is also gratefully acknowledged for providing useful information about Metrohm Autolab potensiostat.The financial support of the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions IF Grant agreement(No.748683)is gratefully acknowledged.
文摘Reverse electrodialysis(RED)is an emerging membrane-based technology for the production of renewable energy from mixing waters with different salinities.Herein,the impact of the stack configuration on the Ohmic and non-Ohmic resistances as well as the performance of RED were systematically studied by using in situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS).Three different parameters(membrane type,number of cell pairs and spacer design)were controlled.The Ohmic and non-Ohmic resistances were evaluated for RED stacks equipped with two types of commercial membranes(Type I and Type II)supplied by Fujifilm Manufacturing Europe B.V:Type I Fuji membranes displayed higher Ohmic and non-Ohmic resistances than Type II membranes,which was mainly attributed to the difference in fixed charge density.The output power of the stack was observed to decrease with the increasing number of cell pairs mainly due to the increase in ionic shortcut currents.With the reduction in spacer thickness from 750 to 200μm,the permselectivity of membranes in the stack decreased from 0.86 to 0.79 whereas the energy efificiency losses increased from 31%to 49%.Overall,the output of the present study provides a basis for understanding the impact of stack design on internal losses during the scaling-up of RED.
