The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the definition of a European perspective on Digital Earth(DE),identify some actions that can contribute to raise the awareness of DE in the European context and thus stren...The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the definition of a European perspective on Digital Earth(DE),identify some actions that can contribute to raise the awareness of DE in the European context and thus strengthen the European contribution to the International Society for Digital Earth(ISDE).The paper identifies opportunities and synergies with the current policy priorities in Europe(Europe 2020,Innovation Union and Digital Agenda)and highlights a number of key areas to advance the development of DE from a European perspective:(1)integrating scientific research into DE;(2)exploiting the Observation Web with human-centred sensing;and(3)governance,including the establishment of stronger linkages across the European landscape of funding streams and initiatives.The paper is offered also as a contribution to the development of this new vision of DE to be presented at the next International DE Conference in Perth,Australia,in August 2011.The global recognition of this new vision will then reinforce the European component and build a positive feedback loop for the further implementation of DE across the globe.展开更多
Transparency and Accountability(T&A)interventions are emergent social technologies in middle and low-income countries.They bring together citizen sensors,mobile communications,geo-browsers and social organization ...Transparency and Accountability(T&A)interventions are emergent social technologies in middle and low-income countries.They bring together citizen sensors,mobile communications,geo-browsers and social organization to raise public awareness on the extent of governance deficits,and monitor government’s(in)action.Due to their novelty,almost all we know about the effectiveness of T&A interventions comes from gray literature.Can citizen sensors radically increase the transparency of the state,or are changes brought about by T&A interventions more likely to be incremental?We review the literature on transparency policies and describe their drivers,characteristics and supply-demand dynamics.We discuss promising cases of T&A interventions in East Africa,the empirical focus of an on-going collaborative research program.We conclude that the effect of T&A interventions is more likely to be incremental and mediated by existing organizations and professional users who populate the space between the state and citizens.Two elements at the interface between supply and demand seem rather crucial for designers of T&A interventions:accountability-relevant data and extreme publics.展开更多
文摘The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the definition of a European perspective on Digital Earth(DE),identify some actions that can contribute to raise the awareness of DE in the European context and thus strengthen the European contribution to the International Society for Digital Earth(ISDE).The paper identifies opportunities and synergies with the current policy priorities in Europe(Europe 2020,Innovation Union and Digital Agenda)and highlights a number of key areas to advance the development of DE from a European perspective:(1)integrating scientific research into DE;(2)exploiting the Observation Web with human-centred sensing;and(3)governance,including the establishment of stronger linkages across the European landscape of funding streams and initiatives.The paper is offered also as a contribution to the development of this new vision of DE to be presented at the next International DE Conference in Perth,Australia,in August 2011.The global recognition of this new vision will then reinforce the European component and build a positive feedback loop for the further implementation of DE across the globe.
文摘Transparency and Accountability(T&A)interventions are emergent social technologies in middle and low-income countries.They bring together citizen sensors,mobile communications,geo-browsers and social organization to raise public awareness on the extent of governance deficits,and monitor government’s(in)action.Due to their novelty,almost all we know about the effectiveness of T&A interventions comes from gray literature.Can citizen sensors radically increase the transparency of the state,or are changes brought about by T&A interventions more likely to be incremental?We review the literature on transparency policies and describe their drivers,characteristics and supply-demand dynamics.We discuss promising cases of T&A interventions in East Africa,the empirical focus of an on-going collaborative research program.We conclude that the effect of T&A interventions is more likely to be incremental and mediated by existing organizations and professional users who populate the space between the state and citizens.Two elements at the interface between supply and demand seem rather crucial for designers of T&A interventions:accountability-relevant data and extreme publics.
