土壤环境是地球环境的重要组成部分。目前土壤环境问题的关注重点在于土壤污染。我国土壤污染以无机污染为主。中国生态系统研究网络(Chinese Ecosystem Research Network,CERN)自1988年组建以来,在中国主要农田、森林、草原、荒漠、湿...土壤环境是地球环境的重要组成部分。目前土壤环境问题的关注重点在于土壤污染。我国土壤污染以无机污染为主。中国生态系统研究网络(Chinese Ecosystem Research Network,CERN)自1988年组建以来,在中国主要农田、森林、草原、荒漠、湿地生态系统中,按统一的规范,对与土壤环境状况有关的铁、锰、铜、锌、硼、钼、镉、铬、铅、镍、汞、砷、硒元素进行了长期定位监测。通过对CERN典型生态样地表层土壤环境元素监测数据进行加工处理,获得1995~2011年中国陆地生态系统土壤环境元素含量数据集。本数据集中13种土壤环境元素指标测定的相对误差平均为6.55%,重复测定的相对偏差为7.70%。同时附有完整的背景信息,保证了数据在空间和时间上的一致性。本数据集可以为全国和区域土壤环境质量评估、土壤污染风险评价以及环境土壤学研究等工作提供数据基础。展开更多
叶绿素荧光技术能够快速、灵敏、无损地测定植物光合功能对环境变化的响应,已成为当前植物光合能力测定的重要技术手段之一,但是探讨亚热带森林叶绿素荧光参数在不同季节日变化特征受环境因子影响的研究较少,更缺乏与植被生产力关系的...叶绿素荧光技术能够快速、灵敏、无损地测定植物光合功能对环境变化的响应,已成为当前植物光合能力测定的重要技术手段之一,但是探讨亚热带森林叶绿素荧光参数在不同季节日变化特征受环境因子影响的研究较少,更缺乏与植被生产力关系的研究。以亚热带人工针叶林为研究对象,利用2016年叶绿素荧光测量和涡度相关通量观测数据,分析了不同季节湿地松和马尾松叶片荧光参数实际光化学效率(Photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ,ΦPSⅡ)和非光化学淬灭(Non?photochemical quenching,NPQ)的日变化特征,并结合增强回归树等统计方法,定量化环境因子对其影响,最后探讨了荧光参数与总初级生产力(Gross primary productivity,GPP)和光能利用率(Light use efficiency,LUE)的关系。结果表明,ΦPSⅡ日变化总体上呈现“U型”,早晚高午间低,而NPQ先升后降,午间达到峰值,与ΦPSⅡ的日变化显著负相关。研究发现,光照是影响亚热带人工针叶林ΦPSⅡ日变化最主要的环境因子,ΦPSⅡ随着光合有效辐射(Photosynthetically active radiation,PAR)的升高而降低,PAR对湿地松和马尾松叶片ΦPSⅡ的相对贡献率分别为83.0%和51.1%。PAR对湿地松叶片NPQ日变化的相对贡献率也最高(77.2%),但马尾松的NPQ主要受叶片温度(Leaf temperature,Tleaf)的影响(59.6%)。此外,GPP与ΦPSⅡ显著负相关,而与NPQ有显著的正相关关系。LUE随着ΦPSⅡ增长,但存在ΦPSⅡ高而LUE低的情况,LUE与NPQ显著负相关,热耗散的比例越高,光能利用效率也相应降低。展开更多
Mineral nutrient inputs to soil may alter microbial activity and consequently influence the accumulation of microbial residues. In this study, we investigated the effects of application rates and ratios of mineral fer...Mineral nutrient inputs to soil may alter microbial activity and consequently influence the accumulation of microbial residues. In this study, we investigated the effects of application rates and ratios of mineral fertilizers on the microbial residue carbon(MRC) of reddish paddy soils after long-term(15-year) fertilizer applications in southern China. Contents of three soil amino sugars as microbial residue contents were determined and MRC were calculated based on amino sugars. Results showed that three individual amino sugar contents increased as fertilizer application rates increased until maximum values were reached at a rate of 450-59-187 kg ha^(-1) year^(-1)(N-P-K). The three amino sugar contents then declined significantly under the highest mineral fertilizer application rate of 675-88-280 kg ha^(-1) year^(-1)(N-P-K). In addition, to enhance the microbial residue contents, it was more beneficial to double P(N:P:K= 1:0.26:0.41) in fertilizers applied to the P-deficient reddish paddy soils than to double either N(N:P:K = 2:0.13:0.41) or K(N:P:K= 1:0.13:0.82). The contents of the three individual amino sugars and microbial residues under different fertilizer application rates and ratios were significantly and positively correlated with soil organic carbon(SOC), total N, total P, and p H. Increases in values of the fungal C to bacterial C ratios showed that soil organic matter(SOM) stability increased because of the fertilizer applications over the past 15 years. The contents and ratios of amino sugars can be used as indicators to evaluate the impact of mineral fertilizer applications on SOM dynamics in subtropical paddy soils. The results indicated that fertilizer applications at a rate of 450-59-187 kg ha^(-1) year^(-1)(N-P-K) may improve crop yields, SOC contents, and SOC stability in subtropical paddy soils.展开更多
文摘土壤环境是地球环境的重要组成部分。目前土壤环境问题的关注重点在于土壤污染。我国土壤污染以无机污染为主。中国生态系统研究网络(Chinese Ecosystem Research Network,CERN)自1988年组建以来,在中国主要农田、森林、草原、荒漠、湿地生态系统中,按统一的规范,对与土壤环境状况有关的铁、锰、铜、锌、硼、钼、镉、铬、铅、镍、汞、砷、硒元素进行了长期定位监测。通过对CERN典型生态样地表层土壤环境元素监测数据进行加工处理,获得1995~2011年中国陆地生态系统土壤环境元素含量数据集。本数据集中13种土壤环境元素指标测定的相对误差平均为6.55%,重复测定的相对偏差为7.70%。同时附有完整的背景信息,保证了数据在空间和时间上的一致性。本数据集可以为全国和区域土壤环境质量评估、土壤污染风险评价以及环境土壤学研究等工作提供数据基础。
文摘叶绿素荧光技术能够快速、灵敏、无损地测定植物光合功能对环境变化的响应,已成为当前植物光合能力测定的重要技术手段之一,但是探讨亚热带森林叶绿素荧光参数在不同季节日变化特征受环境因子影响的研究较少,更缺乏与植被生产力关系的研究。以亚热带人工针叶林为研究对象,利用2016年叶绿素荧光测量和涡度相关通量观测数据,分析了不同季节湿地松和马尾松叶片荧光参数实际光化学效率(Photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ,ΦPSⅡ)和非光化学淬灭(Non?photochemical quenching,NPQ)的日变化特征,并结合增强回归树等统计方法,定量化环境因子对其影响,最后探讨了荧光参数与总初级生产力(Gross primary productivity,GPP)和光能利用率(Light use efficiency,LUE)的关系。结果表明,ΦPSⅡ日变化总体上呈现“U型”,早晚高午间低,而NPQ先升后降,午间达到峰值,与ΦPSⅡ的日变化显著负相关。研究发现,光照是影响亚热带人工针叶林ΦPSⅡ日变化最主要的环境因子,ΦPSⅡ随着光合有效辐射(Photosynthetically active radiation,PAR)的升高而降低,PAR对湿地松和马尾松叶片ΦPSⅡ的相对贡献率分别为83.0%和51.1%。PAR对湿地松叶片NPQ日变化的相对贡献率也最高(77.2%),但马尾松的NPQ主要受叶片温度(Leaf temperature,Tleaf)的影响(59.6%)。此外,GPP与ΦPSⅡ显著负相关,而与NPQ有显著的正相关关系。LUE随着ΦPSⅡ增长,但存在ΦPSⅡ高而LUE低的情况,LUE与NPQ显著负相关,热耗散的比例越高,光能利用效率也相应降低。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 31130009, 41171153, and 41571251)
文摘Mineral nutrient inputs to soil may alter microbial activity and consequently influence the accumulation of microbial residues. In this study, we investigated the effects of application rates and ratios of mineral fertilizers on the microbial residue carbon(MRC) of reddish paddy soils after long-term(15-year) fertilizer applications in southern China. Contents of three soil amino sugars as microbial residue contents were determined and MRC were calculated based on amino sugars. Results showed that three individual amino sugar contents increased as fertilizer application rates increased until maximum values were reached at a rate of 450-59-187 kg ha^(-1) year^(-1)(N-P-K). The three amino sugar contents then declined significantly under the highest mineral fertilizer application rate of 675-88-280 kg ha^(-1) year^(-1)(N-P-K). In addition, to enhance the microbial residue contents, it was more beneficial to double P(N:P:K= 1:0.26:0.41) in fertilizers applied to the P-deficient reddish paddy soils than to double either N(N:P:K = 2:0.13:0.41) or K(N:P:K= 1:0.13:0.82). The contents of the three individual amino sugars and microbial residues under different fertilizer application rates and ratios were significantly and positively correlated with soil organic carbon(SOC), total N, total P, and p H. Increases in values of the fungal C to bacterial C ratios showed that soil organic matter(SOM) stability increased because of the fertilizer applications over the past 15 years. The contents and ratios of amino sugars can be used as indicators to evaluate the impact of mineral fertilizer applications on SOM dynamics in subtropical paddy soils. The results indicated that fertilizer applications at a rate of 450-59-187 kg ha^(-1) year^(-1)(N-P-K) may improve crop yields, SOC contents, and SOC stability in subtropical paddy soils.
