Quantum key distribution(QKD),rooted in quantum mechanics,offers information-theoretic security.However,practi-cal systems open security threats due to imperfections,notably bright-light blinding attacks targeting sin...Quantum key distribution(QKD),rooted in quantum mechanics,offers information-theoretic security.However,practi-cal systems open security threats due to imperfections,notably bright-light blinding attacks targeting single-photon detectors.Here,we propose a concise,robust defense strategy for protecting single-photon detectors in QKD systems against blinding attacks.Our strategy uses a dual approach:detecting the bias current of the avalanche photodiode(APD)to defend against con-tinuous-wave blinding attacks,and monitoring the avalanche amplitude to protect against pulsed blinding attacks.By integrat-ing these two branches,the proposed solution effectively identifies and mitigates a wide range of bright light injection attempts,significantly enhancing the resilience of QKD systems against various bright-light blinding attacks.This method forti-fies the safeguards of quantum communications and offers a crucial contribution to the field of quantum information security.展开更多
Background:The incidence of clear cell renal cell carcinoma(ccRCC)is globally high;however,despite the introduction of innovative drug therapies,there remains a lack of effective biomarkers for evaluating treatment re...Background:The incidence of clear cell renal cell carcinoma(ccRCC)is globally high;however,despite the introduction of innovative drug therapies,there remains a lack of effective biomarkers for evaluating treatment response.Recently,Caspase recruiting domain-containing protein 11(CARD11)has garnered attention due to its significant association with tumor development and the immune system.Methods:The expression of CARD11 mRNA and protein in ccRCC were analyzed by public database and immunohistochemistry.The focus of this study is on the epigenomic modifications of CARD11,its expression of ccRCC immunophenotype,and its correlation with response to immunotherapy and targeted therapy.Furthermore,to investigate the mechanism of this molecule’s influence on different biological behaviors of cells,cell tests in vitro have been conducted to observe the impact of its expression level.Results:CARD11 expression was upregulated which may be mainly modified by body methylation and was correlated with poor prognosis in ccRCC.In the tumor microenvironment of ccRCC,CARD11 expression was positively correlated with increased T lymphocyte infiltration and increased expression of inhibitory immune checkpoints.Moreover,ccRCC patients with high CARD11 expression had a better response to immunotherapy and targeted therapy.The knockdown of CARD11 ultimately suppressed the proliferation,migration,and invasion capabilities of ccRCC cells while simultaneously enhancing tumor cell apoptosis.Conclusion:We identified CARD11 as a novel therapeutic biomarker for immunotherapy and targeted therapy in ccRCC.展开更多
The two-parameter Waring is an important heavy-tailed discrete distribution,which extends the famous Yule Simon distribution and provides more flexibility when modelling the data.The commonly used EFF(Expectation-Firs...The two-parameter Waring is an important heavy-tailed discrete distribution,which extends the famous Yule Simon distribution and provides more flexibility when modelling the data.The commonly used EFF(Expectation-First Frequency)for parameter estimation can only be applied when the first moment exists,and it only uses the information of the expectation and the first frequency,which is not as efficient as the maximum likelihood estimator(MLE).However,the MLE may not exist for some sample data.We apply the profle method to the log-likelihood function and derive the necessary and sufficient Conditions for the existence of the MLE of the Waring parameters.We use extensive simulation studies to compare the MLE and EFF methods,and the goodness-of-fit comparison with the Yule Simon distribution.We also apply the Waring distribution to fit an insurance data.展开更多
We propose a two-step variable selection procedure for censored quantile regression with high dimensional predictors. To account for censoring data in high dimensional case, we employ effective dimension reduction and...We propose a two-step variable selection procedure for censored quantile regression with high dimensional predictors. To account for censoring data in high dimensional case, we employ effective dimension reduction and the ideas of informative subset idea. Under some regularity conditions, we show that our procedure enjoys the model selection consistency. Simulation study and real data analysis are conducted to evaluate the finite sample performance of the proposed approach.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the Major Scientific and Technological Special Project of Anhui Province(202103a13010004)the Major Scientific and Technological Special Project of Hefei City(2021DX007)+1 种基金the Key R&D Plan of Shandong Province(2020CXGC010105)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021M700315).
文摘Quantum key distribution(QKD),rooted in quantum mechanics,offers information-theoretic security.However,practi-cal systems open security threats due to imperfections,notably bright-light blinding attacks targeting single-photon detectors.Here,we propose a concise,robust defense strategy for protecting single-photon detectors in QKD systems against blinding attacks.Our strategy uses a dual approach:detecting the bias current of the avalanche photodiode(APD)to defend against con-tinuous-wave blinding attacks,and monitoring the avalanche amplitude to protect against pulsed blinding attacks.By integrat-ing these two branches,the proposed solution effectively identifies and mitigates a wide range of bright light injection attempts,significantly enhancing the resilience of QKD systems against various bright-light blinding attacks.This method forti-fies the safeguards of quantum communications and offers a crucial contribution to the field of quantum information security.
基金supported by grants from the Guangdong Provincial Department of Finance Project in 2022(KS0120220267,KS0120220268,KS0120220272,KS0120220271)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Natural Science Funding(2023A1515012485)+1 种基金Science and Technology Projects in Guangzhou(202102020058)Launch funding of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(8210101099).
文摘Background:The incidence of clear cell renal cell carcinoma(ccRCC)is globally high;however,despite the introduction of innovative drug therapies,there remains a lack of effective biomarkers for evaluating treatment response.Recently,Caspase recruiting domain-containing protein 11(CARD11)has garnered attention due to its significant association with tumor development and the immune system.Methods:The expression of CARD11 mRNA and protein in ccRCC were analyzed by public database and immunohistochemistry.The focus of this study is on the epigenomic modifications of CARD11,its expression of ccRCC immunophenotype,and its correlation with response to immunotherapy and targeted therapy.Furthermore,to investigate the mechanism of this molecule’s influence on different biological behaviors of cells,cell tests in vitro have been conducted to observe the impact of its expression level.Results:CARD11 expression was upregulated which may be mainly modified by body methylation and was correlated with poor prognosis in ccRCC.In the tumor microenvironment of ccRCC,CARD11 expression was positively correlated with increased T lymphocyte infiltration and increased expression of inhibitory immune checkpoints.Moreover,ccRCC patients with high CARD11 expression had a better response to immunotherapy and targeted therapy.The knockdown of CARD11 ultimately suppressed the proliferation,migration,and invasion capabilities of ccRCC cells while simultaneously enhancing tumor cell apoptosis.Conclusion:We identified CARD11 as a novel therapeutic biomarker for immunotherapy and targeted therapy in ccRCC.
基金This work is partially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China[Grant Numbers 11671096,11690013,11731011,11871376]Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai[Grant Number 21ZR1420700].
文摘The two-parameter Waring is an important heavy-tailed discrete distribution,which extends the famous Yule Simon distribution and provides more flexibility when modelling the data.The commonly used EFF(Expectation-First Frequency)for parameter estimation can only be applied when the first moment exists,and it only uses the information of the expectation and the first frequency,which is not as efficient as the maximum likelihood estimator(MLE).However,the MLE may not exist for some sample data.We apply the profle method to the log-likelihood function and derive the necessary and sufficient Conditions for the existence of the MLE of the Waring parameters.We use extensive simulation studies to compare the MLE and EFF methods,and the goodness-of-fit comparison with the Yule Simon distribution.We also apply the Waring distribution to fit an insurance data.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11401383, 11301391 and 11271080)
文摘We propose a two-step variable selection procedure for censored quantile regression with high dimensional predictors. To account for censoring data in high dimensional case, we employ effective dimension reduction and the ideas of informative subset idea. Under some regularity conditions, we show that our procedure enjoys the model selection consistency. Simulation study and real data analysis are conducted to evaluate the finite sample performance of the proposed approach.