拓扑图自动生成算法是配电网拓扑接线图自动成图的核心。为此,详细阐述了拓扑图自动生成算法的基本思路,该算法的核心是采用深度优先遍历(depth first search,DFS)算法搜索两点之间的最大距离。同时提出了分层布局、综合实现的成图思想...拓扑图自动生成算法是配电网拓扑接线图自动成图的核心。为此,详细阐述了拓扑图自动生成算法的基本思路,该算法的核心是采用深度优先遍历(depth first search,DFS)算法搜索两点之间的最大距离。同时提出了分层布局、综合实现的成图思想,其具体实现分为3层:1)确定单条馈线的拓扑布局数组;2)确定两两变电站之间的拓扑布局数组;3)确定所有变电站之间的拓扑布局数组。将两两变电站之间的布局数组填充至所有变电站的布局数组中,可以得到配电网全网的布局数组,按照全网布局数组所确定的各变电站和各设备的坐标位置和互联信息,生成全网的拓扑接线图。该方法解决了直接一次性求取所有配电网设备在拓扑接线图中的坐标所导致的求解过程高度复杂甚至无解的问题,有效避免了交叉,大大减少了成图时间。最后,通过工程实际应用,验证了该算法的有效性和适用性。展开更多
The entrained flow gasification has been identified as the most promising gasification technology.Serious environmental pollution and waste of land resources are caused by the increasing amount of storage and producti...The entrained flow gasification has been identified as the most promising gasification technology.Serious environmental pollution and waste of land resources are caused by the increasing amount of storage and production of coal gasification slag.The aim of this work is to explore the feasibility of high-temperature combustion and melting technology for treating coal gasification fine slag and determine the important parameters of system operation.The flow properties and molten slag structure characteristics of three fine slags from different entrained flow gasifiers were studied.Depending on the melting mechanism of melt-dissolution,the melting time of fine slags is short.Three fine slags all produce glassy slags,which is conducive to slag discharge.The degree of polymerization of silicate melt is proportionate to the amount of SiO_(2)in the slag.A part of Al^(3+)exist in the form of[AlO_(4)]^(5-)because of the effect of CaO and Na_(2)O,as the network former.Finally,the degree of polymerization of the three type molten slag was calculated by considering the role of Si and Al in molten slag and the property of each one.展开更多
Municipal solid waste incineration(MSWI)fly ash constitutes a hazardous waste.Melting disposal has been verified to be prospective for stabilizing heavy metals and dioxins.Release of contaminant HCl during MSWI fly as...Municipal solid waste incineration(MSWI)fly ash constitutes a hazardous waste.Melting disposal has been verified to be prospective for stabilizing heavy metals and dioxins.Release of contaminant HCl during MSWI fly ash thermal treatment leads to potential environmental risks.The behavior and transformation of chlorine are critical to the disposal strategy of MSWI fly ash.In this study,the pathway of HCl formation in MSWI fly ash thermal treatment under complex atmosphere was revealed.Results show that CaOHCl in fly ash was first decomposed to CaCl_(2),CaO and H_(2)O below 550°C,which provides H for HCl generation.Then,CaCl_(2),NaCl or KCl were reacted with H_(2)O to release HCI,during which process H_(2)O and O2 promote HCl formation,CO inhibit HCl production since H_(2)O is consumed in water-gas reaction.The initial temperature of HCl generation affected by the concentration of H_(2)O in the atmosphere.When temperature up to 1250°C,almost all NaCl or KCl were volatilized,HCl mainly from the reaction of chlorine-containing minerals with H_(2)O,such as Ca_(19.2)Mg_(2.8)(Si_(0.75)Al_(0.75))8 O36Cl_(2),Ca4(SiO4)(SO4)Cl_(2)and Ca10(SiO4)3Cl_(2)in N_(2),CO and air atmosphere separately.Moreover,in a reducing atmosphere,metals are more easily chlorinated by HCI,resulting in further consumption of HCI.The order of atmosphere for reducing HCl emissions should be CO>N_(2)>Air>>H_(2)O.展开更多
文摘拓扑图自动生成算法是配电网拓扑接线图自动成图的核心。为此,详细阐述了拓扑图自动生成算法的基本思路,该算法的核心是采用深度优先遍历(depth first search,DFS)算法搜索两点之间的最大距离。同时提出了分层布局、综合实现的成图思想,其具体实现分为3层:1)确定单条馈线的拓扑布局数组;2)确定两两变电站之间的拓扑布局数组;3)确定所有变电站之间的拓扑布局数组。将两两变电站之间的布局数组填充至所有变电站的布局数组中,可以得到配电网全网的布局数组,按照全网布局数组所确定的各变电站和各设备的坐标位置和互联信息,生成全网的拓扑接线图。该方法解决了直接一次性求取所有配电网设备在拓扑接线图中的坐标所导致的求解过程高度复杂甚至无解的问题,有效避免了交叉,大大减少了成图时间。最后,通过工程实际应用,验证了该算法的有效性和适用性。
基金financially supported by Class A Strategic Pilot Science and Technology Project,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDA21040602)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U1810127)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association,Chinese Academy of Science(Grant No.Y201932)。
文摘The entrained flow gasification has been identified as the most promising gasification technology.Serious environmental pollution and waste of land resources are caused by the increasing amount of storage and production of coal gasification slag.The aim of this work is to explore the feasibility of high-temperature combustion and melting technology for treating coal gasification fine slag and determine the important parameters of system operation.The flow properties and molten slag structure characteristics of three fine slags from different entrained flow gasifiers were studied.Depending on the melting mechanism of melt-dissolution,the melting time of fine slags is short.Three fine slags all produce glassy slags,which is conducive to slag discharge.The degree of polymerization of silicate melt is proportionate to the amount of SiO_(2)in the slag.A part of Al^(3+)exist in the form of[AlO_(4)]^(5-)because of the effect of CaO and Na_(2)O,as the network former.Finally,the degree of polymerization of the three type molten slag was calculated by considering the role of Si and Al in molten slag and the property of each one.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1810127)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association,Chinese Academy of Science(Y201932).
文摘Municipal solid waste incineration(MSWI)fly ash constitutes a hazardous waste.Melting disposal has been verified to be prospective for stabilizing heavy metals and dioxins.Release of contaminant HCl during MSWI fly ash thermal treatment leads to potential environmental risks.The behavior and transformation of chlorine are critical to the disposal strategy of MSWI fly ash.In this study,the pathway of HCl formation in MSWI fly ash thermal treatment under complex atmosphere was revealed.Results show that CaOHCl in fly ash was first decomposed to CaCl_(2),CaO and H_(2)O below 550°C,which provides H for HCl generation.Then,CaCl_(2),NaCl or KCl were reacted with H_(2)O to release HCI,during which process H_(2)O and O2 promote HCl formation,CO inhibit HCl production since H_(2)O is consumed in water-gas reaction.The initial temperature of HCl generation affected by the concentration of H_(2)O in the atmosphere.When temperature up to 1250°C,almost all NaCl or KCl were volatilized,HCl mainly from the reaction of chlorine-containing minerals with H_(2)O,such as Ca_(19.2)Mg_(2.8)(Si_(0.75)Al_(0.75))8 O36Cl_(2),Ca4(SiO4)(SO4)Cl_(2)and Ca10(SiO4)3Cl_(2)in N_(2),CO and air atmosphere separately.Moreover,in a reducing atmosphere,metals are more easily chlorinated by HCI,resulting in further consumption of HCI.The order of atmosphere for reducing HCl emissions should be CO>N_(2)>Air>>H_(2)O.
文摘目的探讨焦点解决短期治疗(Solution-focused brief therapy,SFBT)联合叙事护理对实施安宁疗护晚期癌症患者焦虑抑郁及生活质量的影响。方法选取2022年8月至2023年5月晚期癌症安宁疗护患者作为研究对象,入院时采用医院焦虑抑郁量表(Hospital anxiety and de-pression scale,HADS)进行调查,筛选评分≥8分的患者纳入本研究(n=110),按照随机数字表法分为对照组(n=55)和试验组(n=55)。对照组采用安宁疗护常规护理,试验组在对照组的基础上采用焦点解决短期治疗联合叙事护理进行干预。比较两组干预前后焦虑自评量表(Self-rating anxiety scale,SAS)、抑郁自评量表(Self-rating depression scale,SDS)和癌症治疗功能评价量表(Functional assessment of cancer therapy,FACT-G)评分的差异,评价干预效果。结果因病情变化或死亡,试验组完成52例,对照组完成53例。干预前,试验组和对照组SAS、SDS、FACT-G评分比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);干预后,试验组SAS、SDS、FACT-G评分分别为(42.52±2.30)分、(57.63±3.80)分、(67.54±2.52)分,对照组SAS、SDS、FACT-G评分分别为(47.29±2.73)分、(62.25±2.87)分、(64.39±3.08)分,两组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论SFBT联合叙事护理干预,可降低晚期癌症患者的负面情绪,缓解抑郁焦虑,提高其生活质量。
