鸭绿江水体中有机磷酸酯阻燃剂的浓度水平及污染特征

于2021年4月对鸭绿江干流及其主要支流水体中14种目标有机磷酸酯(OPEs)的浓度水平及污染特征进行了调查研究。结果表明,鸭绿江中∑OPEs的浓度从上游到下游逐渐升高,质量浓度为11.6~557.0 ng/L,平均质量浓度为202.5 ng/L,处于世界偏低,全国中下水平。鸭绿江水体中ρ(氯代OPEs)>ρ(烷基代OPEs)>ρ(芳基代OPEs)。14种OPEs中,磷酸三(1氯2丙基)酯(TCPP)质量浓度最高,其次是磷酸三(2氯乙基)酯(TCEP),平均占比分别为31.8%和20.9%。鸭绿江上游水体中OPEs的质量浓度为11.6~135.5 ng/L,平均值为52.8 ng/L,质量浓度最高的是烷基代OPEs;下游水体中OPEs的质量浓度为179.1~557.0 ng/L,平均值为382.3 ng/L,质量浓度最高的是氯代OPEs。上游水体中OPEs主要来源于大气沉降、径流携带等环境迁移,下游水体则主要受到丹东市区生活污水和沿江工业园区废水排放的影响。研究可为今后科学评估此类物质的环境风险并采取精准管控措施,提供数据支持和科学依据。

Studies on Free Radical EPR,Superoxide Dismutase Water-soluble Lipidperoxide in Tears

By means of electron paramagnetic resonance(EPR), chemistry luminescence and fluorescent spectroscopy, the free radical, superoxide dismutase and water soluble lipid peroxide in tears of normal eyes(150 eyes, 100 cases), Moorens ulcer(9 eyes), coreal grafts rejection(16 eyes) were studied. The results showed that the spin density of the free radical was 36(±058)×1012 spins/mL tear, the content of the superoxide dismutase(SOD) was 384(±145) ng/mL tear, the opposite fluorescent density of the water soluble lipid peroxide was 12912(±1691) U/mL tear in normal tears. The normal values are 25—48×1012 spins/mL tear for free radical, 239—529 ng/mL tear for SOD, 9598—16225 U/mL tear for water soluble lipid peroxide. There are significant differences in different eyes, different sexes and different ages. The free radical and lipid peroxide are higher obviously in the tears of patients with Moorens ulcer and rejected corneal grafts, compared with those of the normal control subjects(P<001), SOD is lower evidently(P<001). The above fact shows the pathogenic mechanism of Moorens ulcer and keractoplasty rejection is significantly related to toxicities injuring effect of the free radical. These results have provided important experimental data for studying lacrimalogy and new methods for clinical diagnosis and treatrment.

PS无酸高级氧化工艺深度处理制浆造纸废水的工程应用

相较于Fenton高级氧化深度处理造纸废水,PS无酸高级氧化技术具有无需调节进水pH,药剂稳定等优点。基于此,以某造纸厂废水PS无酸高级氧化处理工程为依托,系统分析了该技术的工艺特点,研究了过硫酸钠、硫酸亚铁、氢氧化钠、聚合氯化铝等处理药剂用量与水量、进水负荷、COD去除量之间的关系。连续运行数据表明,高级氧化深度处理进水COD平均值为116 mg·L^(-1),出水COD平均值为47 mg·L^(-1),可稳定保持在60 mg·L^(-1)以下。过硫酸钠、硫酸亚铁、氢氧化钠及聚合氯化铝的平均投加量分别为0.06、0.12、0.09和0.095kg·m^(-3)(以单位水量计),硫酸亚铁和过硫酸钠的投加摩尔比例为2.0~3.0。采用UV-vis光谱、三维荧光和气相质谱等指纹图谱分析手段对深度处理水样中溶解性有机物(DOM)特性进行了分析,结果表明,中小分子质量的DOM物质比例有所提高,芳香族难生物降解污染物和类腐殖酸均得到了有效降解。此外,对PS无酸高级氧化技术进行了系统工艺分析。以上研究结果可为废水处理中新型高级氧化技术的应用提供参考。