Nerve growth factor-basic fibroblast growth factor poly-lactide co-glycolid sustained-release microspheres and the small gap sleeve bridging technique to repair peripheral nerve injury

We previously prepared nerve growth factor poly-lactide co-glycolid sustained-release microspheres to treat rat sciatic nerve injury using the small gap sleeve technique.Multiple growth factors play a synergistic role in promoting the repair of peripheral nerve injury;as a result,in this study,we added basic fibroblast growth factors to the microspheres to further promote nerve regeneration.First,in an in vitro biomimetic microenvironment,we developed and used a drug screening biomimetic microfluidic chip to screen the optimal combination of nerve growth factor/basic fibroblast growth factor to promote the regeneration of Schwann cells.We found that 22.56 ng/mL nerve growth factor combined with 4.29 ng/mL basic fibroblast growth factor exhibited optimal effects on the proliferation of primary rat Schwann cells.The successfully prepared nerve growth factor-basic fibroblast growth factor-poly-lactide-co-glycolid sustained-release microspheres were used to treat rat sciatic nerve transection injury using the small gap sleeve bridge technique.Compared with epithelium sutures and small gap sleeve bridging alone,the small gap sleeve bridging technique combined with drug-free sustained-release microspheres has a stronger effect on rat sciatic nerve transfection injury repair at the structural and functional level.

更正"ERO1α介导同型半胱氨酸诱导的肝细胞内质网应激"[世界华人消化杂志2014;22(34):5228-5234]

1更正《世界华人消化杂志》2014年12月第22卷第34期第5228-5234页《ERO1α介导同型半胱氨酸诱导的肝细胞内质网应激》一文做出如下更正:第5231页图3中的B图应为图1.

GSK3β inhibitor promotes myelination and mitigates muscle atrophy after peripheral nerve injury

Delay of axon regeneration after peripheral nerve injury usually leads to progressive muscle atrophy and poor functional recovery. The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is considered to be one of the main molecular mechanisms that lead to skeletal muscle atrophy in the elderly. We hold the hypothesis that the innervation of target muscle can be promoted by accelerating axon regeneration and decelerating muscle cell degeneration so as to improve functional recovery of skeletal muscle following peripheral nerve injury. This process may be associated with the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Our study designed in vitro cell models to simulate myelin regeneration and muscle atrophy. We investigated the effects of SB216763, a glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta inhibitor, on the two major murine cell lines RSC96 and C2C12 derived from Schwann cells and muscle satellite cells. The results showed that SB216763 stimulated the Schwann cell migra- tion and myotube contraction. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction results demonstrated that myelin related genes, myelin associated glycoprotein and cyclin-D1, muscle related gene myogenin and endplate-associated gene nicotinic acetylcholine receptors levels were stimulated by SB216763. Immunocytochemical staining revealed that the expressions of ^-catenin in the RSC96 and C2C12 cytosolic and nuclear compartments were increased in the SB216763-treated cells. These findings confirm that the glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta in- hibitor, SB216763, promoted the myelination and myotube differentiation through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and contributed to nerve remyelination and reduced denervated muscle atrophy after peripheral nerve injury.

Sleeve bridging of the rhesus monkey ulnar nerve with muscular branches of the pronator teres: multiple amplification of axonal regeneration

Multiple-bud regeneration, i.e., multiple amplification, has been shown to exist in peripheral nerve regeneration. Multiple buds grow towards the distal nerve stump during proximal nerve fiber regeneration. Our previous studies have verified the limit and validity of multiple ampli- fication of peripheral nerve regeneration using small gap sleeve bridging of small donor nerves to repair large receptor nerves in rodents. The present study sought to observe multiple ampli- fication of myelinated nerve fiber regeneration in the primate peripheral nerve. Rhesus monkey models of distal ulnar nerve defects were established and repaired using muscular branches of the right forearm pronator teres. Proximal muscular branches of the pronator teres were su- tured into the distal ulnar nerve using the small gap sleeve bridging method. At 6 months after suture, two-finger flexion and mild wrist flexion were restored in the ulnar-sided injured limbs of rhesus monkey. Neurophysiological examination showed that motor nerve conduction veloc- ity reached 22.63 _＋ 6.34 m/s on the affected side of rhesus monkey. Osmium tetroxide staining demonstrated that the number of myelinated nerve fibers was 1,657 ＋ 652 in the branches of pronator teres of donor, and 2,661 ~ 843 in the repaired ulnar nerve. The rate of multiple amplification of regenerating myelinated nerve fibers was 1.61. These data showed that when muscular branches of the pronator teres were used to repair ulnar nerve in primates, effective regeneration was observed in regenerating nerve fibers, and functions of the injured ulnar nerve were restored to a certain extent. Moreover, multiple amplification was subsequently detected in ulnar nerve axons.

Extensive calcifications in portal venous system in a patient with hepatocarcinoma

Calcification of the portal venous system is a rare entity that can be incidentally discovered during computed tomography (CT). We describe a case of extensive calcifications in the portal venous system in a middle-aged male patient with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This patient presented with epigastric pain that had no obvious origin prior to admission. Laboratory examinations were positive for hepatitis B surface antigen and α-fetoprotein, and severe esophageal and gastric varices were detected during gastroscopy. Abdominal X-ray plain film showed well-defined linear and track-like calcification, with irregular margins directed along the course of the portal venous system. CT revealed extensive calcifications along the course of the portal, splenic, superior mesenteric and gastroesophageal veins. He underwent splenectomy 22 years ago due to splenomegaly and partial hepatectomy seven months before because of HCC of low-grade differentiation, confirmed by pathology. Finally, the patient was diagnosed with postoperative recurrent HCC and extensive portal venous system calcification after selective hepatic angiography under digital subtraction angiography.

Assessment of Comparative Genomic Hybridization Experiment by an in situ Synthesized CombiMatrix Microarray with Yersinia pestis Vaccine Strain EV76 DNA

Objective The quality of microarray data influences the accuracy of comparative genomic analyses to a large extent.To ensure that the results obtained by using an in situ synthesized microarray are accurate,data quality is to be assessed by evaluating the melting temperature (Tm) of probes,probability of false synthesis rates,and fragmentation of labeled targets.Methods DNA from the Yersinia pestis vaccine strain EV76 was used for microarray analyses.Microarray results were confirmed by PCR.Statistical and bioinformatics methods were employed to perform microarray data analyses and evaluation.Results Correlation coefficients of the three datasets were above 0.95 after two-time stripping and hybridization with a labeled DNA with the size of fragmentation being 200 bp-2 kb,which showed that the hybridization results were highly reproducible.Correlation coefficients were lower with the values ranging from 0.87 to 0.92 between the datasets generated from hybridization with different sizes of the labeled DNA fragment.For the relationship between Tm and signal intensity,there was a different distribution of Tm in the lowest 300 or 3 000 probes with a range of 70 ℃-72 ℃ and the highest 300 or 3 000 probes with a range of 72 ℃-74 ℃.Conclusion The results of this study suggest that the initial microarray design may affect the accuracy of final analyses and that the probe Tm and the size of the labeled fragment may be the two factors of the greatest importance.

Territory maximization hypothesis during peripheral nerve regeneration

Territory awareness refers to the notion that an organism lives in a territory, considers this territory its own, and prevents entry of other organisms. Generally, an organism maximizes its territory for best survival advantages, which subsequently allows for species continuation.

Influence of intraperitoneal perfusion chemotherapy combined with deep hyperthermia on the malignant molecule expression in ascites of patients with ovarian cancer complicated by ascites

Objective: To explore the influence of intraperitoneal perfusion chemotherapy combined with deep hyperthermia on the malignant molecule expression in ascites of patients with ovarian cancer complicated by ascites. Methods: A total of 80 patients with ovarian cancer complicated by ascites who were treated in this hospital between March 2015 and January 2017 were retrospectively analyzed and divided into the control group (n=43) and the study group (n=37). Control group received intraperitoneal perfusion chemotherapy and study group underwent intraperitoneal perfusion chemotherapy combined with deep hyperthermia. The differences in the expression of proliferation, invasion, autophagy and other malignant molecules in ascites were compared between the two groups before and after treatment. Results: Before treatment, the differences in the expression of proliferation, invasion, autophagy and other malignant molecules in ascites were not statistically significant between the two groups. After treatment, proliferation gene TCEAL7 mRNA expression in ascites of study group was higher than that of control group whereas Clusterin, HOTAIR, ROCK and TNFAIP8 mRNA expression were lower than those of control group;invasion gene DUSP10 mRNA expression in ascites was higher than that of control group whereas MTA1, Nek2, Stathmin and IFITM1 mRNA expression were lower than those of control group;autophagy genes LC3-Ⅱ, Beclin1 and PTEN mRNA expression in ascites were higher than those of control group. Conclusion:Intraperitoneal perfusion chemotherapy combined with deep hyperthermia can effectively balance the expression of proliferation, invasion and autophagy genes in ascites, and ultimately reduce the malignancy of the tumor in patients with ovarian cancer complicated by ascites.

Development and internal validation of China mortality prediction model in trauma based on ICD-10-CM lexicon:CMPMIT-ICD10

Background:Models to predict mortality in trauma play an important role in outcome prediction and severity adjustment,which informs trauma quality assessment and research.Hospitals in China typically use the International Classification of Diseases,Tenth Revision,Clinical Modification(ICD-10-CM)to describe injury.However,there is no suitable prediction model for China.This study attempts to develop a new mortality prediction model based on the ICD-10-CM lexicon and a Chinese database.Methods:This retrospective study extracted the data of all trauma patients admitted to the Beijing Red Cross Emergency Center,from January 2012 to July 2018(«=40,205).We used relevant predictive variables to establish a prediction model following logistic regression analysis.The performance of the model was assessed based on discrimination and calibration.The bootstrapping method was used for internal validation and adjustment of model performance.Results:Sex,age,new region-severity codes,comorbidities,traumatic shock,and coma were finally included in the new model as key predictors of mortality.Among them,coma and traumatic shock had the highest scores in the model.The discrimination and calibration of this model were significant,and the internal validation performance was good.The values of the area under the curve and Brier score for the new model were 0.9640 and 0.0177,respectively;after adjustment of the bootstrapping method,they were 0.9630 and 0.0178,respectively.Conclusions:The new model(China Mortality Prediction Model in Trauma based on the ICD-10-CM lexicon)showed great discrimination and calibration,and performed well in internal validation;it should be further verified externally.

Synthesis of Poly[6-(2,6-bis(1＇-methylbenzimidazolyl)pyridin-4-yloxy)hexyl acrylate](PBIP) and Magnetic Property of Its Neodymium Complex(PBIP-Nd^(3＋))

Homopolymer（PBIP） containing 2,6-bis（1＇-methylbenzimidazolyl）pyridine（Me BIP） ligands in the side chain was synthesized by RAFT polymerization and its kinetics was studied. Polymeric complex PBIP-Nd^3＋ was prepared by chelating PBIP with lanthanide ion Nd^3＋. The homopolymers and PBIP-Nd^3＋ complex were investigated by NMR, FTIR, GPC and TGA. The optical property of PBIP-Nd^3＋ complex was characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy. The magnetic property of PBIP-Nd^3＋ complex was measured as a function of temperature（5 K to 300 K） and as a function of field（-3.98×10^6 A/m to 3.98×10^6 A/m）. These results indicated that PBIP-Nd^3＋ complex is paramagnetic.

L-Lactide Homopolymerization and Copolymerization with ε-Caprolactone by Tetrahydrosalen Stabilized Yttrium Borohydride Complex

L-lactide（LLA） homopolymerization and copolymerization with ε-caprolactone（CL） in toluene initiated by tetrahydrosalen-supported yttrium borohydride complex were systematically investigated. A possible mechanism of LLA homopolymerization was proposed according to the 1H-NMR result. In addition, PCL-b-PLLA copolymers were synthesized by sequential addition of monomers and their structure was characterized by GPC, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR.

Supported bimetallic catalyst Pt-Pb/SiO2 for selective conversion of nitrobenzene to p-aminophenol in pressurized CO2/H2O system

Various supported Pt-Pb bimetallic catalysts were prepared and applied for the catalytic conversion of nitrobenzene to p-aminophenol in the environmentally benign pressurized CO2/H2O system.Among the bimetallic catalysts prepared,Pt-Pb/SiO2 is the best and nitrobenzene could be converted to paminophenol with a selectivity as high as 82% when the reaction was carried out using this catalyst at110 ℃ under 5 MPa CO2 and 0.2 MPa H2.