基于核心素养的课堂改革本质、困境与出路

基于核心素养的课堂改革在推进过程中,出现了远离核心素养的不良现象,这是因为相关课堂实践偏离了改革本质,找不准走出课堂困境的出路。要深入推进基于核心素养的课堂改革,需要把握其质量、理论与实践本质,针对还原论与组装式、概念化与灌装式、简单化与平面式的课堂改革,细化价值重塑、要素整合、创新样态和分层发展等措施。

褐藻素通过NF-κB信号通路在体内、外对自发性糖尿病相关性糖尿病肾病保护作用机制的研究

目的:研究褐藻素对自发性糖尿病相关性糖尿病肾病(DN)的治疗作用。方法:Goto-Kakizaki(GK)大鼠自由食用含或不含褐藻素的标准饲料13周,Wistar大鼠作为对照。褐藻素对分离的大鼠肾小球系膜细胞(GMC)无细胞毒性。用血糖仪测定空腹血糖水平,用全自动生化分析仪测定尿素氮(BUN)和血肌酐(Cr)水平,用ELISA试剂盒测定尿蛋白水平。用ELISA试剂盒检测肾皮质胶原Ⅳ水平,Western blot法检测肾皮质和肾小球系膜细胞转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)、纤维连接蛋白(FN)和肾小球系膜细胞核因子-κB(NF-κB)的表达水平。结果:糖尿病组空腹血糖、尿素氮、血肌酐、尿蛋白水平均较对照组、糖尿病+褐藻素组显著升高(P<0.01);糖尿病组肾皮质胶原Ⅳ、TGF-β1和FN的表达及肾小球系膜细胞TGF-β1和FN均较对照组、糖尿病+褐藻素组显著升高(P<0.01);糖尿病组NF-κB p65表达明显高于对照组与糖尿病+褐藻素组(P<0.01)。结论:褐藻素通过减弱NF-κB信号通路的激活,降低高血糖,预防或阻止与自发性糖尿病相关性DN的发展。

Phase structure of the CPD prepared CdS films before and after Ar^+ ion irradiation

CdS films prepared with chemical pyrolysis deposition (CPD) at differ- ent temperature during film growth were characterized by XRD. Hexagon-like struc- ture appeared at the temperature of 350-500℃, while wurtzite phase was observed at temperature of 540℃ during film growth. Also CdS films prepared by CPD at 400℃ were undergone post annealing at different temperature of 200-600℃ or post Ar+ ion irradiation. It is found that wurtzite phase happened when the annealing temperature rose to 600℃. And hexagon-like structure existed at the annealing temperature from 25℃ to near 500℃. Ar+ ion irradiation could not cause phase transformation. but induce some preferred orientations and an increase in grain size for the CdS films.

阴道镜下子宫颈多点活检及颈管内膜刮取术对高级别子宫颈病变的诊断价值

目的：评价阴道镜下子宫颈多点活检及颈管内膜刮取术（ECC）对高级别子宫颈病变[指子宫颈上皮内瘤变（CIN）Ⅱ及以上病变]的诊断价值。方法2009年4月-2010年4月进行的深圳子宫颈癌筛查项目Ⅱ（SHENCCASTⅡ）是以子宫颈液基细胞学检查联合HPV检测[包括HPV DNA分型和第2代杂交捕获（HC-Ⅱ）法]方法在10000例妇女中进行子宫颈癌筛查，对于上述筛查指标任一结果阳性（即子宫颈癌筛查阳性）者同时行阴道镜下子宫颈多点活检及ECC，对其活检组织（包括多点活检和ECC）进行病理检查。实施阴道镜检查并获得有效病理检查结果及保存有清晰阴道镜图像者共2558例，其中阴道镜下子宫颈4个象限均无异常（即阴道镜检查阴性）者1790例。对照其活检组织的病理诊断，分析子宫颈细胞学检查与HPV检测结果提示高级别子宫颈病变的作用，探讨多点活检与ECC对诊断高级别子宫颈病变的价值。结果2558例行阴道镜检查妇女中，阴道镜检查阴性者1790例（69.98%，1790/2558），其中经多点活检及ECC获取的组织行病理检查后诊断为高级别子宫颈病变者共40例（2.23%，40/1790）。阴道镜检查阴性的40例高级别子宫颈病变患者中，细胞学检查为高级别鳞状上皮内病变（HSIL）和不能除外高度病变的鳞状上皮细胞（ASC-H）者与高级别子宫颈病变的患病高风险有关（OR值分别为28.37、15.07，P值分别为0.000、0.001）；HPV16、52、58、31、33、18型阳性者与高级别子宫颈病变的患病高风险有关（OR=3.11，P=0.017）；HC-Ⅱ法检测HPV阳性者与高级别子宫颈病变的患病高风险有关（OR=3.58，P=0.025）。2558例行阴道镜检查妇女中，≥40岁与〈40岁者ECC阳性（ECC阳性指ECC获取的组织病理诊断为高级别子宫颈病变）率分别为40.7%（44/108）和19.2%（24/125），两者比较，差异有统计学意义（χ2=13.01，P=0.000）；≥40岁与〈40岁者多点活检阳性（指多点活检组织病理诊断为高级别子宫颈病变）率分别为90.7%（98/108）、88.8%（111/125），两者比较，差异无统计学意义（χ2=0.24，P＞0.05）。40例阴道镜检查阴性的高级别子宫颈病变患者中，有32例在3项子宫颈癌高风险因素（即细胞学检查为HSIL或ASC-H，HPV16、18、52和58型中任一亚型阳性，HC-Ⅱ法检测HPV阳性）中至少有2项阳性。结论仅对阴道镜检查阳性者行子宫颈活检，会漏诊部分高级别子宫颈病变患者；对子宫颈癌筛查阳性者均行阴道镜下子宫颈多点活检及ECC，有利于减少漏诊。

Rosiglitazone improves post-infarction left ventricular contractile function in rats

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) is a transcription factor belonging to the nuclear receptor superfamily that binds to specific response elements. Rosiglitazone, promotes insulin sensitization and is a synthetic agonist ligand of PPAR-γ. 1 In recent years, a number of studies have shown that triglitazone and piglitazone, which are chemically related to rosiglitazone, can attenuate postinfarction left ventricular remodeling, 2 but there are few studies assessing whether rosiglitazone similarly improves postinfarction left ventricular remodeling and cardiac function. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine whether rosiglitazone can improve left ventricular remodeling and cardiac function in a rat model of post-myocardial infarction (MI), and to explore potential underlying mechanisms.