化学实验安全课程思政教学案例——以实验室常见仪器设备及玻璃装置安全使用为例

实验室常见仪器设备及玻璃装置的安全使用是实验室必备的知识和技能。本案例将专业知识与思政元素有机融合,将实验室常见仪器设备及玻璃装置进行安全实验与实验室安全事故及实际生活相联系,围绕学生核心素养为导向的多融合教学设计与实施,进一步强化了学生的安全与环保意识,激发了学生的学习兴趣,并对MOOC中相应知识进行了延伸、拓展和补充,培养了学生的知识迁移能力,让学生充分认识到实验室仪器设备及玻璃装置安全使用对保障实验安全以及国家安全稳定的重要意义。增强了学生的社会责任感,对提升学生的能力和素质发挥了良好作用。

化学实验安全课程思政的教学设计与探索——以黑龙江大学“化学实验安全”课程为例

分析了当前高校实验室安全教育课程思政存在的问题,阐述了“课程思政”在实验室安全教育中的育人意义,结合实验室安全教育课程的基本特征,总结了课程围绕教学目标、教学内容、教学方法、教学评价、师资队伍五个层面进行的课程思政教学设计与探索。构建的课程思政教学体系在培养学生化学实验安全知识和技能的同时,提升了学生的安全意识、家国情怀、品德修为、科学精神,助力于培养德才兼备的新时代高素质化学人才。

烧结温度对石墨烯填充聚醚醚酮/聚四氟乙烯摩擦磨损性能的影响

为探究石墨烯填充聚醚醚酮/聚四氟乙烯(PEEK/PTFE)复合材料制备过程中烧结温度对复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响,基于分子动力学模拟研究方法,分别构建10%PEEK/PTFE和1%石墨烯/10%PEEK/PTFE体系模型,通过模拟复合材料制备过程中不同的烧结温度,得到复合材料对应的力学和摩擦学性能相关参数。在不同烧结温度制得10%PEEK/PTFE和1%石墨烯/10%PEEK/PTFE样品,进行了摩擦磨损试验及磨损形貌分析。结果表明,采用石墨烯填充PEEK/PTFE复合材料可以有效改善复合材料的摩擦磨损特性,不同烧结温度对复合材料分子间作用力、材料力学特性和摩擦特性表现出不同程度的影响,当烧结温度为360℃时,复合材料分子间作用力、材料力学特性和摩擦特性均达到峰值。

基于斜塔芳烃的晶体工程研究

凭借固有的分子识别和络合能力,大环主体分子一直是超分子化学研究所依赖的重要工具,同时也大力地推动了现代超分子化学的蓬勃发展并从基础研究走向实际应用。斜塔芳烃做为一类新型芳烃大环受体具有易溶解、易结晶、良好的骨架柔性和主客体化学性质等特点和优势,自其诞生以来便在晶体工程和相关研究领域得到广泛应用和发展。本文将从晶体工程角度出发来介绍若干有关斜塔芳烃的应用研究实例,重点突出结构与功能之间的内在关联,以期提高学生对晶体化学及其交叉学科的学习兴趣和内在驱动力。

Mechanistic investigation on Ag-Cu_(2)O in electrocatalytic CO_(2) to CH_(4) by in situ/operando spectroscopic and theoretical analysis

Silver-copper electrocatalysts have demonstrated effectively catalytic performance in electroreduction CO_(2) toward CH_(4),yet a revealing insight into the reaction pathway and mechanism has remained elusive.Herein,we construct chemically bonded Ag-Cu_(2)O boundaries,in which the complete reduction of Cu_(2)O to Cu has been strongly impeded owing to the presence of surface Ag shell.The interfacial confinement effect helps to maintain Cu^(+)sites at the Ag-Cu_(2)O boundaries.Using in situ/operando spectroscopy and theoretical simulations,it is revealed that CO_(2) is enriched at the Ag-Cu_(2)O boundaries due to the enhanced physisorption and chemisorption to CO_(2),activating CO_(2) to form the stable intermediate^(*)CO.The boundaries between Ag shell and the Cu_(2)O mediate local^(*)CO coverage and promote^(*)CHO intermediate formation,consequently facilitating CO_(2)-to-CH_(4) conversion.This work not only reveals the structure-activity relationships but also offers insights into the reaction mechanism on Ag-Cu catalysts for efficient electrocatalytic CO_(2) reduction.

High responsivity photodetectors based on graphene/WSe_(2) heterostructure by photogating effect

Graphene, with its zero-bandgap electronic structure, is a highly promising ultra-broadband light absorbing material.However, the performance of graphene-based photodetectors is limited by weak absorption efficiency and rapid recombination of photoexcited carriers, leading to poor photodetection performance. Here, inspired by the photogating effect, we demonstrated a highly sensitive photodetector based on graphene/WSe_(2) vertical heterostructure where the WSe_(2) layer acts as both the light absorption layer and the localized grating layer. The graphene conductive channel is induced to produce more carriers by capacitive coupling. Due to the strong light absorption and high external quantum efficiency of multilayer WSe_(2), as well as the high carrier mobility of graphene, a high photocurrent is generated in the vertical heterostructure. As a result, the photodetector exhibits ultra-high responsivity of 3.85×10~4A/W and external quantum efficiency of 1.3 × 10~7%.This finding demonstrates that photogating structures can effectively enhance the sensitivity of graphene-based photodetectors and may have great potential applications in future optoelectronic devices.

RYR1基因突变和表达异常在胃癌发生发展中作用机制研究

目的:探讨RYR1基因与胃癌发生发展的相关性以及RYR1促进胃癌恶性进展的作用机制。方法:分析TCGA数据库胃癌患者数据,并回顾性选取2010年12月至2012年12月就诊于天津医科大学肿瘤医院的81例胃癌患者的组织样本进行高通量靶向测序和转录组测序(TJMUCH队列),收集临床病理信息,比较RYR1基因突变与表达之间相关性,分析RYR1基因对胃癌患者预后的影响,构建RYR1过表达细胞系探索RYR1促进胃癌发生发展的作用机制。结果:在TCGA数据库胃癌患者中,亚洲人群RYR1突变率更高(12.68%vs. 8.13%),在TJMUCH队列胃癌患者中,RYR1基因突变率位于第9位,突变率为33.33%。RYR1突变与表达水平显著负相关(P=0.006 9,P<0.000 1),但RYR1高表达患者的总生存期显著差于低表达RYR1患者(P=0.009 0,P=0.042 0)。RYR1的过表达会促进细胞增殖、迁移、侵袭,减少凋亡,且可下调胃癌细胞对化疗药物的敏感性。抑制RYR1介导的钙离子过度释放可以抑制其恶性生物学行为,并逆转化疗耐药。结论:RYR1基因在亚洲胃癌患者中突变率较高,RYR1突变与表达水平显著负相关,RYR1高表达是胃癌新的预后预测标志物。RYR1过表达可增加内质网钙离子释放而促进胃癌恶性进展,并产生化疗抵抗。靶向阻断RYR1活性可抑制胃癌细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭,并逆转化疗药抵抗,为胃癌的联合治疗提供新思路。

Generation of mitochondrial replacement monkeys by female pronucleus transfer

Mutations in mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA)are maternally inherited and have the potential to cause severe disorders.Mitochondrial replacement therapies,including spindle,polar body,and pronuclear transfers,are promising strategies for preventing the hereditary transmission of mtDNA diseases.While pronuclear transfer has been used to generate mitochondrial replacement mouse models and human embryos,its application in non-human primates has not been previously reported.In this study,we successfully generated four healthy cynomolgus monkeys(Macaca fascicularis)via female pronuclear transfer.These individuals all survived for more than two years and exhibited minimal mtDNA carryover(3.8%–6.7%),as well as relatively stable mtDNA heteroplasmy dynamics during development.The successful establishment of this nonhuman primate model highlights the considerable potential of pronuclear transfer in reducing the risk of inherited mtDNA diseases and provides a valuable preclinical research model for advancing mitochondrial replacement therapies in humans.

氧化苦参碱对小鼠皮肤屏障功能障碍的修复作用研究

探讨氧化苦参碱(OMT)乳膏对小鼠皮肤屏障功能的修复作用。将70只雄性ICR小鼠随机分为7组,除正常组小鼠外,采用胶带粘贴法模拟机械损伤,复制皮肤屏障功能障碍小鼠模型。造模后经皮连续给药5天,拍摄照片并测定造模区域的经表皮失水量(TEWL)。实验结束后,HE染色观察皮肤组织形态学变化,酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测皮肤组织中肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-8(IL-8)的含量,通过实时定量PCR(RT-qPCR)检测紧密连接蛋白(ZO-1)、丝聚蛋白(FLG)、水通道蛋白3(AQP3)mRNA的表达量,通过Western blot检测屏障相关蛋白如封闭蛋白(OCC)、FLG、紧密连接蛋白(Claudin)的表达量。结果显示,与模型组相比,OMT各剂量组均能降低皮肤TEWL,减轻炎症浸润,改善皮肤病理状态,同时高剂组皮肤组织中TNF-α等炎症因子的含量显著降低(P<0.05),ZO-1、FLG m RNA及OCC、FLG、Claudin蛋白的表达显著升高(P<0.05)。因此,OMT具有修复皮肤屏障功能的作用。

“双高计划”背景下工科类人才培养创新研究——以画法几何及机械制图课程改革为例

《关于实施中国特色高水平高职学校和专业建设计划的意见》(以下简称“双高计划”)对新时代高职教育发展提出了要求、指明了方向、明确了任务。“双高计划”以立德树人为根本、以提升质量为核心、以内涵式发展为主线、以世界水平的高职学校和专业群建设为抓手,从产教融合、师资建设、服务水平等多维度提升高职教育发展质量,有针对性地破解高职教育在发展中的瓶颈问题,以形成中国特色职业教育的发展模式,打造中国职业教育的国际品牌。文章以画法几何及机械制图课程为例,探讨“双高计划”背景下课程改革思路和实践教学方法,提出通过调整课程内容、创新教学手段、拓展实践环节等措施,来提高学生的实践能力和职业素养,提升画法几何及机械制图课程改革成效。

基于改进德尔菲法的公路货运站站级标准划分研究

在分析现有公路货运站站级标准划分依据以及国内外中小企业划分依据的基础上,从设施设备、资产、经营状况、管理及服务4个方面,初步选取了10个指标作为公路货运站站级标准划分依据,采用问卷调查的方式,选择16名专家对初步提出的10个指标的重要性进行评判,分别采用模糊德尔菲法和灰色德尔菲法分析10个指标的相对重要性,对比分析两种不确定性方法的计算结果,并采用交集的原则确定公路货运站站级标准划分依据。研究结果表明:选取占地面积、处理能力和注册资金3个指标作为公路货运站站级标准划分依据是相对科学、合理的。

Exosomes derived from microglia overexpressing miR-124-3p alleviate neuronal endoplasmic reticulum stress damage after repetitive mild traumatic brain injury

We previously reported that miR-124-3p is markedly upregulated in microglia-derived exosomes following repetitive mild traumatic brain injury.However,its impact on neuronal endoplasmic reticulum stress following repetitive mild traumatic brain injury remains unclear.In this study,we first used an HT22 scratch injury model to mimic traumatic brain injury,then co-cultured the HT22 cells with BV2 microglia expressing high levels of miR-124-3p.We found that exosomes containing high levels of miR-124-3p attenuated apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress.Furthermore,luciferase reporter assay analysis confirmed that miR-124-3p bound specifically to the endoplasmic reticulum stress-related protein IRE1α,while an IRE1αfunctional salvage experiment confirmed that miR-124-3p targeted IRE1αand reduced its expression,thereby inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress in injured neurons.Finally,we delivered microglia-derived exosomes containing miR-124-3p intranasally to a mouse model of repetitive mild traumatic brain injury and found that endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis levels in hippocampal neurons were significantly reduced.These findings suggest that,after repetitive mild traumatic brain injury,miR-124-3 can be transferred from microglia-derived exosomes to injured neurons,where it exerts a neuroprotective effect by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress.Therefore,microglia-derived exosomes containing miR-124-3p may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for repetitive mild traumatic brain injury.

Melatonin improves synapse development by PI3K/Akt signaling in a mouse model of autism spectrum disorder

Autism spectrum disorders are a group of neurodevelopmental disorders involving more than 1100 genes,including Ctnnd2 as a candidate gene.Ctnnd2knockout mice,serving as an animal model of autis m,have been demonstrated to exhibit decreased density of dendritic spines.The role of melatonin,as a neuro hormone capable of effectively alleviating social interaction deficits and regulating the development of dendritic spines,in Ctnnd2 deletion-induced nerve injury remains unclea r.In the present study,we discove red that the deletion of exon 2 of the Ctnnd2 gene was linked to social interaction deficits,spine loss,impaired inhibitory neurons,and suppressed phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(Akt) signal pathway in the prefrontal cortex.Our findings demonstrated that the long-term oral administration of melatonin for 28 days effectively alleviated the aforementioned abnormalities in Ctnnd2 gene-knockout mice.Furthermore,the administration of melatonin in the prefro ntal cortex was found to improve synaptic function and activate the PI3K/Akt signal pathway in this region.The pharmacological blockade of the PI3K/Akt signal pathway with a PI3K/Akt inhibitor,wo rtmannin,and melatonin receptor antagonists,luzindole and 4-phenyl-2-propionamidotetralin,prevented the melatonin-induced enhancement of GABAergic synaptic function.These findings suggest that melatonin treatment can ameliorate GABAe rgic synaptic function by activating the PI3K/Akt signal pathway,which may contribute to the improvement of dendritic spine abnormalities in autism spectrum disorders.

Establishing VIGS and CRISPR/Cas9 techniques to verify RsPDS function in radish

Virus-induced gene silencing(VIGS)and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein(CRISPR/Cas)systems are effective technologies for rapid and accurate gene function verification in modern plant biotechnology.However,the investigation of gene silencing and editing in radish remains limited.In this study,a bleaching phenotype was generated through the knockdown of RsPDS using tobacco rattle virus(TRV)-and turnip yellow mosaic virus(TYMV)-mediated gene silencing vectors.The TYMV-mediated gene silencing efficiency was higher than the TRV-based VIGS system in radish.The expression level of RsPDS was significantly inhibited using VIGS in'NAU-067'radish leaves.The rootless seedlings of‘NAU-067'were infected with Agrobacterium rhizogenes using the 2300GN-Ubi-RsPDS-Cas9 vector with two target sequences.Nine adventitious roots were blue with GUs staining,and four of these adventitious roots were edited at target sequence 1 of the RsPDS gene as indicated by Sanger sequencing.Furthermore,albino lines were generated with A.tumefaciens-mediated transformation of radish cotyledons.Five base substitutions and three base deletions occurred at target sequence 2 in Line 1,and three base insertions and three base substitutions occurred at target sequence 1 in Line 2.This study shows that VIGS and CRISPR/Cas9 techniques can be employed to precisely verify the biological functions of genes in radish,which will facilitate the genetic improvement of vital horticultural traits in radish breeding programs.

Metabotropic glutamate receptors(mGluRs)in epileptogenesis:an update on abnormal mGluRs signaling and its therapeutic implications

Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by high morbidity,high recurrence,and drug resistance.Enhanced signaling through the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate is intricately associated with epilepsy.Metabotropic glutamate receptors(mGluRs)are G protein-coupled receptors activated by glutamate and are key regulators of neuronal and synaptic plasticity.Dysregulated mGluR signaling has been associated with various neurological disorders,and numerous studies have shown a close relationship between mGluRs expression/activity and the development of epilepsy.In this review,we first introduce the three groups of mGluRs and their associated signaling pathways.Then,we detail how these receptors influence epilepsy by describing the signaling cascades triggered by their activation and their neuroprotective or detrimental roles in epileptogenesis.In addition,strategies for pharmacological manipulation of these receptors during the treatment of epilepsy in experimental studies is also summarized.We hope that this review will provide a foundation for future studies on the development of mGluR-targeted antiepileptic drugs.

Enhancing the stability of Ni Fe-layered double hydroxide nanosheet array for alkaline seawater oxidation by Ce doping

Electrocatalytic hydrogen production from seawater holds enormous promise for clean energy generation.Nevertheless,the direct electrolysis of seawater encounters significant challenges due to poor anodic stability caused by detrimental chlorine chemistry.Herein,we present our recent discovery that the incorporation of Ce into Ni Fe layered double hydroxide nanosheet array on Ni foam(Ce-Ni Fe LDH/NF)emerges as a robust electrocatalyst for seawater oxidation.During the seawater oxidation process,CeO_(2)is generated,effectively repelling Cl^(-)and inhibiting the formation of Cl O-,resulting in a notable enhancement in the oxidation activity and stability of alkaline seawater.The prepared Ce-Ni Fe LDH/NF requires only overpotential of 390 m V to achieve the current density of 1 A cm^(-2),while maintaining long-term stability for 500 h,outperforming the performance of Ni Fe LDH/NF(430 m V,150 h)by a significant margin.This study highlights the effectiveness of a Ce-doping strategy in augmenting the activity and stability of materials based on Ni Fe LDH in seawater electrolysis for oxygen evolution.

Hard-carbon hybrid Li-ion/metal anode enabled by preferred mesoporous uniform lithium growth mechanism

To achieve high energy density in lithium batteries,the construction of lithium-ion/metal hybrid anodes is a promising strategy.In particular,because of the anisotropy of graphite,hybrid anode formed by graphite/Li metal has low transport kinetics and is easy to causes the growth of lithium dendrites and accumulation of dead Li,which seriously affects the cycle life of batteries and even causes safety problems.Here,by comparing graphite with two types of hard carbon,it was found that hybrid anode formed by hard carbon and lithium metal,possessing more disordered mesoporous structure and lithophilic groups,presents better performance.Results indicate that the mesoporous structure provides abundant active site and storage space for dead lithium.With the synergistic effect of this structure and lithophilic functional groups(–COOH),the reversibility of hard carbon/lithium metal hybrid anode is maintained,promoting uniform deposition of lithium metal and alleviating formation of lithium dendrites.The hybrid anode maintains a 99.5%Coulombic efficiency(CE)after 260 cycles at a specific capacity of 500 m Ah/g.This work provides new insights into the hybrid anodes formed by carbon-based materials and lithium metal with high specific energy and fast charging ability.

Maximum Correntropy Criterion-Based UKF for Loosely Coupling INS and UWB in Indoor Localization

Indoor positioning is a key technology in today’s intelligent environments,and it plays a crucial role in many application areas.This paper proposed an unscented Kalman filter(UKF)based on the maximum correntropy criterion(MCC)instead of the minimummean square error criterion(MMSE).This innovative approach is applied to the loose coupling of the Inertial Navigation System(INS)and Ultra-Wideband(UWB).By introducing the maximum correntropy criterion,the MCCUKF algorithm dynamically adjusts the covariance matrices of the system noise and the measurement noise,thus enhancing its adaptability to diverse environmental localization requirements.Particularly in the presence of non-Gaussian noise,especially heavy-tailed noise,the MCCUKF exhibits superior accuracy and robustness compared to the traditional UKF.The method initially generates an estimate of the predicted state and covariance matrix through the unscented transform(UT)and then recharacterizes the measurement information using a nonlinear regression method at the cost of theMCC.Subsequently,the state and covariance matrices of the filter are updated by employing the unscented transformation on the measurement equations.Moreover,to mitigate the influence of non-line-of-sight(NLOS)errors positioning accuracy,this paper proposes a k-medoid clustering algorithm based on bisection k-means(Bikmeans).This algorithm preprocesses the UWB distance measurements to yield a more precise position estimation.Simulation results demonstrate that MCCUKF is robust to the uncertainty of UWB and realizes stable integration of INS and UWB systems.

MMAE-loaded PLGA nanomedicine with improved biosafety to achieve efficient antitumor treatment

Monomethyl auristatin E(MMAE)is a derivative of the marine peptide Dolastatin 10,which has therapeutic effects against various cancers according to its antimitotic activity in multiple clinical trials.The antibody drug conjugate(ADC)of MMAE is currently used in clinical practice.However,the safety issues of MMAE-based ADC,such as high drug toxicity and poor bioavailability,still exist when using it for anticancer therapy.A sustained release of drug delivery approach should be used to reduce toxicity and achieve sufficient anticancer effects.Herein,PLGA-b-PEG 2000 with excellent biocompatibility and slow degradation ability was adopted to construct MMAE-loaded nanoparticles for safe and effective chemotherapy.The sustained release effect and the immunogenic cell death(ICD)effect of PLGA-MMAE nanoparticles were assessed by in vitro experiments.The PLGA-MMAE nanoparticles effectively accumulated in the tumor through the enhanced permeability and retention(EPR)effect,inducing cell apoptosis and causing a certain degree of immune response.The sustained drug release of PLGA-MMAE improved the bioavailability and effectively reduced the toxicity and development of the tumor compared to the effect of free MMAE or ADC.Overall,this study provides a safe and effective chemotherapeutic approach,as well as a simple and effective synthetic process for MMAE-based nanoparticles,improving their therapeutic efficacy and safety.

The deteriorated degradation resistance of Mg alloy microtubes for vascular stent under the coupling effect of radial compressive stress and dynamic medium

The degradation of Mg alloys relates to the service performance of Mg alloy biodegradable implants.In order to investigate the degradation behavior of Mg alloys as vascular stent materials in the near service environment,the hot-extruded fine-grained Mg-Zn-Y-Nd alloy microtubes,which are employed to manufacture vascular stents,were tested under radial compressive stress in the dynamic Hanks'Balanced Salt Solution(HBSS).The results revealed that the high flow rate accelerates the degradation of Mg alloy microtubes and its degradation is sensitive to radial compressive stress.These results contribute to understanding the service performance of Mg alloys as vascular stent materials.