Ecological risk assessment of metals in soils is important to develop the critical loads of metals in soils. Phytotoxicity is one of the endpoints for ecological risk assessment of soils contaminated with metals. The ...Ecological risk assessment of metals in soils is important to develop the critical loads of metals in soils. Phytotoxicity is one of the endpoints for ecological risk assessment of soils contaminated with metals. The sensitivity of eight Chinese plant species（bok choy, mustard, tomato, green chilli, paddy rice, barley, spinach and celery） to copper（Cu） and nickel（Ni） toxicity in two Chinese soils was investigated to assess their potential use for ecological risk assessment in the region. The results showed that bok choy and mustard were the two most sensitive species to Cu and Ni toxicities. Assessment of metal accumulation by the plants demonstrated that bok choy shoot had the highest bioconcentration factor（BCF, the ratio of metal concentration in plant shoots to metal concentration in soil）. Given the importance of bok choy to agricultural production in Asia, it is therefore important that these sensitive plant species are included in species sensitivity distributions for ecological risk assessment of Cu and Ni in soils.展开更多
文摘【目的】八宝景天(Hylotelephium spectabile)是研究最多的修复Cd污染土壤的植物之一,但还需进一步提高其修复效率以增加其实际应用价值。本研究比较分析了不同氮肥类型以及螯合剂对污染土壤上八宝景天Cd吸收转运的影响及其作用机制,以期为强化八宝景天Cd修复效率提供科学依据和技术支持。【方法】采用八宝景天进行了盆栽试验,供试土壤为采自四川绵竹的潴育水稻土和广西阳朔的棕色石灰土,两个土壤Cd含量均超过我国农田土壤污染风险筛选值。在氮磷钾肥料施用量一致的条件下,设置生理中性的碳酸氢铵(NH4HCO3)、生理酸性氯化铵(NH4Cl)、生理碱性氨水(NH3·H2O)以及NH4HCO3配施壳聚糖4个处理。八宝景天生长20天后,测定根、茎、叶生物量和Cd含量,并测定了根际土壤pH、有效态Cd含量以及不同形态Cd含量。【结果】NH4Cl较NH4HCO3处理降低了两种土壤根际pH,提高了有效态Cd含量。NH4HCO3配施壳聚糖处理对根际土壤酸化效果强于NH4Cl处理,潴育水稻土和棕色石灰土两种土壤根际有效态Cd含量分别较NH4Cl处理提高18.6%和15.5%。此外,与施用NH4HCO3相比,NH4Cl提高了两种土壤水溶态和弱酸提取态Cd含量,而NH4HCO3配施壳聚糖处理虽使水溶态Cd含量增加,但由于壳聚糖与土壤中Cd形成稳定性较强的络合物,同时促进了八宝景天对弱酸提取态Cd的吸收,因此其根际弱酸提取态Cd含量无显著差异。NH4HCO3、NH4Cl和NH3·H2 O 3种氮肥类型对八宝景天生长和Cd吸收转运的促进作用无显著差别,而NH4HCO3配施壳聚糖则使八宝景天生物量较其他施氮处理显著提高了29.6%~79.8%,同时NH4HCO3配施壳聚糖对八宝景天Cd吸收转运的促进作用受土壤类型、理化性质和污染程度的影响,对棕色石灰土上八宝景天各部位C d含量、生物富集系数和转运系数分别提高了16.0%~143.4%、45.8%~137.5%和25.3%~81.6%,而在潴育水稻土上促进作用均较小。【结论】在施氮量一致的情况下,施用生理酸性氮肥有利于促进八宝景天Cd吸收,肥料和壳聚糖配施可能是强化八宝景天Cd修复效率的有效措施。其强化效果在中性偏碱性土壤上好于在酸性土壤上。
基金financial support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(40971262,40620120436 and 41401361)the International Copper Association,Rio Tinto Pty Ltd.and the Nickel Producers Environmental Research Association
文摘Ecological risk assessment of metals in soils is important to develop the critical loads of metals in soils. Phytotoxicity is one of the endpoints for ecological risk assessment of soils contaminated with metals. The sensitivity of eight Chinese plant species（bok choy, mustard, tomato, green chilli, paddy rice, barley, spinach and celery） to copper（Cu） and nickel（Ni） toxicity in two Chinese soils was investigated to assess their potential use for ecological risk assessment in the region. The results showed that bok choy and mustard were the two most sensitive species to Cu and Ni toxicities. Assessment of metal accumulation by the plants demonstrated that bok choy shoot had the highest bioconcentration factor（BCF, the ratio of metal concentration in plant shoots to metal concentration in soil）. Given the importance of bok choy to agricultural production in Asia, it is therefore important that these sensitive plant species are included in species sensitivity distributions for ecological risk assessment of Cu and Ni in soils.
