目的:分析我国中学生近30年体质健康标准达标优秀率趋势,为国家制定学生体质健康干预措施提供依据。方法:选取1985—2014年6次全国学生体质与健康调研中738523名13~18岁中学生,根据《全国学生体质与健康调研工作手册》分析身高、体质量...目的:分析我国中学生近30年体质健康标准达标优秀率趋势,为国家制定学生体质健康干预措施提供依据。方法:选取1985—2014年6次全国学生体质与健康调研中738523名13~18岁中学生,根据《全国学生体质与健康调研工作手册》分析身高、体质量、肺活量和身体素质指标。体质健康达标优秀依据《国家学生体质健康标准》(2014年修订)综合评分定义,≥90.0分为优秀。采用χ2检验比较不同性别、年龄、地区和年度学生体质健康达标优秀率的差异,绘制地图比较不同年度各省份体质健康达标优秀率的分布变化。结果:1985—2014年,中国汉族13~18岁学生平均身高、体质量、体重指数(body mass index,BMI)不断增长,而平均肺活量和身体素质指标波动较大。总体体质健康达标优秀率从1985年的2.7%上升到1995年的4.4%,然后持续下降至2005年的1.1%,2010年反弹了0.6个百分点,2014年继续提高,达到2.2%。近30年来,男生体质健康达标优秀率一直高于女生(P<0.001),13~15岁初中生优秀率始终高于16~18岁高中生(P<0.001),东部地区优秀率高于中部和西部地区(P<0.001)。1985年仅个别地区中学生体质健康达标优秀率<1%,2005年几乎一半省份(14/30)的达标优秀率<1%,2014年有所好转,东部沿海部分地区中学生体质健康达标优秀率较高,中部省份和西部省份偏低。结论:近30年来我国中学生体质健康达标优秀率呈波动趋势,距离健康中国2030规划纲要的目标差距较大,各地区需要积极采取措施促进学生体育锻炼,提高学生体质健康水平。展开更多
目的:分析1990—2010年中国15~19岁女性青少年结婚和生育的地区不平等性。方法:利用1990—2010年三次全国人口普查汇总数据,计算中国15~19岁女性青少年的已婚率和生育率。将各省份人均国内生产总值(gross domestic product,GDP)作为社...目的:分析1990—2010年中国15~19岁女性青少年结婚和生育的地区不平等性。方法:利用1990—2010年三次全国人口普查汇总数据,计算中国15~19岁女性青少年的已婚率和生育率。将各省份人均国内生产总值(gross domestic product,GDP)作为社会经济发展水平指标,计算女性青少年已婚率和生育率的不平等绝对指数(slope index of inequality,SII)和集中指数(concentration index,CI),并建立线性回归模型衡量已婚率和生育率与人均GDP的关联。结果:1990—2000年,全国15~19岁女性的已婚率从4.7%下降至1.2%,但在2010年反弹至2.1%。生育率从1990年的22.0/1000人下降至2000年的6.0/1000人,2010年进一步下降为5.9/1000人。1990年,15~19岁女性青少年已婚率和生育率地区层面的社会经济不平等性不具有统计学意义(SII和CI均P>0.05)。SII分析显示,2000和2010年,人均GDP最低人群的已婚率比最高人群分别高2.4%(95%CI:0.4~4.4)和2.3%(95%CI:0.3~4.2)。与此同时,2000年和2010年人均GDP最低人群的生育率比最高人群分别高12.9/1000人(95%CI:5.4~20.5)和9.3/1000人(95%CI:4.6~14.0)。已婚的CI值在2000年和2010年分别为-0.32(P=0.02)和-0.17(P=0.03),生育的CI值在2000年和2010年分别为-0.37(P<0.01)和-0.26(P<0.01)。2000年,人均GDP上升100%,已婚率平均下降1.4%(95%CI:0.1~2.7),生育率平均下降7.9/1000人(95%CI:2.9~12.8)。2010年,人均GDP上升100%,已婚率平均下降1.5%(95%CI:0.1~2.9),生育率平均下降6.7/1000人(95%CI:3.2~10.1)。结论:2000年和2010年存在女性青少年早婚早育地区层面的社会经济不平等性,生活在经济发展水平较低的女性青少年更容易早婚早育;减少收入不公平、增加对贫困地区的教育投资可能是改善早婚早育地区不平等的有效措施。展开更多
Angelica dahurica(A. dahurica) is a traditional Chinese medicinal plant being used in clinical practice. The present study demonstrated that A. dahurica could reduce white-fat weight in high-fat-diet hyperlipidemic mi...Angelica dahurica(A. dahurica) is a traditional Chinese medicinal plant being used in clinical practice. The present study demonstrated that A. dahurica could reduce white-fat weight in high-fat-diet hyperlipidemic mice, decrease total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in the livers of both high-fat-diet and Triton WR1339 induced hyperlipidemic mice, and enhance the total hepatic lipase activities of them. These findings were further supported by the results derived from the experiments with Hep G2 cells in vitro. In addition, the proteins related to lipids metabolism were investigated using LC-MS/MS, indicating that genes of lipid metabolism and lipid transport were regulated by A. dhurica. The results from LC-MS/MS were further conformed by Western blot and real time PCR assays. A. dahurica could down-regulate the expression of catalase(CAT) and sterol carrier protein2(SCP2) and up-regulate the expression of lipid metabolism related genes-lipase member C(LIPC) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma(PPARγ). In the Triton WR1339 mouse liver and Hep G2 cells in vitro, A. dahurica was able to increase the expression of LIPC and PPARγ, confirming the results from in vivo experiments. Imperatorin showed the same activity as A. dahurica, suggesting it was one of the major active ingredients of the herb. In conclusion, our work represented a first investigation demonstrating that A. dahurica was able to regulate lipid metabolism and could be developed as a novel approach to fighting against fatty liver and obesity.展开更多
Heat stress can stimulate an increase in body temperature, which is correlated with increased expression of heat shock protein 70 （HSP70） and tumor necrosis factor a （TNFa）. The exact mechanism underlying the HSP7...Heat stress can stimulate an increase in body temperature, which is correlated with increased expression of heat shock protein 70 （HSP70） and tumor necrosis factor a （TNFa）. The exact mechanism underlying the HSP70 and TNFa induction is unclear. Berberine （BBR） can significantly inhibit the temperature rise caused by heat stress, but the mechanism responsible for the BBR effect on HSP70 and TNFa signaling has not been investigated. The aim of the present study was to explore the relationship between the expression of HSP70 and TNFa and the effects of BBR under heat conditions, using in vivo and in vitro models. The expression levels of HSP70 and YNFa were determined using RT-PCR and Western blotting analyses. The results showed that the levels of HSP70 and TNFa were ap-regulated under heat conditions （40 ~C）. HSP70 acted as a chaperone to maintain TNFa homeostasis with rising the temperature, but knockdown of HSP70 could not down-regulate the level of TNFa. Furthermore, TNFa could not influence the expression of HSP70 under aormal and heat conditions. BBR targeted both HSP70 and TNFa by suppressing their gene transcription, thereby decreasing body temperature under heat conditions. In conclusion, BBR has a potential to be developed as a therapeutic strategy for suppressing the thermal effects in hot environments.展开更多
Objective: To explore the anti-nociceptive effect of patchouli alcohol(PA), the essential oil isolated from Pogostemon cablin(Blanco) Bent, and determine the mechanism in molecular levels. Methods: The acetic acid-ind...Objective: To explore the anti-nociceptive effect of patchouli alcohol(PA), the essential oil isolated from Pogostemon cablin(Blanco) Bent, and determine the mechanism in molecular levels. Methods: The acetic acid-induced writhing test and formalin-induced plantar injection test in mice were employed to con?rm the effect in vivo. Intracellular calcium ion was imaged to verify PA on mu-opioid receptor(MOR). Cyclooxygenase 2(COX2)and MOR of mouse brain were expressed for determination of PA’s target. Cellular experiments were carried out to find out COX2 and MOR expression induced by PA. Results: PA significantly reduced latency period of visceral pain and writhing induced by acetic acid saline solution(P<0.01) and allodynia after intra-plantar formalin(P<0.01) in mice. PA also up-regulated COX2 mRNA and protein(P<0.05) with a down-regulation of MOR(P<0.05) both in in vivo and in vitro experiments, which devote to the analgesic effect of PA. A decrease in the intracellular calcium level(P<0.05) induced by PA may play an important role in its anti-nociceptive effect.PA showed the characters of enhancing the MOR expression and reducing the intracellular calcium ion similar to opioid effect. Conclusions: Both COX2 and MOR are involved in the mechanism of PA’s anti-nociceptive effect,and the up-regulation of the receptor expression and the inhibition of intracellular calcium are a new perspective to PA’s effect on MOR.展开更多
Brazilein is reported to have immunosuppressive effect on cardiovascular and cerebral-vascular diseases. The essential roles of innate immunity in cerebral ischemia are increasingly identified, but no studies concerni...Brazilein is reported to have immunosuppressive effect on cardiovascular and cerebral-vascular diseases. The essential roles of innate immunity in cerebral ischemia are increasingly identified, but no studies concerning the influence of brazilein on the innate immunity receptors have been reported. The present study was designed to investigate the regulation of NOD2 （Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2） by brazilein for its protection of neuron in cerebral ischemia in vivo and oxygen-glucose deprivation in vitro. The results showed that brazilein could reverse the elevated expression of NOD2 and TNFa （tumor necrosis factor alpha） elicited by cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. This reduction could also be detected in normal mice and C 17.2 cells, indicating that this suppressive effect of brazilein was correlated with NOD2. The results from GFP reporter plasmid assay suggested brazilein inhibited NOD2 gene transcription. In conclusion, brazilein could attenuate NOD2 and TNFα expression in cerebral ischemia and NOD2 may be one possible target of brazilein for its immune suppressive effect in neuro-inflammation.展开更多
文摘目的:分析我国中学生近30年体质健康标准达标优秀率趋势,为国家制定学生体质健康干预措施提供依据。方法:选取1985—2014年6次全国学生体质与健康调研中738523名13~18岁中学生,根据《全国学生体质与健康调研工作手册》分析身高、体质量、肺活量和身体素质指标。体质健康达标优秀依据《国家学生体质健康标准》(2014年修订)综合评分定义,≥90.0分为优秀。采用χ2检验比较不同性别、年龄、地区和年度学生体质健康达标优秀率的差异,绘制地图比较不同年度各省份体质健康达标优秀率的分布变化。结果:1985—2014年,中国汉族13~18岁学生平均身高、体质量、体重指数(body mass index,BMI)不断增长,而平均肺活量和身体素质指标波动较大。总体体质健康达标优秀率从1985年的2.7%上升到1995年的4.4%,然后持续下降至2005年的1.1%,2010年反弹了0.6个百分点,2014年继续提高,达到2.2%。近30年来,男生体质健康达标优秀率一直高于女生(P<0.001),13~15岁初中生优秀率始终高于16~18岁高中生(P<0.001),东部地区优秀率高于中部和西部地区(P<0.001)。1985年仅个别地区中学生体质健康达标优秀率<1%,2005年几乎一半省份(14/30)的达标优秀率<1%,2014年有所好转,东部沿海部分地区中学生体质健康达标优秀率较高,中部省份和西部省份偏低。结论:近30年来我国中学生体质健康达标优秀率呈波动趋势,距离健康中国2030规划纲要的目标差距较大,各地区需要积极采取措施促进学生体育锻炼,提高学生体质健康水平。
文摘目的:分析1990—2010年中国15~19岁女性青少年结婚和生育的地区不平等性。方法:利用1990—2010年三次全国人口普查汇总数据,计算中国15~19岁女性青少年的已婚率和生育率。将各省份人均国内生产总值(gross domestic product,GDP)作为社会经济发展水平指标,计算女性青少年已婚率和生育率的不平等绝对指数(slope index of inequality,SII)和集中指数(concentration index,CI),并建立线性回归模型衡量已婚率和生育率与人均GDP的关联。结果:1990—2000年,全国15~19岁女性的已婚率从4.7%下降至1.2%,但在2010年反弹至2.1%。生育率从1990年的22.0/1000人下降至2000年的6.0/1000人,2010年进一步下降为5.9/1000人。1990年,15~19岁女性青少年已婚率和生育率地区层面的社会经济不平等性不具有统计学意义(SII和CI均P>0.05)。SII分析显示,2000和2010年,人均GDP最低人群的已婚率比最高人群分别高2.4%(95%CI:0.4~4.4)和2.3%(95%CI:0.3~4.2)。与此同时,2000年和2010年人均GDP最低人群的生育率比最高人群分别高12.9/1000人(95%CI:5.4~20.5)和9.3/1000人(95%CI:4.6~14.0)。已婚的CI值在2000年和2010年分别为-0.32(P=0.02)和-0.17(P=0.03),生育的CI值在2000年和2010年分别为-0.37(P<0.01)和-0.26(P<0.01)。2000年,人均GDP上升100%,已婚率平均下降1.4%(95%CI:0.1~2.7),生育率平均下降7.9/1000人(95%CI:2.9~12.8)。2010年,人均GDP上升100%,已婚率平均下降1.5%(95%CI:0.1~2.9),生育率平均下降6.7/1000人(95%CI:3.2~10.1)。结论:2000年和2010年存在女性青少年早婚早育地区层面的社会经济不平等性,生活在经济发展水平较低的女性青少年更容易早婚早育;减少收入不公平、增加对贫困地区的教育投资可能是改善早婚早育地区不平等的有效措施。
基金supported in part by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81473321 and 81374006)the National Key Technology R&D Program of China(No.2012BAI29B02)the National S&T Major Special Project for New Drug R&D Program of China(Nos.2012ZX09102-201-008,2012ZX09103-201-041,and 2011ZX09101-002-11)
文摘Angelica dahurica(A. dahurica) is a traditional Chinese medicinal plant being used in clinical practice. The present study demonstrated that A. dahurica could reduce white-fat weight in high-fat-diet hyperlipidemic mice, decrease total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in the livers of both high-fat-diet and Triton WR1339 induced hyperlipidemic mice, and enhance the total hepatic lipase activities of them. These findings were further supported by the results derived from the experiments with Hep G2 cells in vitro. In addition, the proteins related to lipids metabolism were investigated using LC-MS/MS, indicating that genes of lipid metabolism and lipid transport were regulated by A. dhurica. The results from LC-MS/MS were further conformed by Western blot and real time PCR assays. A. dahurica could down-regulate the expression of catalase(CAT) and sterol carrier protein2(SCP2) and up-regulate the expression of lipid metabolism related genes-lipase member C(LIPC) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma(PPARγ). In the Triton WR1339 mouse liver and Hep G2 cells in vitro, A. dahurica was able to increase the expression of LIPC and PPARγ, confirming the results from in vivo experiments. Imperatorin showed the same activity as A. dahurica, suggesting it was one of the major active ingredients of the herb. In conclusion, our work represented a first investigation demonstrating that A. dahurica was able to regulate lipid metabolism and could be developed as a novel approach to fighting against fatty liver and obesity.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81374006,90713043 and 81073092)
文摘Heat stress can stimulate an increase in body temperature, which is correlated with increased expression of heat shock protein 70 （HSP70） and tumor necrosis factor a （TNFa）. The exact mechanism underlying the HSP70 and TNFa induction is unclear. Berberine （BBR） can significantly inhibit the temperature rise caused by heat stress, but the mechanism responsible for the BBR effect on HSP70 and TNFa signaling has not been investigated. The aim of the present study was to explore the relationship between the expression of HSP70 and TNFa and the effects of BBR under heat conditions, using in vivo and in vitro models. The expression levels of HSP70 and YNFa were determined using RT-PCR and Western blotting analyses. The results showed that the levels of HSP70 and TNFa were ap-regulated under heat conditions （40 ~C）. HSP70 acted as a chaperone to maintain TNFa homeostasis with rising the temperature, but knockdown of HSP70 could not down-regulate the level of TNFa. Furthermore, TNFa could not influence the expression of HSP70 under aormal and heat conditions. BBR targeted both HSP70 and TNFa by suppressing their gene transcription, thereby decreasing body temperature under heat conditions. In conclusion, BBR has a potential to be developed as a therapeutic strategy for suppressing the thermal effects in hot environments.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81374006 and No.81073092)the Special Foundation for New Drug Innovation of Tsinghua University(No.20142000077),China
文摘Objective: To explore the anti-nociceptive effect of patchouli alcohol(PA), the essential oil isolated from Pogostemon cablin(Blanco) Bent, and determine the mechanism in molecular levels. Methods: The acetic acid-induced writhing test and formalin-induced plantar injection test in mice were employed to con?rm the effect in vivo. Intracellular calcium ion was imaged to verify PA on mu-opioid receptor(MOR). Cyclooxygenase 2(COX2)and MOR of mouse brain were expressed for determination of PA’s target. Cellular experiments were carried out to find out COX2 and MOR expression induced by PA. Results: PA significantly reduced latency period of visceral pain and writhing induced by acetic acid saline solution(P<0.01) and allodynia after intra-plantar formalin(P<0.01) in mice. PA also up-regulated COX2 mRNA and protein(P<0.05) with a down-regulation of MOR(P<0.05) both in in vivo and in vitro experiments, which devote to the analgesic effect of PA. A decrease in the intracellular calcium level(P<0.05) induced by PA may play an important role in its anti-nociceptive effect.PA showed the characters of enhancing the MOR expression and reducing the intracellular calcium ion similar to opioid effect. Conclusions: Both COX2 and MOR are involved in the mechanism of PA’s anti-nociceptive effect,and the up-regulation of the receptor expression and the inhibition of intracellular calcium are a new perspective to PA’s effect on MOR.
基金supported by the National S&T Major Special Project for New Drug R&D Program of China(Nos.2012ZX09102-201-008,2012ZX09103-201-041,and 2011ZX09101-002-11)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81374006 and 81073092)
文摘Brazilein is reported to have immunosuppressive effect on cardiovascular and cerebral-vascular diseases. The essential roles of innate immunity in cerebral ischemia are increasingly identified, but no studies concerning the influence of brazilein on the innate immunity receptors have been reported. The present study was designed to investigate the regulation of NOD2 （Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2） by brazilein for its protection of neuron in cerebral ischemia in vivo and oxygen-glucose deprivation in vitro. The results showed that brazilein could reverse the elevated expression of NOD2 and TNFa （tumor necrosis factor alpha） elicited by cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. This reduction could also be detected in normal mice and C 17.2 cells, indicating that this suppressive effect of brazilein was correlated with NOD2. The results from GFP reporter plasmid assay suggested brazilein inhibited NOD2 gene transcription. In conclusion, brazilein could attenuate NOD2 and TNFα expression in cerebral ischemia and NOD2 may be one possible target of brazilein for its immune suppressive effect in neuro-inflammation.
