植被密度对人工阶梯深潭掺气特性的影响研究

本研究通过在一个坡度为18.4°的矩形阶梯水槽,使用双头电阻式探针,系统测量了两种植被密度下人工阶梯深潭自上游清水区到下游掺气充分发展区的掺气特性。研究结果表明:与光滑台阶和阶梯深潭相比,植被阶梯深潭对掺气发生点的位置及水深几乎无影响,建立了掺气发生点水深的计算公式。断面平均空气浓度Ce在阶梯起点到与掺气发生点距离的2.5倍的区域内逐渐增加,之后达到恒定值;断面气泡个数最大值在阶梯起点到与掺气发生点距离的4.0倍的区域内逐渐增加,之后达到恒定值,这与断面平均掺气浓度的发展规律不相同;植被密度对气泡个数分布及演进变化规律几乎无影响。

非侵入性多感官刺激治疗在阿尔茨海默病认知功能治疗中的应用进展

阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)是一种慢性中枢神经变性疾病,其主要特征是进行性的记忆力减退以及认知障碍,是导致痴呆的主要原因之一。随着全球人口老龄化问题的加剧,AD已经成为本世纪最昂贵,最致命的疾病之一,但目前尚缺乏有效的治疗方法。近年来,多种生物物理刺激技术等非侵入性方法被开发应用于中枢神经系统疾病的治疗,其中包括超声、光、电和磁刺激等,为AD的治疗提供了新的思路。在介绍针对AD的非侵入性多感官刺激治疗(non-invasive multisensory stimulation therapy,NIMST)方法的基础上,综述了这些方法对AD动物模型和AD患者认知功能相关行为表现的影响,以及对改善AD病理的神经机制方面的研究进展。探讨了非侵入性多感官刺激治疗目前的局限性,并对未来的研究方向进行展望,为今后治疗AD提供更有效的治疗策略。

Neural stem cell-derived exosomes promote mitochondrial biogenesis and restore abnormal protein distribution in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease

Mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease.We previously showed that neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles improved mitochondrial function in the cortex of AP P/PS1 mice.Because Alzheimer’s disease affects the entire brain,further research is needed to elucidate alterations in mitochondrial metabolism in the brain as a whole.Here,we investigated the expression of several important mitochondrial biogenesis-related cytokines in multiple brain regions after treatment with neural stem cell-derived exosomes and used a combination of whole brain clearing,immunostaining,and lightsheet imaging to clarify their spatial distribution.Additionally,to clarify whether the sirtuin 1(SIRT1)-related pathway plays a regulatory role in neural stem cell-de rived exosomes interfering with mitochondrial functional changes,we generated a novel nervous system-SIRT1 conditional knoc kout AP P/PS1mouse model.Our findings demonstrate that neural stem cell-de rived exosomes significantly increase SIRT1 levels,enhance the production of mitochondrial biogenesis-related fa ctors,and inhibit astrocyte activation,but do not suppress amyloid-βproduction.Thus,neural stem cell-derived exosomes may be a useful therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer’s disease that activates the SIRT1-PGC1αsignaling pathway and increases NRF1 and COXIV synthesis to improve mitochondrial biogenesis.In addition,we showed that the spatial distribution of mitochondrial biogenesis-related factors is disrupted in Alzheimer’s disease,and that neural stem cell-derived exosome treatment can reverse this effect,indicating that neural stem cell-derived exosomes promote mitochondrial biogenesis.

Measurement of the high energyγ-rays from heavy ion reactions usingČerenkov detector

The energetic bremsstrahlung photons up to 100 MeV produced in heavy ion collisions can be used as a sensitive probe for short-range correlation in atomic nuclei. The energy of the γ-rays can be measured by collecting the Čerenkov light in the medium induced by the fast electrons generated in the Compton scattering or electromagnetic shower of the incident γray. Two types of detectors based on pure water and lead glass as sensitive materials were designed for this purpose. The γresponse and optical photon propagation in the detectors were simulated based on electromagnetic and optical processes in Geant4. The inherent energy resolutions of 0.022(4) + 0.51(2)∕E^(1/2)_(γ) for water and 0.0026(3) + 0.446(3)∕E^(1/2)_(γ) for lead glass were obtained. The geometry sizes of the lead glass and water were optimized to 30 cm × 30 cm × 30 cm and 60 cm × 60 cm ×120 cm, respectively, to detect high-energy γ-rays at 160 MeV. The Hough transform method was applied to reconstruct the direction of the incident γ-rays, providing the ability to experimentally distinguish the high-energy γ-rays produced in the reactions on the target from random background cosmic-ray muons.

cT1N0M0口腔鳞状细胞癌浸润深度对预测淋巴结转移和评价预后的影响

目的:探讨早期口腔鳞状细胞癌(oral squamous cell carcinoma,OSCC)浸润深度(depth of invasion,DOI)对预测淋巴结转移与评价预后的影响。方法:收集2015年1月至2017年12月确诊为早期OSCC患者的数据,分别评估病理DOI和淋巴结转移2个指标。通过受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线的曲线下面积(area under curve,AUC)预测OSCC发生淋巴结转移的DOI界值,同时比较不同DOI分组的淋巴结转移率及生存曲线差异。结果:本研究共纳入94例早期OSCC患者,中位随访年龄约66岁,中位随访时间约为35.5个月,其中18例患者出现淋巴结转移,平均DOI为6.09 mm,而其余受试者平均DOI为3.61 mm(P<0.05)。ROC曲线的AUC为0.86,最佳DOI界值为4.41 mm(敏感度78%,特异度84%)。当DOI>4.41 mm时,OSCC患者发生淋巴结转移率较高(14.89%vs4.25%,P<0.05),中位生存期降低(41.4个月vs52.6个月;HR=1.80,95%CI=0.88~3.69,P=0.10)。结论:DOI较大时,早期OSCC淋巴结转移发生率较高,但患者生存预后未见明显下降,提示该指标尚不能成为预测淋巴结转移及预后的独立影响因素。

大数据背景下建筑行业税务风险管理研究——以滁州市A企业为例

大数据技术的应用,使税务机关监管变得更加规范、严格、精准,也给建筑企业的税务风险管理带来了极大的挑战。文章选择滁州市A企业作为研究对象,根据企业实际纳税情况选取关键评估指标,通过识别、评估和分析税务风险点,发现企业在税务风险管理方面存在的问题。最后,针对A企业税务风险管理工作提出相关建议,即提升管理层和职能部门税务风险控制意识、提高财务人员税务风险管理能力和健全企业税务风险监督机制。

Properties and Characteristics of Regolith-Based Materials for Extraterrestrial Construction

The construction of extraterrestrial bases has become a new goal in the active exploration of deep space.Among the construction techniques,in situ resource-based construction is one of the most promising because of its good sustainability and acceptable economic cost,triggering the development of various types of extraterrestrial construction materials.A comprehensive survey and comparison of materials from the perspective of performance was conducted to provide suggestions for material selection and optimization.Thirteen types of typical construction materials are discussed in terms of their reliability and applicability in extreme extraterrestrial environment.Mechanical,thermal and optical,and radiation-shielding properties are considered.The influencing factors and optimization methods for these properties are analyzed.From the perspective of material properties,the existing challenges lie in the comprehensive,long-term,and real characterization of regolith-based construction materials.Correspondingly,the suggested future directions include the application of high-throughput characterization methods,accelerated durability tests,and conducting extraterrestrial experiments.

Missing Value Imputation for Radar-Derived Time-Series Tracks of Aerial Targets Based on Improved Self-Attention-Based Network

The frequent missing values in radar-derived time-series tracks of aerial targets(RTT-AT)lead to significant challenges in subsequent data-driven tasks.However,the majority of imputation research focuses on random missing(RM)that differs significantly from common missing patterns of RTT-AT.The method for solving the RM may experience performance degradation or failure when applied to RTT-AT imputation.Conventional autoregressive deep learning methods are prone to error accumulation and long-term dependency loss.In this paper,a non-autoregressive imputation model that addresses the issue of missing value imputation for two common missing patterns in RTT-AT is proposed.Our model consists of two probabilistic sparse diagonal masking self-attention(PSDMSA)units and a weight fusion unit.It learns missing values by combining the representations outputted by the two units,aiming to minimize the difference between the missing values and their actual values.The PSDMSA units effectively capture temporal dependencies and attribute correlations between time steps,improving imputation quality.The weight fusion unit automatically updates the weights of the output representations from the two units to obtain a more accurate final representation.The experimental results indicate that,despite varying missing rates in the two missing patterns,our model consistently outperforms other methods in imputation performance and exhibits a low frequency of deviations in estimates for specific missing entries.Compared to the state-of-the-art autoregressive deep learning imputation model Bidirectional Recurrent Imputation for Time Series(BRITS),our proposed model reduces mean absolute error(MAE)by 31%~50%.Additionally,the model attains a training speed that is 4 to 8 times faster when compared to both BRITS and a standard Transformer model when trained on the same dataset.Finally,the findings from the ablation experiments demonstrate that the PSDMSA,the weight fusion unit,cascade network design,and imputation loss enhance imputation performance and confirm the efficacy of our design.

Eureka lemon zinc finger protein ClDOF3.4 interacts with citrus yellow vein clearing virus coat protein to inhibit viral infection

Citrus yellow vein clearing virus(CYVCV)is a new citrus virus that has become an important factor restricting the development of China’s citrus industry,and the CYVCV coat protein(CP)is associated with viral pathogenicity.In this study,the Eureka lemon zinc finger protein(ZFP)ClDOF3.4 was shown to interact with CYVCV CP in vivo and in vitro.Transient expression of ClDOF3.4 in Eureka lemon induced the expression of salicylic acid(SA)-related and hypersensitive response marker genes,and triggered a reactive oxygen species burst,ion leakage necrosis,and the accumulation of free SA.Furthermore,the CYVCV titer in ClDOF3.4 transgenic Eureka lemon plants was approximately 69.4%that in control plants 6 mon after inoculation,with only mild leaf chlorotic spots observed in those transgenic plants.Taken together,the results indicate that ClDOF3.4 not only interacts with CP but also induces an immune response in Eureka lemon by inducing the SA pathways.This is the first report that ZFP is involved in the immune response of a citrus viral disease,which provides a basis for further study of the molecular mechanism of CYVCV infection.

Global research trends in postoperative ileus from 2011 to 2023:A scientometric study

BACKGROUND Postoperative ileus(POI)is a common complication after abdominal surgery with high morbidity,which hinders patient recovery,prolongs hospitalization,and increases healthcare costs.Therefore,POI has become a global public health challenge.POI triggering is multifactorial.Autonomic and hormonal mechanisms are generally involved in POI pathogenesis.Recent studies have shown that beta adrenergic signaling of enteric glia is a POI trigger.Currently,the status quo,trends,and frontiers of global research on POI remain unclear.AIM To explore the current status,trends,and frontiers of POI research from 2011 to the present based on bibliometric analysis.METHODS Publications published on POI research from 2011 to 2023 were retrieved on June 1,2023,from the Web of Science Core Collection.CiteSpace 6.2.R2 and VOSviewer were used to conduct bibliometric visualization.RESULTS In total,778 POI records published from 2011 to 2023 were retrieved.Over the past few decades,the annual cumulative number of related articles has linearly increased,with China and the United States of America contributing prominently.All publications were from 59 countries and territories.China and the University of Bonn were the top contributing country and institution,respectively.Neurogastroenterology&Motility was the most prolific journal.The Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery had the highest number of citations.Wehner Sven was the most productive author.Burst keywords(e.g.,colon,prolonged ileus,acupuncture,paralytic ileus,pathophysiology,rectal cancer,gastrointestinal function,risk)and a series of reference citation bursts provided evidence for the research frontiers in recent years.CONCLUSION This study demonstrates trends in the published literature on POI and provides new insights for researchers.It emphasizes the importance of multidisciplinary cooperation in the development of this field.

Investigating Sulfur Chemistry in the HD163296 Disk

Sulfur chemistry in the formation process of low-mass stars and planets remains poorly understood.The protoplanetary disks are the birthplace of planets and its distinctive environment provides an intriguing platform for investigating models of sulfur chemistry.We analyzed the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array observations of CS 7-6 transitions in the HD 163296 disk and performed astrochemical modeling to explore its sulfur chemistry.We simulated the distribution of sulfur-containing molecules and compared it with observationally deduced fractional column densities.We have found that the simulated column density of CS is consistent with the observationally deduced fractional column densities,while the simulated column density of C_(2)S is lower than the observationally deduced upper limits on column densities.This results indicate that we have a good understanding of the chemical properties of CS and C_(2)S in the disk.We also investigated the influence of the C/O ratio on sulfur-containing molecules and found that the column densities of SO,SO_(2),and H_2S near the centra star are dependent on the C/O ratio.Additionally,we found that the N[CS]/N[SO]ratio can serve as a promising indicator of the disk’s C/O ratio in HD 163296.Overall,the disk of HD 163296 provides a favorable environmen for the detection of sulfur-containing molecules.

The Relationship Between NLRP3 Inflammasome and Its Downstream Inflammatory Factors in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients with Carotid Atherosclerosis Under Cigarette Exposure

Aim:To study the relationship between NLRP3(nucleotide oligomerization domain[NOD]-,leucine-rich repeats[LRR]-,and pyrin domain-containing protein 3)inflammasome and its downstream inflammatory factors in obstructive sleep apnea(OSA)patients with carotid atherosclerosis(CAS)under cigarette exposure,further exploring the risk factors of CAS in OSA patients.Methods:A total of 109 adult males who underwent polysomnography and carotid artery ultrasonography in our hospital from October 2019 to December 2021 were selected.According to the detection results,they were divided into the OSA group,the CAS group,and the OSA combined CAS group;additionally,29 healthy subjects who underwent a physical examination were also included.According to whether they were smoking,the groups were further divided into smoking and non-smoking groups.The age,body mass index(BMI),blood pressure,apnea-hypopnea index(AHI),lowest blood oxygen saturation(LSaO2),carotid intima-media thickness(CIMT),levels of blood sugar,blood low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDLc),and serum NLRP3,interleukin-1β(IL-1β),and interleukin-18(IL-18)of all subjects were recorded.Results:The OSA combined CAS group had higher LDLc levels and AHI and lower LSaO2 than the OSA group and CAS group.The levels of serum NLRP3,IL-1β,and IL-18 in the OSA group were higher than those in the normal control group(P<0.05);and those in the OSA combined CAS group were higher than the OSA group and CAS group(P<0.05),regardless of cigarette exposure.Considering cigarette exposure,serum NLRP3,IL-1β,and IL-18 levels were higher in the OSA,CAS,and OSA combined CAS smoking groups than those in the non-smoking group(P<0.05).Under cigarette exposure,AHI,LDLc,NLRP3,IL-1β,and IL-18 were significantly positively correlated(P<0.05),and LSaO2 was negatively correlated with CAS in OSA(P<0.05).AHI,LSaO2,LDLc,NLRP3,and IL-1βare the risk factors for OSA combined with CAS.Conclusion:LSaO2,AHI,LDLc,NLRP3,and IL-1βare the important risk factors for OSA combined with CAS under cigarette exposure,and their levels can be used to predict the occurrence of CAS in OSA.

基于单片机的环保型智能垃圾桶的设计与应用

针对用户易接触垃圾桶内细菌的问题,设计了以Arduino UNO为电控核心,智能垃圾桶通过红外对管传感器测量物体离桶盖的距离,在感应到30cm内有物体靠近时,发送信号控制舵机转动,自动开盖;桶盖自动闭合后主控芯片会驱动雾化片进行消毒液的喷洒,进行杀菌消毒;桶内顶部超声波测距传感器会实时监测垃圾高度,快满时会通过蜂鸣器发出警报提醒用户及时清理;通过机械结构的设计,用户在收拾垃圾时按下按扣垃圾桶即可实现自动收口和换袋。结果表明,通过种种功能的实现有效地抑制了细菌的传播,且使用过程方便快捷。

Effect of Jianpi Wenshen Granules on the Nutritional Control Status Score in Elderly Patients Undergoing Maintenance Hemodialysis

Objective:To explore the effect of Jianpi Wenshen Granules on the Controlling Nutritional Status(CONUT)score in elderly patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis.Methods:Seventy elderly outpatients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis from January 2023 to January 2024 at the Blood Purification Centers of Taizhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital and Taizhou Second People’s Hospital were selected as the study subjects.The patients were randomly divided into two groups:the study group and the control group,with 35 patients in each group.Both groups received maintenance hemodialysis,while the control group received only conventional Western medicine treatment,and the study group was additionally treated with Jianpi Wenshen Granules.The changes in biochemical and inflammatory markers before and after treatment were compared between the two groups.The nutritional status of the patients was assessed using the Controlling Nutritional Status(CONUT)score,and detailed statistics were gathered on anemia and albumin levels in both groups.Results:After treatment,the CONUT score in the study group significantly decreased compared to the control group,showing a significant correlation(P<0.05).Albumin and hemoglobin levels significantly increased,with a notable difference(P<0.05).There were no significant differences in alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels between the two groups before and after treatment(P>0.05).Conclusion:In elderly patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis,Jianpi Wenshen Granules improve the CONUT score and enhance nutritional status,demonstrating potential for clinical application and promotion.

Comparing community birdwatching and professional bird monitoring with implications for avian diversity research: a case study of Suzhou, China

Background:In the past decades,birdwatching as a hobby developed rapidly and produced ample scientific records that have aided conservation efforts.Therefore,it is increasingly attractive to promote avian research by providing data from birdwatching.Methods:We compared records from 16 years of community birdwatching and a 1-year formalized bird monitoring in Suzhou,China to study the similarities and differences between the two monitoring methods.Results:We showed that within the 325 bird species recorded by the two methods,an annual average of 108 species were documented by community science and 223 bird species were recorded by 1-year formalized monitoring.Measured by the number of bird species recorded per survey trip,the bird monitoring activity of community birdwatchers was significantly lower.Furthermore,the monitoring intensity of community birdwatching measured as the average survey trips per site each survey year was also lower than that of formalized bird monitoring.In addition,community birdwatchers preferred urban landscapes to rural areas.Conclusions:Community birdwatching could record the majority of local birds and complements the professional surveys in avian research.Well designed and coordinated community science can be used to expand the knowledge about avian distribution and population dynamics.These findings are critical for the development of conservation science with regard to community involvement.

Effect of Qingre Yangyin Humo prescription on serum indexes in esophageal cancer radiotherapy

Objective:To study the effectiveness of Qingre Yangyin Humo prescription in preventing radioaction esophagitis and its effect on the serum radiation damage indexes.Methods:Patients with advanced esophageal cancer who received radiotherapy in the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College between June 2015 and December 2016 were selected as the research subjects and randomly divided into two groups, the intervention group received Qingre Yangyin Humo prescription during radiotherapy, and the control group received regular intervention during radiotherapy. The incidence of radiation esophagitis within 90 days after radiotherapy was observed, and serum inflammation indexes, oxidative stress indexes and pulmonary fibrosis index were determined before radiotherapy as well as 2 weeks and 4 weeks after radiotherapy.Results: After radiotherapy, serum TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, MDA, 8-OHdG, MMP9, TGF-β1 and ACE levels of both groups were significantly higher than those before radiotherapy while GPX1, T-SOD and Mn-SOD levels were significantly lower than those before radiotherapy, and serum TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, MDA, 8-OHdG, MMP9, TGF-β1 and ACE levels of intervention group were significantly lower than those of control group while GPX1, T-SOD and Mn-SOD levels were significantly higher than those of control group.Conclusion:Qingre Yangyin Humo prescription can prevent the occurrence of radiation esophagitis and reduce radiation damage during radiotherapy.

面向高并发的消息中间件设计与实现

针对高并发场景中突发流量过大宕机等典型问题,提出一种面向高并发场景的消息中间件进行流量消峰。该消息中间件采用Producer-Broker-Consumer架构,划分为通用层、网络通信层、消息服务器、消息客户端;自定义通信协议,采用Push模式、负载均衡轮询方式进行消息推送等。将该中间件与主流消息中间件对比分析并应用到商品秒杀平台中,运用JMeter工具进行压力测试,验证流量消峰综合性能。实验结果表明,提出的面向高并发场景的消息中间件相比主流消息中间件具有较好的流量消峰性能;该消息中间件应用到商品秒杀平台中可以有效地实现流量消峰,当错误请求率为0的情况下并发量达55 802/sec,吞吐量达6 319.8/sec不宕机。

红景天提取物的护肤功效及安全性评价研究

研究红景天提取物的护肤功效及安全性。通过DPPH自由基清除实验验证红景天提取物的抗氧化作用。结果表明,在一定浓度范围内,红景天提取物可有效消除DPPH自由基和活性氧,对氧化损伤的细胞发挥保护作用,具有一定的抗氧化作用;通过弹性蛋白酶抑制率验证红景天提取物维持皮肤弹性的作用,红景天提取物可有效抑制弹性蛋白酶活性;通过酪氨酸酶活性抑制率和小鼠黑色素瘤细胞黑色素消除率验证红景天提取物对黑色素生成的抑制作用,红景天提取物可显著抑制酪氨酸酶活性、延缓黑色素生成,存在潜在的美白功效;通过人体皮肤重复性开放型涂抹试验验证红景天提取安全性,结果表明48 h后无受试者出现皮肤不良反应,证明在一定浓度范围内,红景天提取物对人体皮肤无刺激性。

基于酪蛋白结构变换的核壳型抑菌纳米粒设计与构建

基于酪蛋白的活性物质递送体具有多种优良性能,为提高酪蛋白(CN)胶束对亲水性物质的负载率,在胶束纳米结构尺度研究了胶束扰动因素对溶菌酶(Ly)负载的影响,制备了具有核壳结构的抑菌纳米粒。粒径分布和Zeta电位表明,低浓度NaCl和乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)有利于CN胶束的部分解离,使Ly负载率提高了8%;红外分析显示,不同胶束扰动因素下复合纳米粒中蛋白质的二级结构和氢键缔合发生了改变;扫描电镜表明CN-Ly纳米粒具有球形结构。低分子量壳聚糖包覆纳米粒后,对金黄色葡萄球菌(S.aureus)和大肠杆菌(E.coli)均具有较强的抑菌活性,且该复合纳米粒在pH5.4的酸环境中具有缓释性能,24 h释放率达到61.5%,活性保留率达到80%以上。该纳米粒在食品和医药工业有着潜在的应用前景。

Dusp 1 regulates thermal tolerance limits in zebrafish by maintaining mitochondrial integrity

Temperature tolerance restricts the distribution of a species. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms that set the thermal tolerance limits of an organism are poorly understood. Here, we report on the function of dual-specificity phosphatase 1(DUSP1) in thermal tolerance regulation. Notably, we found that dusp1-/- zebrafish grew normally but survived within a narrowed temperature range. The higher susceptibility of these mutant fish to both cold and heat challenges was attributed to accelerated cell death caused by aggravated mitochondrial dysfunction and over-production of reactive oxygen species in the gills. The DUSP1-MAPK-DRP1 axis was identified as a key pathway regulating these processes in both fish and human cells. These observations suggest that DUSP1 may play a role in maintaining mitochondrial integrity and redox homeostasis. We therefore propose that maintenance of cellular redox homeostasis may be a key mechanism for coping with cellular thermal stress and that the interplay between signaling pathways regulating redox homeostasis in the most thermosensitive tissue(i.e., gills) may play an important role in setting the thermal tolerance limit of zebrafish.