油脂脱色废白土结构与成分分析及替代脱色产品选择

在大豆油脱色工艺中,会产生大量废白土;若废白土长时间存放,易发生自燃现象,从而引起火灾。本研究根据废白土的成分及结构变化,从而探究其自燃的原因。经实验可得,废白土的含油率、Mg含量和P含量、颗粒大小是导致废白土自燃的因素,可以通过筛选白土颗粒大小、回收废白土的油脂等方式,降低其对环境的危害;综合考虑脱色能力、废白土含油率、稳定性等方面,后续考虑使用混合土(凹凸棒粘土∶活性白土=1∶3)来进行脱色。

鼠双微粒体2基因rs1625525和rs1196336位点基因多态性与乳腺癌遗传易感性的相关性研究

目的探讨鼠双微粒体2(murine double minute 2,MDM2)基因rs1625525,rs1196336两个位点多态性与乳腺癌遗传易感性的关系。方法选取2021年1月~12月中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第九二三医院收治的乳腺癌患者176例,乳腺良性瘤患者156例,同期女性健康体检者203例作为研究对象,采用多重SNaPshot技术检测MDM2基因rs1625525A/G和rs1196336A/T两个位点的基因多态性,比较各组两位点基因型和等位基因频率,分析两个位点多态性与乳腺癌遗传易感性的关系。结果MDM2基因rs1625525位点的AA,AG和GG基因型在乳腺癌组的基因型频率分别为48.9%,39.2%和11.9%,在对照组的基因型频率分别为50.7%,44.3%和5.0%。三种基因型在对照组与乳腺癌组分布频率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=6.314,P<0.05),GG基因型和隐性模型可能增加乳腺癌的患病风险(OR=2.522,95%CI:1.115~5.708,P=0.026;OR=2.699,95%CI:1.221~5.966,P=0.014)。rs1196336位点在共显性模型、显性模型、隐性模型和等位基因模型与乳腺癌患病风险均无明显相关性(OR=1.045,95%CI:0.686~1.591;OR=1.048,95%CI:0.402~2.728;OR=1.045,95%CI:0.694~1.574;OR=1.026,95%CI:0.403~2.613;OR=1.031,95%CI:0.747~1.423,均P>0.05)。结论MDM2基因rs1625525位点GG基因型和隐性模型可能增加乳腺癌的患病风险,rs1196336位点基因多态性与乳腺癌的发病风险无明显相关性。

沙库巴曲缬沙坦钠联合芪参益气滴丸治疗慢性心衰的疗效观察

目的:观察沙库巴曲缬沙坦钠联合芪参益气滴丸治疗慢性心衰(CHF)的疗效。方法:选择我院2017-06—2018-02诊治的CHF患者84例,采用随机盲法分为两组,每组42例。对照组采用常规疗法并给予沙库巴曲缬沙坦钠(50mg/次,2次/天)治疗,观察组在对照组基础上联合芪参益气滴丸(2-3丸/次,3次/天)治疗,疗程均为3个月。分析两组患者治疗前后临床生命体征(心率、血压)、心功能疗效、心动图参数[(左心室舒张末期与收缩末期血容量,EDV,ESV),射血分数(EF)、每搏输出量(SV)、心输出量(CO)]及B型利钠肽前体(pro-BNP)、C反应蛋白(CRP)指标变化。结果:观察组心功能显效率及总有效率均高于对照组(均P<0.05)。治疗前,两组患者的心率、血压、脉搏、ESV、EDV、CO、EF、SV、pro-BNP及CRP水平无统计学差异(均P>0.05);治疗后,两组患者以上指标均明显改善,且观察组各指标改善效果明显优于对照组(均P<0.05)。结论:沙库巴曲缬沙坦钠联合芪参益气滴丸治疗CHF患者可有效改善心功能与临床生命体征,降低pro-BNP及CRP水平,较沙库巴曲缬沙坦钠单用疗效更好。

食用油煎炸过程特征指标的相关性分析

以大豆油和菜籽油为研究对象,探讨在170℃油温条件下循环煎炸达15 h过程中,煎炸油脂的感官品质和特征指标的变化,同时研究脂肪酸组成、极性组分、黏度值与油脂泡高值的相互关系。结果表明,煎炸过程大豆油的感官要优于菜籽油,两种油的酸值变化均符合卫生标准(酸值≤5 mgKOH/g),泡高值、黏度、极性组分与煎炸时间均存在极显著的正相关关系(P<0.01)。此外黏度、极性组分这两者与泡高值也存在极显著的正相关关系(P<0.01)。植物油总饱和脂肪酸相对含量会逐渐增加,和泡高值存在极显著的正相关关系(P<0.01);其总不饱和脂肪酸相对含量会逐渐减低,和泡高值存在极显著的负相关关系(P<0.01),总反式脂肪酸含量会逐渐减低,和泡高值存在极显著的负相关关系(P<0.01)。

曲靖市中小学数学教学研究报告

曲靖市是云南省第二大市,中小学教育位居云南省至少第二位,全市多年来中高考数学成绩未能有大的突破。如何使学生数学素质获得全面提升,突破数学教学质量瓶颈,是教育管理者和数学教师需要探索与解决的重要问题,也是当今教育改革的热点和难点问题。该文通过广泛的调查研究,分析了曲靖市中小学数学教学现状,剖析了曲靖市中小学数学教学中存在的主要问题,对提高曲靖市中小学数学教学质量提出了切实可行的对策建议。

曼陀罗不同部位提取物对红火蚁的作用

【目的】研究曼陀罗不同部位提取物对小、中型红火蚁工蚁的毒杀活性及行为作用,为利用植物源药剂防治红火蚁及其他有害生物提供科学依据。【方法】采用水试管喂养法,探究曼陀罗根、茎、叶、花和种子提取物对红火蚁的毒力及攀爬率、抓附率、行走率和聚集率等行为的影响。【结果】曼陀罗不同部位提取物对小、中型红火蚁均具有一定的毒力,且随处理时间的延长红火蚁死亡率上升,其中以曼陀罗干叶和干花对两种蚁型红火蚁的毒杀效果最好,处理11 d后,干叶和干花提取物处理小型蚁的死亡率分别为98.67%和100.00%、中型蚁的死亡率均为100.00%。曼陀罗不同部位提取物对红火蚁的抓附率、攀爬率、聚集率和行走率等行为也具有抑制作用,其中以曼陀罗干花和干叶的作用效果最好,处理11 d后,干花提取物处理两种蚁型红火蚁的攀爬率、抓附率、聚集率和行走率均为0;干叶提取物处理小型蚁的攀爬率、抓附率和行走率均为1.33%、聚集率为0,而中型蚁的攀爬率、抓附率、行走率和聚集率均为0。【结论】曼陀罗不同部位提取物对两种蚁型红火蚁均具有良好的毒杀活性,对其行为有一定的抑制作用,其中以干花的影响力最明显,具有开发成新型绿色环保红火蚁防治植物材料的潜力。

1-MCP处理提高采后“红心”番石榴果实品质和耐贮性

研究1-MCP处理对“红心”番石榴果实在(25±1)℃,85%RH环境下的保鲜效果。在贮藏期间测定果实呼吸强度、乙烯释放速率、果实相对电导率、果皮色调角h°、果实硬度及果实相关营养品质和耐贮性指标的变化。结果表明,1μL/L 1-MCP处理可降低“红心”番石榴果实呼吸强度、乙烯释放速率和相对电导率,保持较高的果皮表面色调角h°、硬度、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、维生素C、番茄红素和蔗糖的含量,较低的葡萄糖和果糖的含量,推迟果实黄化和软化,减少果实失重和腐烂。因此,1-MCP处理是一种提高常温“红心”番石榴果实贮藏品质和耐贮性有效措施。

Ki-67对晚期卵巢癌患者肿瘤细胞减灭术后复发转移的预测价值

目的探讨Ki-67对晚期卵巢癌患者肿瘤细胞减灭术后复发转移的预测价值。方法共纳入109例晚期卵巢癌,均接受肿瘤细胞减灭术,根据术后免疫组织化学染色Ki-67表达状态分为Ki-67阳性组57例和Ki-67阴性组52例,比较2组一般临床病理资料,运用多因素Cox回归分析获得晚期卵巢癌患者肿瘤细胞减灭术后复发转移的影响因素,采用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分析2组术后5年无病生存率,并绘制预测晚期卵巢癌患者肿瘤细胞减灭术后复发转移的决策曲线。结果2组癌抗原125(CA125)、临床分期、淋巴结转移、腹膜转移、脉管浸润、分化程度及肿瘤大小比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。多因素Cox回归分析结果显示,CA125、临床分期、腹膜转移及Ki-67表达为晚期卵巢癌患者肿瘤细胞减灭术后复发转移的独立危险因素(P<0.05,P<0.01),其中Ki-67阳性表达患者肿瘤细胞减灭术后复发转移的风险是Ki-67阴性表达患者的3.896倍。Kaplan-Meier生存曲线显示,Ki-67阴性组术后1、3、5年无病生存率明显高于Ki-67阳性组(P<0.01)。决策曲线显示,CA125、临床分期、腹膜转移及Ki-67表达独立预测晚期卵巢癌患者肿瘤细胞减灭术后复发转移均具有良好的净获益,并且联合预测的总体净获益高于单一指标预测。结论Ki-67用于预测晚期卵巢癌患者肿瘤细胞减灭术后复发转移具有良好的临床价值,并且CA125、临床分期、腹膜转移及Ki-67联合预测的价值最高。

An Empirical Method for Estimating Background Stratospheric Aerosol Extinction Profiles over China

The current paper introduces an empirical method for estimating the vertical distribution of background stratospheric aerosol extinction profiles covering the latitude bands of 50±5°N,40±5°N,30±5°N,and 20±5°N and the longitude range of 75 135°E based on Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) II aerosol extinction measurements at wavelengths of 1020 nm,525 nm,452 nm,and 386 nm for the volcanically calm years between 1998 2004.With this method,the vertical distribution of stratospheric aerosol extinction coefficients can be estimated according to latitude and wavelength.Comparisons of the empirically calculated aerosol extinction profiles and the SAGE II aerosol measurements show that the empirically calculated aerosol extinction coefficients are consistent with SAGE II values,with relative differences within 10% from 2 km above the tropopause to 33 km,and within 22% from 33 km to 35 km.The empirically calculated aerosol stratospheric optical depths (vertically integrated aerosol extinction coefficient) at the four wavelengths are also consistent with the corresponding SAGE II optical depth measurements,with differences within 2.2% in the altitude range from 2 km above the tropopause to 35 km.

Stratospheric Aerosol Extinction Profile Retrieval from SCIAMACHY Limb Measurements

Stratospheric aerosol extinction profiles are retrieved from Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Cartography(SCIAMACHY) limb scatter measurements.In the process of retrieval,the SCIATRAN radiative transfer model is used to simulate the limb scattering radiation received by the SCIAMACHY instrument,and an optimal estimation algorithm is used to calculate the aerosol extinction profiles.Sensitivity analyses are performed to investigate the impact of the surface albedo on the accuracy of the retrieved aerosol extinction profiles in the northern midlatitudes.It is found that the errors resulting from the bias of the assumed surface albedo in the retrieval are generally below 6%.The retrieved SCIAMACHY aerosol extinction profiles are compared with corresponding Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment(SAGE) II measurements,and the results indicate that for the zonal mean profiles,the SCIAMACHY retrievals show good agreement with SAGE II measurements,with the absolute differences being less than 2.3×10-5 km-1 from 14–25 km,and less than 5.9×10-6 km-1 from 25–35 km;and the relative differences being within 20% over the latitude range of 14–35 km.

Vertical Distribution of Stratospheric Ozone over China

Based on the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) II and the Halogen Occultation Ex-periment (HALOE) ozone profiles and the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) total ozone data sets,the characteristics and variations of the vertical distribution of stratospheric ozone covering the latitude bands of 50oN±5oN,40oN±5oN,30oN±5oN,and 20oN±5oN and the longitude range of 75-135oE are investigated.The results indicate that the ozone distribution pattern over China not only has general behaviors,but also has particular char-acteristics.In view of the situation that ozone distribu-tions have substantial deviation from zonal symmetry in northern China,the differences of the vertical ozone dis-tribution between the east and the west part of northern China are studied.The results indicate that during winter,spring,and autumn,in the latitude bands of 50oN±5oN,40oN±5oN,ozone concentrations in the eastern part (105 -135oE) are obviously higher than those of the west (75-105oE) at the altitudes of ozone density maximum and below;during summer,in the latitude band of 50oN±5oN,the east-west ozone profile difference is small,but in the latitude band of 40oN±5oN,the east-west total ozone difference becomes as large as 14.0 DU,and the east-west ozone profile difference mainly exists in the lowermost stratosphere and troposphere.

脂质体技术在油脂工业中的研究进展

综述了脂质体技术在油脂包埋中的应用。介绍了其产品在各行业中的应用现状,旨在为脂质体在油脂工业中的进一步开发和应用提供理论依据。

An Empirical Model for Estimating the Zonal Mean Aerosol Extinction Profiles from SAGE II Measurements

This paper presents an empirical model for estimating the zonal mean aerosol extinction profiles in the stratosphere over 10°-wide latitude bands between 60°S and 60°N, on the basis of Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment(SAGE) II aerosol extinction measurements at 1.02, 0.525, and 0.452 μm during the volcanically quiescent period between 1998–2004. First, an empirical model is developed for calculating the stratospheric aerosol extinction profiles at 1.02 μm. Then, starting from the 1.02 μm extinction profile and an exponential spectral dependence, an empirical algorithm is developed that allows the aerosol extinction profiles at other wavelengths to be calculated. Comparisons of the model-calculated aerosol extinction profiles at the wavelengths of 1.02, 0.525, and 0.452 μm and the SAGE II measurements show that the model-calculated aerosol extinction coefficients conform well with the SAGE II values, with the relative differences generally being within 15% from 2 km above the tropopause to 40 km. The model-calculated stratospheric aerosol optical depths at the three wavelengths are also in good agreement with the corresponding optical depths derived from the SAGE II measurements, with the relative differences being within 0.9% for all latitude bands. This paper provides a useful tool in simulating zonal mean aerosol extinction profiles, which can be used as representative background stratospheric aerosols in view of atmospheric modeling and remote sensing retrievals.

Characterization of Stratospheric Aerosol Distributions during the Volcanically Quiescent Period of 1998–2004

The Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment(SAGE) Ⅱ aerosol extinction profiles at 1020 nm were used to study the distribution characteristics of stratospheric aerosols during the volcanically quiescent period of 1998–2004. The stratospheric aerosol distributions exhibited hemispheric asymmetry between the Northern Hemisphere(NH) and the Southern Hemisphere(SH). In the lower stratosphere below 20 km, the zonal averaged aerosol optical depths in the NH were higher than those of the corresponding SH; whereas at higher altitudes above 20 km, the optical depths in the SH— except the equatorial region—were higher than those of the NH. At 0–10°N and 10–20°N, the stratospheric aerosol optical depth(SAOD) exhibited larger values in boreal winter and lower values in the spring and summer; at 0–10°S and 10–20°S, the SAOD presented small seasonal variations. At 30–40°N, the SAOD presented larger values in the boreal fall and winter and lower values in the spring and summer; while at 30–40°S, the SAOD exhibited larger values in the austral winter and early spring and lower values in the summer and fall. These characteristics can mainly be attributed to the seasonal cycle of the dynamic transport, and the effects of the buildup and breakdown of the polar vortex. At 50–60°S, the SAOD exhibited extremely high values during austral winter associated with the Antarctic polar vortex boundary; at 50–60°N, the SAOD also exhibited larger values during the boreal winter, but it was much less obvious than that of its southern counterpart.

Towards a combined SAGE Ⅱ and SCIAMACHY aerosol dataset and implications for stratospheric aerosol trend analysis over East Asia

利用SCIAMACHY临边探测资料反演出平流层气溶胶消光系数廓线。将2003–2004年SCIAMACHY气溶胶反演结果同SAGE Ⅱ探测结果进行对比,结果表明在15–35 km高度范围,反演结果在20–30°N和30–40°N范围平均相对偏差小于20%,在40–50°N范围小于25%。计算出的平流层气溶胶光学厚度与SAGE Ⅱ探测结果的相对偏差在3个纬度范围均小于6%。将SCIAMACHY反演结果与SAGE Ⅱ探测资料相结合,构建平流层气溶胶长期探测资料。根据这些资料,分析东亚(20–50°N,70–150°E)平流层气溶胶变化趋势。结果表明东亚平流层气溶胶在2000–2010年期间呈现显著增加趋势。平流层气溶胶光学厚度在这11年期间平均每年增加5%。中等强度火山爆发对平流层气溶胶增加有显著影响。