Eleven grape cultivars were analysed to explore the variety differences of fresh grape phenolic profiles. The results showed that free phenolics were predominant in grape skins and pulps, and showed the higher antioxi...Eleven grape cultivars were analysed to explore the variety differences of fresh grape phenolic profiles. The results showed that free phenolics were predominant in grape skins and pulps, and showed the higher antioxidant activities than bound. In 11 cultivars, Muscat Kyoho extracts had the highest total phenolic content in skins(10.525 mg GAE g^(–1) FW) and pulps(1.134 mg GAE g^(–1) FW), and exhibited the highest DPPH radical scavening capacity(EC_(50)=11.7 μg mL^(–1)) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity(ORAC) value(190.57 μmol TE g^(–1) FW) of free phenolic in skin. In addition, the most abundant phenolics in grape skins were found to be flavonoids such as kaempferol in Kyoho skin(541.2 μg g^(–1) FW), rutin, catechin and epicatechin in Muscat Kyoho skin(262.3, 86.3 and 70.0 μg g^(–1) FW, respectively). Furthermore, the principal component analysis showed a strong difference of phenolic profiles with the cultivars, existing forms and distributions. Pearson correlation coefficient analysis showed a significant linear correlation between total phenolic content and antioxidant activity(P<0.05). Therefore, both skins and pulps were rich sources of bioactive phenolic compounds, and Muscat Kyoho was the ideal source among all samples.展开更多
目的观察核苷类药物(nucleoside analogues,NAs)治疗后病毒学应答不佳的慢性乙型肝炎(chronic hepatitis B,CHB)患者换用替诺福韦(Tenofovir,TDF)的疗效和安全性。方法本研究经筛选后纳入108例患者,分为恩替卡韦(Entecavir,ETV)治疗后继...目的观察核苷类药物(nucleoside analogues,NAs)治疗后病毒学应答不佳的慢性乙型肝炎(chronic hepatitis B,CHB)患者换用替诺福韦(Tenofovir,TDF)的疗效和安全性。方法本研究经筛选后纳入108例患者,分为恩替卡韦(Entecavir,ETV)治疗后继续ETV治疗组(ETV to ETV组)(32例)、ETV治疗后换用TDF组(ETV to TDF组)(30例)和非ETV的NAs治疗后换用TDF组(Non-ETV to TDF组)(46例)。观察各组在基线前后各个随访点HBV DNA累计不可检测率、HBV DNA定量等病毒学指标,丙氨酸氨基转移酶、血清肌酐等生化指标的差异。结果ETV to TDF组与ETV to ETV组相比,第24周HBV DNA定量对数为2.0(2.0~2.0)IU/mL vs.2.0(2.0~2.5)IU/mL(P=0.034);第24周HBV DNA累计不可检测率为83.3%vs.56.3%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=5.34,P=0.021),ETV to TDF组明显优于ETV to ETV组;两组之间的总体的HBV DNA不可检测耗时分布的差异不具有统计学意义(χ^(2)=2.366,P=0.124),但HBV DNA不可检测耗时平均值两组分别为(24.8±3.57)和(36.4±5.35)周。ETV to TDF组与Non-ETV to TDF组相比,24和48周的HBV DNA累计不可检测率分别为83.3%vs.82.8%(P=0.935)和90%vs.93.5%(P=0.675),差异均无统计学意义。换药前ETV疗程在48~96周内在换用TDF后HBV DNA转阴时间之间差异无统计学意义(P=0.270)。所有随访患者均未发生病毒学突破。所有随访患者均未发生严重的不良反应,如横纹肌溶解等。结论换用TDF治疗其他核苷类药物初治后病毒学应答不佳的患者是一种疗效好,安全性高的治疗方法。换用TDF治疗可能在一定程度上比继续ETV治疗更快促进ETV应答不佳患者的HBV DNA阴转。ETV疗程在48至96周内可能并不会影响后续换用TDF疗效。展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2016YFD0400203)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31471576)
文摘Eleven grape cultivars were analysed to explore the variety differences of fresh grape phenolic profiles. The results showed that free phenolics were predominant in grape skins and pulps, and showed the higher antioxidant activities than bound. In 11 cultivars, Muscat Kyoho extracts had the highest total phenolic content in skins(10.525 mg GAE g^(–1) FW) and pulps(1.134 mg GAE g^(–1) FW), and exhibited the highest DPPH radical scavening capacity(EC_(50)=11.7 μg mL^(–1)) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity(ORAC) value(190.57 μmol TE g^(–1) FW) of free phenolic in skin. In addition, the most abundant phenolics in grape skins were found to be flavonoids such as kaempferol in Kyoho skin(541.2 μg g^(–1) FW), rutin, catechin and epicatechin in Muscat Kyoho skin(262.3, 86.3 and 70.0 μg g^(–1) FW, respectively). Furthermore, the principal component analysis showed a strong difference of phenolic profiles with the cultivars, existing forms and distributions. Pearson correlation coefficient analysis showed a significant linear correlation between total phenolic content and antioxidant activity(P<0.05). Therefore, both skins and pulps were rich sources of bioactive phenolic compounds, and Muscat Kyoho was the ideal source among all samples.
文摘目的观察核苷类药物(nucleoside analogues,NAs)治疗后病毒学应答不佳的慢性乙型肝炎(chronic hepatitis B,CHB)患者换用替诺福韦(Tenofovir,TDF)的疗效和安全性。方法本研究经筛选后纳入108例患者,分为恩替卡韦(Entecavir,ETV)治疗后继续ETV治疗组(ETV to ETV组)(32例)、ETV治疗后换用TDF组(ETV to TDF组)(30例)和非ETV的NAs治疗后换用TDF组(Non-ETV to TDF组)(46例)。观察各组在基线前后各个随访点HBV DNA累计不可检测率、HBV DNA定量等病毒学指标,丙氨酸氨基转移酶、血清肌酐等生化指标的差异。结果ETV to TDF组与ETV to ETV组相比,第24周HBV DNA定量对数为2.0(2.0~2.0)IU/mL vs.2.0(2.0~2.5)IU/mL(P=0.034);第24周HBV DNA累计不可检测率为83.3%vs.56.3%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=5.34,P=0.021),ETV to TDF组明显优于ETV to ETV组;两组之间的总体的HBV DNA不可检测耗时分布的差异不具有统计学意义(χ^(2)=2.366,P=0.124),但HBV DNA不可检测耗时平均值两组分别为(24.8±3.57)和(36.4±5.35)周。ETV to TDF组与Non-ETV to TDF组相比,24和48周的HBV DNA累计不可检测率分别为83.3%vs.82.8%(P=0.935)和90%vs.93.5%(P=0.675),差异均无统计学意义。换药前ETV疗程在48~96周内在换用TDF后HBV DNA转阴时间之间差异无统计学意义(P=0.270)。所有随访患者均未发生病毒学突破。所有随访患者均未发生严重的不良反应,如横纹肌溶解等。结论换用TDF治疗其他核苷类药物初治后病毒学应答不佳的患者是一种疗效好,安全性高的治疗方法。换用TDF治疗可能在一定程度上比继续ETV治疗更快促进ETV应答不佳患者的HBV DNA阴转。ETV疗程在48至96周内可能并不会影响后续换用TDF疗效。