性发育异常(disorders of sex development, DSD)是一大类性腺结构及功能异常的先天性疾病,其主要表现为生殖器外观、性腺结构、性染色体核型不一致等。DSD临床症状高度异质性,从生殖器外观和性腺功能的微小变化到严重的非典型性腺和生...性发育异常(disorders of sex development, DSD)是一大类性腺结构及功能异常的先天性疾病,其主要表现为生殖器外观、性腺结构、性染色体核型不一致等。DSD临床症状高度异质性,从生殖器外观和性腺功能的微小变化到严重的非典型性腺和生殖器都有可能发生。DSD的病因非常复杂,仅通过临床表现、影像学和内分泌检查等手段,很难对DSD进行明确的诊断与鉴别诊断,这对患者的性别选择、性心理发展以及个体化的治疗影响很大。遗传学诊断技术的发展开启了DSD患者诊断的新时代,已经彻底改变了DSD诊断过程。本文综述了DSD遗传学诊断及相关研究进展,为这类疾病的预防、个体化治疗、改善疾病预后以及遗传咨询提供参考。展开更多
It was not until 1970s that the subspecialty of pediatric nephrology was initiated on the foundation of general pediatrics in China. In 1977, Cooperation Group on Childhood Renal Diseases was organized by Prof. WANG B...It was not until 1970s that the subspecialty of pediatric nephrology was initiated on the foundation of general pediatrics in China. In 1977, Cooperation Group on Childhood Renal Diseases was organized by Prof. WANG Bao-lin (Beijing), Prof. JIANG Xin-qiu (Nanjing) and Prof. GUO Yi-qing (Shanghai), which was a milestone for pediatric nephrology in China.展开更多
文摘性发育异常(disorders of sex development, DSD)是一大类性腺结构及功能异常的先天性疾病,其主要表现为生殖器外观、性腺结构、性染色体核型不一致等。DSD临床症状高度异质性,从生殖器外观和性腺功能的微小变化到严重的非典型性腺和生殖器都有可能发生。DSD的病因非常复杂,仅通过临床表现、影像学和内分泌检查等手段,很难对DSD进行明确的诊断与鉴别诊断,这对患者的性别选择、性心理发展以及个体化的治疗影响很大。遗传学诊断技术的发展开启了DSD患者诊断的新时代,已经彻底改变了DSD诊断过程。本文综述了DSD遗传学诊断及相关研究进展,为这类疾病的预防、个体化治疗、改善疾病预后以及遗传咨询提供参考。
文摘It was not until 1970s that the subspecialty of pediatric nephrology was initiated on the foundation of general pediatrics in China. In 1977, Cooperation Group on Childhood Renal Diseases was organized by Prof. WANG Bao-lin (Beijing), Prof. JIANG Xin-qiu (Nanjing) and Prof. GUO Yi-qing (Shanghai), which was a milestone for pediatric nephrology in China.