18种杀菌剂对黑龙江省稻瘟病菌的室内毒力测定

为筛选针对稻瘟病高效的药剂,研究采用生长速率抑制法和玻片萌发法,测定了18种杀菌剂对稻瘟病菌(Magnaporthe grisea)菌丝生长和孢子萌发的影响。结果表明:45%三苯基乙酸锡、25%腈菌唑、80%乙蒜素、25%咪鲜胺、戊唑醇(有效含量430 g·L^(-1))和75%肟菌·戊唑醇对稻瘟病菌菌丝生长具有最高的抑菌作用。其EC_(50)值分别为1.594 7,2.791 2,3.039 3,3.132 5,3.224 1,3.522 0μg·mL^(-1);25%腈菌唑、25%咪鲜胺、80%乙蒜素、45%三苯基乙酸锡对病原菌分生孢子萌发具有较高的抑制作用,其EC_(50)值分别为0.042 7,0.301 6,0.421 7,0.651 3μg·mL^(-1)。45%三苯基乙酸锡、25%腈菌唑、80%乙蒜素、25%咪鲜胺4种药剂既能抑制稻瘟病菌菌丝生长又能抑制孢子萌发。

护理干预配合连续性血浆吸附滤过在急性药物中毒治疗中的作用

目的分析护理干预配合连续性血浆吸附滤过治疗急性药物中毒的效果。方法选取在本院接受治疗的急性药物中毒患者60例作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将其分为观察组和对照组,每组30例。对照组患者单纯采用常规方式进行治疗,观察组患者在对照组的基础上,结合连续性血浆吸附滤过进行治疗,并配合护理干预措施,对比分析两组患者的临床疗效。结果观察组的总有效率和并发症发生率分别为96. 67%、6. 67%,均明显优于对照组80. 00%、26. 67%(P <0. 05)。结论采用护理干预配合连续性血浆吸附滤过的方式对急性药物中毒患者进行治疗,临床疗效显著。

Differential Gene and Protein Expression in Soybean at Early Stages of Incompatible Interaction with Phytophthora sojae

Soybean root and stem rot caused by Phytophthora sojae is a destructive disease worldwide. Using genetic resistance is an important and major component in the integrated pest management of this disease. To understand molecular mechanisms of root and stem rot resistance in soybeans, the gene and protein expression in hypocotyls and stems of variety Suinong 10 carrying resistance genes Rps1a and Rps2 was investigated by using mRNA differential display reverse transcription PCR and two-dimensional electrophoresis at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 h after inoculation with P. sojae race 1. The results of the comparison of gene and protein expression showed that at least eight differential fragments at the transcriptional level were related to metabolic pathway, phytoalexin, and signal transduction in defense responses. Sequence analyses indicated that these fragments represented cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase gene, ATP b gene coding ATP synthase b subunit and ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme gene which upregulated at 0.5 h post inoculation, blue copper protein gene and UDP-N-acetyl-a-D-galactosamine gene which upregulated at 2 h post inoculation, TGA-type basic leucine zipper protein TGA1.1 gene, cyclophilin gene, and 14-3-3 protein gene which upregulated at 4 h post inoculation. Three resistance-related proteins, a-subunit and b-subunit of ATP synthase, and cytochrome P450-like protein, were upregulated at 2 h post inoculation. The results suggested that resistance-related multiple proteins and genes were expressed in the recognition between soybean and P. sojae during zoospore germination, penetration and mycelium growth of P. sojae in soybean.

Genetic Diversity of Ustilaginoidea virens in Heilongjiang Province

In recent years, the occurrence of rice false smut has become increasingly serious and the area of damage has expanded year by year, so the false smut has become one of the diseases which have seriously affected rice yield and quality in Heilongjiang Province. However, the genetic diversity research on false smut in Heilongjiang Province was relatively weak. In the current investigation, seven polymorphic SSR markers were taken to analyze the genetic diversity among 89 strains of the pathogens of rice false smut collected from five main rice growing areas in Heilongjiang Province, China. The results showed that the amplified bands of each pair of primers were between 2 and 7. A total of 43 bands were obtained, and each primer was expanded for 4.8 bands. The genetic similarity coefficient(GSC) between strains by using SSR molecular marker analysis showed that the GSC of the strain of Ustilaginoidea virens was 0.613-0.955, with an average of 0.741. According to the results cluster analysis, when the genetic distance was 0.73, 89 strains were divided into three groups, and five strains of rice smut strains were distributed in three populations, and strains in Harbin City were mainly distributed in group Ⅲ. In Mudanjiang City, the strains were mainly distributed in groups Ⅰ and Ⅲ, and the strains in Suihua City were mainly distributed in groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ, and the strains in Jiamusi City were evenly distributed in groups Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ, and the strains in Qiqihar City were mainly distributed in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ. The results showed that the genetic background of Ustilaginoidea virens in Heilongjiang Province was relatively low in complexity, and the overall inheritance of the strain was relatively stable.

Establishment of a Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rice Bacterial Leaf Brown Spot Disease

Rice bacterial leaf brown spot disease caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv.syringae(Pss)is a major disease on rice.In recent years,Pss has emerged worldwide,seriously affecting rice production.It is very important to establish a rapid detection method of Pss for the diagnosis and prevention of this disease.In order to robust and accurately diagnose the rice bacterial leaf brown spot disease in the field and laboratory,an assay system for the Pss was developed in this study,and the specific sequence of hrcN was used as the target,based on loop-mediated isothermal amplification(LAMP).The best detection system was MgSO 48 mmol·L^(-1),Bst DNA polymerase 8 U,dNTP 1.4 mmol·L^(-1),the ratio of internal and outer primers was 2:1,the reaction temperature was 63℃,the reaction time was 45 min,and the lowest sensitivity was 104 CFU·mL^(-1).This results provided an accurate and robust method for laboratory and field diagnosis of bacterial leaf brown spot disease of rice.

Study on Exogenous Ethylene Induced Rice Resistance to Rhizoctonia solani

Rice sheath blight is one of the main diseases in rice production in China,which can make rice unable to absorb and utilize nutrients,and has a serious impact on rice yield and quality.In this study,exogenous ethylene was used to induce rice resistance against rice sheath blight,aiming at exploring a new environment-friendly control method of rice sheath blight.The results showed that within a range of certain concentrations,ethylene had no significant effects on mycelium growth,but it could induce resistance to sheath blight in rice.The optimum concentration was 0.2 mmol•L^(-1) and the relative control was 86.17%.It was found that ethylene could effectively increase the activities of peroxidase(POD),phenylalanine ammonia-lyase(PAL),β-1,3-glucanase and reduce the contents of malondialdehyde(MDA),which could enhance the resistance of rice against Rhizoctonia solani.In addition,qRT-PCR detected the expressions of rice defense genes,which indicated that the expressions of the POX,PAL and OsPR1b genes were up-regulated.