A two consecutive years’ field experiment was carried out on four types of semiarid grassland along pre- cipitation gradient in Xilin River Basin of Inner Mongolia during 2001—2003 using a static enclosed black cham...A two consecutive years’ field experiment was carried out on four types of semiarid grassland along pre- cipitation gradient in Xilin River Basin of Inner Mongolia during 2001—2003 using a static enclosed black chamber technique. The variation characteristics of soil respiration fluxes from four different types of grassland along precipita- tion gradient were compared. The possible effect of wa- ter-heat factors on characteristics of grassland soil respira- tion was statistically analyzed and the numerical relational model between soil respiration and water-heat factors was established. Meanwhile the soil CO2 annual emissions of dif- ferent types of grassland were estimated based on the con- secutive and complete set of field observation data. The re- sults indicate that soil respiration has apparent seasonal variation laws, seasonal variation patterns of soil respiration from different types of grassland along precipitation gradient are basically the same, soil respiration fluxes of various grassland communities are relatively high in late spring and summer but relatively low in autumn and winter, negative fluxes of soil respiration were observed from different types of grassland in winter and the further study of their mecha- nism is favorable for the accurate estimation of soil respira- tion amount; soil annual (or growth season) respiration amount of four types of grassland along precipitation gradi- ent decreases progressively along the gradient in the order of Stipa baicalensis meadow steppe > Aneurolepidium chinense steppe > Stipa grandis steppe > Stipa krylovii steppe; soil respiration of different types of grassland during growth season is positively correlated with soil water content at depths of 0—10 and 10—20 cm to different degrees but the correlativity with air temperature and top depth soil temperature is relatively weak, variations of surface soil water content of four types of grassland during growth season can normally explain 70.2%—94.7% of the variations of soil respiration fluxes, whereas during non-growth season of the plants, soil respiration are more likely restricted by air temperature and top depth soil temperature, and variations of temperature conditions can explain over 70% of the variations of soil respiration fluxes.展开更多
The mesostructure at the cross section of the Fe-based nanocrystalline (Fe73.5Cu1Nb3Si13.5B9) ribbon was observed with atomic force microscopy (AFM). An apparent mesostructural difference was found between the stickin...The mesostructure at the cross section of the Fe-based nanocrystalline (Fe73.5Cu1Nb3Si13.5B9) ribbon was observed with atomic force microscopy (AFM). An apparent mesostructural difference was found between the sticking roller face area (SRFA) and the free face area (FFA) of the ribbon crystallized after annealing. In SRFA there is a pre-ponderance of rough grain gathering in longitudinal ar-rangement, while in FFA a fine grain gathering arranged transversely dominates. This phenomenon could be due to the different residual stress remained in the different areas of the amorphous ribbon resulting from the single-roller quenching technique.展开更多
基金jointly supported by the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Granc No.KZCX1-SW-01-04)the Project of Carbon Cycle and Driving Mechanisms in Chinese Terrestrial Ecosystem(Grant No.2002CB412503)the Innovational Project of the Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.CXIOG-E01-03-01).
文摘A two consecutive years’ field experiment was carried out on four types of semiarid grassland along pre- cipitation gradient in Xilin River Basin of Inner Mongolia during 2001—2003 using a static enclosed black chamber technique. The variation characteristics of soil respiration fluxes from four different types of grassland along precipita- tion gradient were compared. The possible effect of wa- ter-heat factors on characteristics of grassland soil respira- tion was statistically analyzed and the numerical relational model between soil respiration and water-heat factors was established. Meanwhile the soil CO2 annual emissions of dif- ferent types of grassland were estimated based on the con- secutive and complete set of field observation data. The re- sults indicate that soil respiration has apparent seasonal variation laws, seasonal variation patterns of soil respiration from different types of grassland along precipitation gradient are basically the same, soil respiration fluxes of various grassland communities are relatively high in late spring and summer but relatively low in autumn and winter, negative fluxes of soil respiration were observed from different types of grassland in winter and the further study of their mecha- nism is favorable for the accurate estimation of soil respira- tion amount; soil annual (or growth season) respiration amount of four types of grassland along precipitation gradi- ent decreases progressively along the gradient in the order of Stipa baicalensis meadow steppe > Aneurolepidium chinense steppe > Stipa grandis steppe > Stipa krylovii steppe; soil respiration of different types of grassland during growth season is positively correlated with soil water content at depths of 0—10 and 10—20 cm to different degrees but the correlativity with air temperature and top depth soil temperature is relatively weak, variations of surface soil water content of four types of grassland during growth season can normally explain 70.2%—94.7% of the variations of soil respiration fluxes, whereas during non-growth season of the plants, soil respiration are more likely restricted by air temperature and top depth soil temperature, and variations of temperature conditions can explain over 70% of the variations of soil respiration fluxes.
文摘The mesostructure at the cross section of the Fe-based nanocrystalline (Fe73.5Cu1Nb3Si13.5B9) ribbon was observed with atomic force microscopy (AFM). An apparent mesostructural difference was found between the sticking roller face area (SRFA) and the free face area (FFA) of the ribbon crystallized after annealing. In SRFA there is a pre-ponderance of rough grain gathering in longitudinal ar-rangement, while in FFA a fine grain gathering arranged transversely dominates. This phenomenon could be due to the different residual stress remained in the different areas of the amorphous ribbon resulting from the single-roller quenching technique.
