生态系统服务价值(ecosystem service value,ESV)是权衡区域可持续发展的关键指标,受自然及人文环境影响,存在空间异质性.辽西北生态系统脆弱,但其区位条件对区域发展具有重要战略意义.本研究以辽西北2000年、2005年、2010年、2015年土...生态系统服务价值(ecosystem service value,ESV)是权衡区域可持续发展的关键指标,受自然及人文环境影响,存在空间异质性.辽西北生态系统脆弱,但其区位条件对区域发展具有重要战略意义.本研究以辽西北2000年、2005年、2010年、2015年土地利用数据为基础,依托土地利用动态度模型、生态系统服务价值测算模型及地理探测器模型先后分析土地利用及生态系统服务价值时空演变特征,并探究县域生态系统服务价值空间分异的驱动机制.结果表明:①近15 a间,辽西北以旱地为主,土地利用类型结构稳定;②林地ESV为辽西北生态系统服务价值主要来源,服务功能占据主体地位.以县域为基本空间单元,各县域生态系统服务价值水平整体较稳定,其空间分布规律表现为各市区ESV处于低水平,北部县域ESV为中等水平,而中、南部县域处于较高水平;③辽西北各土地利用类型的生态系统服务价值对价值系数缺乏弹性,具有可信性.④单因子中基于夜光灯指数的城镇化率对辽西北县域生态系统服务价值空间分异的解释力最强,其与DEM的交互作用对研究区县域生态系统服务价值影响更大.87.2%的双因子交互作用对空间分异的解释力均高于单因子.展开更多
Ozonesondes are widely used to obtain ozone concentration profiles from the surface to the upper atmosphere.A kind of double-cell ozonesonde has been developed at the Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP),Chinese A...Ozonesondes are widely used to obtain ozone concentration profiles from the surface to the upper atmosphere.A kind of double-cell ozonesonde has been developed at the Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP),Chinese Academy of Sciences (named the "IAP ozonesonde") based on previous experience over the past 20 years of developing the singlecell GPSO3 ozonesonde.The IAP ozonesonde is of the Electrochemical Concentration Cell (ECC) type.A detailed description of the IAP ozonesonde is firstly provided in the present paper,followed by a presentation of results from a series of launches carried out to evaluate its performance.The analysis involved comparing its observations with measurements from the GPSO3 and ECC ozonesondes (Model type ENSCI-Z) as well as a Brewer spectrophotometer.The results showed that the IAP ozonesonde is a vast improvement over the GPSO3 ozonesonde,able to capture vertical ozone structures very well and in good agreement with ECC ozonesonde measurements.The average difference in the ozone partial pressure between the IAP and ECC ozonesondes was 0.3 mPa from the surface to 2.5 km,close to zero from 2.5 to 9 km and generally less than 1 mPa for layers higher than 9 km.The apparent deviation is likely caused by a decreasing pump flow rate in the IAP ozonesonde which needs further improvement.The total ozone amounts measured by the IAP ozonesonde profiles were highly comparable with the Brewer data with a relative difference of 6%.The development of the IAP ozonesonde and its strong performance will surely accelerate the process of conventional observations of ozone profiles over China in the near future as well as provide more data for ozone research in general.展开更多
文摘生态系统服务价值(ecosystem service value,ESV)是权衡区域可持续发展的关键指标,受自然及人文环境影响,存在空间异质性.辽西北生态系统脆弱,但其区位条件对区域发展具有重要战略意义.本研究以辽西北2000年、2005年、2010年、2015年土地利用数据为基础,依托土地利用动态度模型、生态系统服务价值测算模型及地理探测器模型先后分析土地利用及生态系统服务价值时空演变特征,并探究县域生态系统服务价值空间分异的驱动机制.结果表明:①近15 a间,辽西北以旱地为主,土地利用类型结构稳定;②林地ESV为辽西北生态系统服务价值主要来源,服务功能占据主体地位.以县域为基本空间单元,各县域生态系统服务价值水平整体较稳定,其空间分布规律表现为各市区ESV处于低水平,北部县域ESV为中等水平,而中、南部县域处于较高水平;③辽西北各土地利用类型的生态系统服务价值对价值系数缺乏弹性,具有可信性.④单因子中基于夜光灯指数的城镇化率对辽西北县域生态系统服务价值空间分异的解释力最强,其与DEM的交互作用对研究区县域生态系统服务价值影响更大.87.2%的双因子交互作用对空间分异的解释力均高于单因子.
基金supported by the Special Fund for Public Welfare Industry (Meteorology) under Grant No. GYHY201106041the Strategic Priority Research Program (B) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences under Grant No. XDB05020503
文摘Ozonesondes are widely used to obtain ozone concentration profiles from the surface to the upper atmosphere.A kind of double-cell ozonesonde has been developed at the Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP),Chinese Academy of Sciences (named the "IAP ozonesonde") based on previous experience over the past 20 years of developing the singlecell GPSO3 ozonesonde.The IAP ozonesonde is of the Electrochemical Concentration Cell (ECC) type.A detailed description of the IAP ozonesonde is firstly provided in the present paper,followed by a presentation of results from a series of launches carried out to evaluate its performance.The analysis involved comparing its observations with measurements from the GPSO3 and ECC ozonesondes (Model type ENSCI-Z) as well as a Brewer spectrophotometer.The results showed that the IAP ozonesonde is a vast improvement over the GPSO3 ozonesonde,able to capture vertical ozone structures very well and in good agreement with ECC ozonesonde measurements.The average difference in the ozone partial pressure between the IAP and ECC ozonesondes was 0.3 mPa from the surface to 2.5 km,close to zero from 2.5 to 9 km and generally less than 1 mPa for layers higher than 9 km.The apparent deviation is likely caused by a decreasing pump flow rate in the IAP ozonesonde which needs further improvement.The total ozone amounts measured by the IAP ozonesonde profiles were highly comparable with the Brewer data with a relative difference of 6%.The development of the IAP ozonesonde and its strong performance will surely accelerate the process of conventional observations of ozone profiles over China in the near future as well as provide more data for ozone research in general.