BACKGROUND:Sepsis-associated encephalopathy(SAE) is a critical disease caused by sepsis.In addition to high mortality,SAE can also adversely aff ect life quality and lead to significant socioeconomic costs.This review...BACKGROUND:Sepsis-associated encephalopathy(SAE) is a critical disease caused by sepsis.In addition to high mortality,SAE can also adversely aff ect life quality and lead to significant socioeconomic costs.This review aims to explore the development of evaluation animal models of SAE,giving insight into the direction of future research in terms of its pathophysiology and therapy.METHODS:We performed a literature search from January 1,2000,to December 31,2022,in MEDLINE,PubMed,EMBASE,and Web of Science using related keywords.Two independent researchers screened all the accessible articles based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria and collected the relevant data of the studies.RESULTS:The animal models for sepsis are commonly induced through cecal ligation and puncture(CLP) or lipopolysaccharide(LPS) injection.SAE can be evaluated using nervous reflex scores and sepsis evaluation during the acute phase,or through Morris water maze(MWM),openfield test,fear condition(FC) test,inhibitory avoidance,and other tests during the late phase.CONCLUSION:CLP and LPS injection are the most common methods for establishing SAE animal models.Nervous reflexs cores,MWM,FC test,and inhibitory avoidance are widely used in SAE model analysis.Future research should focus on establishing a standardized system for SAE development and analysis.展开更多
The dynamic evolution of active site coordination structure during a high-temperature reaction is critically significant but often difficult for the research of efficient single-atom catalysts(SACs).Herein,we for the ...The dynamic evolution of active site coordination structure during a high-temperature reaction is critically significant but often difficult for the research of efficient single-atom catalysts(SACs).Herein,we for the first time report the in situ activation behaviors of the local coordination structure of Pt single atoms(Pt_(1))during the high-temperature oxidation of light alkanes.The distinctly enhanced activity of the catalyst is attributed to the in situ evolved Pt_(1)−oxygen vacancy(Pt_(1)−OV)combination ensemble as an efficient and stable active site.Theoretical calculations reveal that the lattice oxygen adjacent to Pt_(1)and the H dissociated from CH4 constitute the lattice hydroxyl,which is the initial step in the formation of the Pt_(1)−OV combination.Pt_(1)and nearby unsaturated Mn can donate the charge back to O−O to promote the dissociation of O_(2).This work provides molecular-level insight into the in situ reaction-induced evolution of a single-atom coordination environment for designing efficient SACs under harsh conditions.展开更多
Ultra-intense femtosecond vortex pulses can provide an opportunity to investigate the new phenomena with orbital angular momentum(OAM)involved in extreme cases.This paper reports a high gain optical vortex amplifier f...Ultra-intense femtosecond vortex pulses can provide an opportunity to investigate the new phenomena with orbital angular momentum(OAM)involved in extreme cases.This paper reports a high gain optical vortex amplifier for intense femtosecond vortex pulses generation.Traditional regeneration amplifiers can offer high gain for Gaussian mode pulses but cannot amplify optical vortex pulses while maintaining the phase singularity because of mode competition.Here,we present a regeneration amplifier with a ring-shaped pump.By controlling the radius of the pump,the system can realize the motivation of the Laguerre–Gaussian[LG0,1(−1)]mode and the suppression of the Gaussian mode.Without seeds,the amplifier has a donut-shaped output containing two opposite OAM states simultaneously,as our prediction by simulation.If seeded by a pulse of a topologic charge of 1 or−1,the system will output an amplified LG0,1(−1)mode pulse with the same topologic charge as the seed.To our knowledge,this amplifier can offer the highest gain as 1.45×106 for optical vortex amplification.Finally,we obtain a 1.8 mJ,51 fs compressed optical vortex seeded from a 2 nJ optical vortex.展开更多
Correction to:Cell Regeneration(2020)9:12 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13619-020–00,044-6 Following publication of the original article(Gao et al.2020[1]),it is reported that the“Background”section and the heading“Mai...Correction to:Cell Regeneration(2020)9:12 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13619-020–00,044-6 Following publication of the original article(Gao et al.2020[1]),it is reported that the“Background”section and the heading“Main Text”need to be added to the article.The Background section has been provided below.Background The CRISPR/Cas system is gaining more and more popularity in gene editing and therapy since first discovered in 1987.Up to now,on one hand,different types of the CRISPR/Cas system were discovered to improve its size,editing efficiency and PAM limitations;on the other hand,by fusing different factors to the mutant Cas protein which inactivates its nuclease activity but retains its ability to bind a specific DNA target site by a guide RNA,different types of engineered CRISPR/Cas9 tools were developed to perform modification of a specific gene,like DNA methylation or demethylation,histone acetylation or deacetylation and so on.Here,we briefly introduce these tools and their applications in the nervous system.The original article(Gao et al.2020[1])has been updated.展开更多
The rapidly developmental RNA-guided CRISPR/Cas system is a powerful tool for RNA and DNA editing in a variety of cells from different species and makes a great contribution to gene function research,disease model gen...The rapidly developmental RNA-guided CRISPR/Cas system is a powerful tool for RNA and DNA editing in a variety of cells from different species and makes a great contribution to gene function research,disease model generation and gene therapy development in the past few years.The ease of use,low cost and high efficiency of CRISPR/Cas make it commonly used in various conditions.In this review,we introduce the CRISPR/Cas system and its diverse applications in nervous system briefly,which provides a better understanding for its potential application values.展开更多
基金supported by the National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Fund (2022-PUMCH-B-109)CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (CIFMS)(2021-1-I2M-020)。
文摘BACKGROUND:Sepsis-associated encephalopathy(SAE) is a critical disease caused by sepsis.In addition to high mortality,SAE can also adversely aff ect life quality and lead to significant socioeconomic costs.This review aims to explore the development of evaluation animal models of SAE,giving insight into the direction of future research in terms of its pathophysiology and therapy.METHODS:We performed a literature search from January 1,2000,to December 31,2022,in MEDLINE,PubMed,EMBASE,and Web of Science using related keywords.Two independent researchers screened all the accessible articles based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria and collected the relevant data of the studies.RESULTS:The animal models for sepsis are commonly induced through cecal ligation and puncture(CLP) or lipopolysaccharide(LPS) injection.SAE can be evaluated using nervous reflex scores and sepsis evaluation during the acute phase,or through Morris water maze(MWM),openfield test,fear condition(FC) test,inhibitory avoidance,and other tests during the late phase.CONCLUSION:CLP and LPS injection are the most common methods for establishing SAE animal models.Nervous reflexs cores,MWM,FC test,and inhibitory avoidance are widely used in SAE model analysis.Future research should focus on establishing a standardized system for SAE development and analysis.
基金the National Nature Science Foundation of China[No.21976172,22172030]the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences[No.XDPB1902].
文摘The dynamic evolution of active site coordination structure during a high-temperature reaction is critically significant but often difficult for the research of efficient single-atom catalysts(SACs).Herein,we for the first time report the in situ activation behaviors of the local coordination structure of Pt single atoms(Pt_(1))during the high-temperature oxidation of light alkanes.The distinctly enhanced activity of the catalyst is attributed to the in situ evolved Pt_(1)−oxygen vacancy(Pt_(1)−OV)combination ensemble as an efficient and stable active site.Theoretical calculations reveal that the lattice oxygen adjacent to Pt_(1)and the H dissociated from CH4 constitute the lattice hydroxyl,which is the initial step in the formation of the Pt_(1)−OV combination.Pt_(1)and nearby unsaturated Mn can donate the charge back to O−O to promote the dissociation of O_(2).This work provides molecular-level insight into the in situ reaction-induced evolution of a single-atom coordination environment for designing efficient SACs under harsh conditions.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(61490710,61705132,61775142)Shenzhen Basic Research Project on Subject Layout(JCYJ20170412105812811)Shenzhen Basic Research Projects(JCYJ20190808115601653,JCYJ20190808164007485).
文摘Ultra-intense femtosecond vortex pulses can provide an opportunity to investigate the new phenomena with orbital angular momentum(OAM)involved in extreme cases.This paper reports a high gain optical vortex amplifier for intense femtosecond vortex pulses generation.Traditional regeneration amplifiers can offer high gain for Gaussian mode pulses but cannot amplify optical vortex pulses while maintaining the phase singularity because of mode competition.Here,we present a regeneration amplifier with a ring-shaped pump.By controlling the radius of the pump,the system can realize the motivation of the Laguerre–Gaussian[LG0,1(−1)]mode and the suppression of the Gaussian mode.Without seeds,the amplifier has a donut-shaped output containing two opposite OAM states simultaneously,as our prediction by simulation.If seeded by a pulse of a topologic charge of 1 or−1,the system will output an amplified LG0,1(−1)mode pulse with the same topologic charge as the seed.To our knowledge,this amplifier can offer the highest gain as 1.45×106 for optical vortex amplification.Finally,we obtain a 1.8 mJ,51 fs compressed optical vortex seeded from a 2 nJ optical vortex.
文摘Correction to:Cell Regeneration(2020)9:12 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13619-020–00,044-6 Following publication of the original article(Gao et al.2020[1]),it is reported that the“Background”section and the heading“Main Text”need to be added to the article.The Background section has been provided below.Background The CRISPR/Cas system is gaining more and more popularity in gene editing and therapy since first discovered in 1987.Up to now,on one hand,different types of the CRISPR/Cas system were discovered to improve its size,editing efficiency and PAM limitations;on the other hand,by fusing different factors to the mutant Cas protein which inactivates its nuclease activity but retains its ability to bind a specific DNA target site by a guide RNA,different types of engineered CRISPR/Cas9 tools were developed to perform modification of a specific gene,like DNA methylation or demethylation,histone acetylation or deacetylation and so on.Here,we briefly introduce these tools and their applications in the nervous system.The original article(Gao et al.2020[1])has been updated.
基金This work is supported by China National Funds for Distinguished Young Scientists(31925016)Major Research Plan(91957122)from the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘The rapidly developmental RNA-guided CRISPR/Cas system is a powerful tool for RNA and DNA editing in a variety of cells from different species and makes a great contribution to gene function research,disease model generation and gene therapy development in the past few years.The ease of use,low cost and high efficiency of CRISPR/Cas make it commonly used in various conditions.In this review,we introduce the CRISPR/Cas system and its diverse applications in nervous system briefly,which provides a better understanding for its potential application values.
