Abutment piles in soft ground may be subjected to both vertical and horizontal soil movements resulting from approach embankment loads. To constrain the soil movements, the soft soil ground beneath the approach embank...Abutment piles in soft ground may be subjected to both vertical and horizontal soil movements resulting from approach embankment loads. To constrain the soil movements, the soft soil ground beneath the approach embankment is often improved using composite pile foundations, which aim at mitigating the bump induced by high-speed trains passing through the bridge. So far, there is limited literature on exploring the influence of the degree of ground improvement on abutment piles installed in soft soil grounds. In this paper, a series of three-dimensional （3D） centrifuge model tests was performed on an approach embankment over a silty clay deposit improved by cement-fly ash-gravel （CFG） piles combined with geogrid. Emphasis is placed on the effects of ground replacement ratio （m） on the responses of the abutment piles induced by embankment loads. Meanwhile, a numerical study was conducted with varying ground replacement ratio of the pile-reinforced grounds. Results show that the performance of the abutment piles is significantly improved when reinforcing the ground with CFG piles beneath the approach embankment. Interestingly, there is a threshold value of the replacement ratio of around 4.9% above which the effect of CFG pile foundations is limited. This implies that it is essential to optimize the ground improvement for having a cost-effective design while minimizing the risk of the bump at the end of bridge.展开更多
Poly-crystalline silicon thin film has big potential of reducing the cost of solar cells. In this paper the preparation of thin film is introduced, and then the morphology of poly-crystalline thin film, is discussed. ...Poly-crystalline silicon thin film has big potential of reducing the cost of solar cells. In this paper the preparation of thin film is introduced, and then the morphology of poly-crystalline thin film, is discussed. On the film we developed poly-crystalline silicon thin film solar cells with efficiency up to 6.05% without anti-reflection coating.展开更多
Polycrystalline silicon thin films were prepared by RTCVD (rapid thermal chemica l vapor deposition) method on several substrates such as SSP (silicon sheet from powder) ribbon, poly-Si wafer and mono-Si wafer. Intra-...Polycrystalline silicon thin films were prepared by RTCVD (rapid thermal chemica l vapor deposition) method on several substrates such as SSP (silicon sheet from powder) ribbon, poly-Si wafer and mono-Si wafer. Intra-granular defects such as stacking faults, twins and microstructure defects were investigated on thin fil ms by scan electron microscopy (SEM) technique.展开更多
基金funded by the Science and Technology Department of Railway Ministry (Grant No. Z2012061)
文摘Abutment piles in soft ground may be subjected to both vertical and horizontal soil movements resulting from approach embankment loads. To constrain the soil movements, the soft soil ground beneath the approach embankment is often improved using composite pile foundations, which aim at mitigating the bump induced by high-speed trains passing through the bridge. So far, there is limited literature on exploring the influence of the degree of ground improvement on abutment piles installed in soft soil grounds. In this paper, a series of three-dimensional （3D） centrifuge model tests was performed on an approach embankment over a silty clay deposit improved by cement-fly ash-gravel （CFG） piles combined with geogrid. Emphasis is placed on the effects of ground replacement ratio （m） on the responses of the abutment piles induced by embankment loads. Meanwhile, a numerical study was conducted with varying ground replacement ratio of the pile-reinforced grounds. Results show that the performance of the abutment piles is significantly improved when reinforcing the ground with CFG piles beneath the approach embankment. Interestingly, there is a threshold value of the replacement ratio of around 4.9% above which the effect of CFG pile foundations is limited. This implies that it is essential to optimize the ground improvement for having a cost-effective design while minimizing the risk of the bump at the end of bridge.
基金This work was supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences within the Hundred Talent Project(No.99-019-422288)National High Technical Research and Development Programme of China(No.2001AA513060).
文摘Poly-crystalline silicon thin film has big potential of reducing the cost of solar cells. In this paper the preparation of thin film is introduced, and then the morphology of poly-crystalline thin film, is discussed. On the film we developed poly-crystalline silicon thin film solar cells with efficiency up to 6.05% without anti-reflection coating.
基金This work was supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences within"The Hundred Talent Projecr"(99-019-122288)National High Technical Research and Development Programme of China(No.2001AA513060)+1 种基金the 10th Five-Year Plan of Guangdong Province(A1100501)the National Natural Science Fundation of China(No.50376067).
文摘Polycrystalline silicon thin films were prepared by RTCVD (rapid thermal chemica l vapor deposition) method on several substrates such as SSP (silicon sheet from powder) ribbon, poly-Si wafer and mono-Si wafer. Intra-granular defects such as stacking faults, twins and microstructure defects were investigated on thin fil ms by scan electron microscopy (SEM) technique.
