French Spine Surgery Society guidelines for management of spinal surgeries during COVID-19 pandemic

Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)in December 2019 in China,various measures have been adopted in order to attenuate the impact of the virus on the population.With regard to spine surgery,French physicians are devoted to take place in the national plan against COVID-19,the French Spine Surgery Society therefore decided to elaborate specific guidelines for management of spinal disorders during COVID-19 pandemic in order to prioritize management of patients.A three levels stratification was elaborated with Level I:Urgent surgical indications,Level II:Surgical indications associated to a potential loss of chance for the patient and Level III:Non-urgent surgical indications.We also report French experience in a COVID-19 cluster region illustrated by two clinical cases.We hope that the guidelines formulated by the French Spine Surgery Society and the experience of spine surgeons from a cluster region will be helpful in order optimizing the management of patients with urgent spinal conditions during the pandemic.

用Sauvegrain法测定青春期骨龄准确性的研究

背景：Sauvegrain方法是通过分析肘部X线片来评估骨龄，常用于青春期生长发育最为迅速的两年间的骨龄测定。本文旨在研究该方法的准确性以及在小儿骨科中的应用价值。 方法：Sauvegrmn法主要评估肘部的4个解剖标志点：外髁、肱骨滑车、尺骨鹰嘴突以及桡骨近端骨骺。它是一个27分制的评分系统。对上述结构所得的评分进行合计而得出一个总分，然后使用标准图表确定骨龄。让三位观察者分别利用该方法进行骨龄评估。三位观察者通过分析60个男孩和60个女孩样本左肘部的前后位和侧位X线片来测定骨龄，并将该结果与通过分析左手和腕部后前位X线片的Greulich和Pyle图谱而得出的骨龄结果进行比较。间隔4周后每个观察者再测定骨龄一次。 结果：通过分析肘部X线片的方法测定骨龄更为精确，因为采用该方法测定骨龄可以精确到半岁。根据观察者的评定，Sauvegrain法显示出很好的观察者之间的相关性（r=0．93）和可重复性（r=0．96）。Sauvegrain法与Greulich和Pyle图谱之间有很好的相关性（r=0．85）。然而，一些肘部生长中心显示出一种中间的发育形态，这种形态学不适合Sauvegrain法的评分。这就导致了数据分析时出现误差。我们建议对于这些样本设定中间评分，并且通过修改原始图表而使评分更为精确。 结论：改良的Sauvegrain法简单、可靠而且可重复性高，它补充了Greulich和Pyle图谱的不足。在临床实践中，骨骼成熟度可以通过骨龄、年生长率以及第二性征而得以很准确的评估。因此，当青春期需要进行骨骺或脊柱关节融合术时，这种方法对于确定手术时间具有重要意义。 可信水平：诊断性研究，Ⅱ级，进一步可信度参见作者介绍。