纳滤工艺去除水体中新污染物的研究进展

新污染物是近几年在水体中普遍存在的痕量有机污染物,具有高毒性、生物积累性等危害,对人类健康和生态系统造成了潜在威胁,如何高效去除水中的新污染物已成为研究人员日益关心的问题。纳滤作为一种高效率、低能耗、无污染的膜分离技术,在去除新污染物方面有很好的应用前景。结合国内外研究现状,文章详细分析了纳滤技术去除水中新污染物的机理及影响因素,重点讨论了纳滤膜改性与膜组合工艺对新污染物的去除效果研究,并对未来的相关研究和实际应用提出几点建议。

猪源Rab基因shRNA文库与稳定细胞株的构建及其对猪伪狂犬病病毒增殖的影响

【目的】探究Rab家族蛋白在猪伪狂犬病病毒(Porcine pseudorabies virus,PRV)感染宿主细胞中的作用。【方法】以猪肾上皮细胞(PK15)为试验模型,构建Rab基因shRNA文库,并用嘌呤霉素筛选获得稳定的能够抑制猪源Rab基因表达的细胞株。用实时荧光定量PCR检测细胞敲减效率,通过流式细胞术检测敲减Rab基因对PRV增殖的影响;用Western blotting检测PRV-gB蛋白表达量,使用实时荧光定量PCR检测敲减Rab基因后PRV-gB、PRV-TK基因以及相关细胞炎性因子表达量。【结果】试验成功构建包含13种Rab基因敲减细胞系的shRNA文库。流式细胞术检测结果显示敲减Rab基因能显著抑制PRV-GFP增殖(P<0.05);病毒滴度与Western blotting检测结果表明,敲减Rab基因极显著抑制子代病毒的产生以及PRV-gB蛋白的表达(P<0.01)。实时荧光定量PCR检测结果显示,敲减Rab基因会显著或极显著抑制PRV-gB、PRV-TK基因表达(P<0.05;P<0.01);敲减Rab14和Rab27基因后细胞中IFN-β、ISG15、IL-1β、IL-18基因表达量均显著或极显著升高(P<0.05;P<0.01)。【结论】敲减Rab基因能够抑制PRV增殖。研究结果为进一步研究Rab基因在PRV生活周期中发挥的作用奠定基础。

锰纳米佐剂的制备及生物学效应

锰作为生命活动中重要微量元素参与了多种生理过程。对于能量代谢、神经系统发育和免疫系统正常运行至关重要。与可溶性锰离子相比,纳米锰可维持锰离子在注射部位持续释放,以诱导局部的免疫应答,并增强树突状细胞(dendritic cells,DCs)对抗原的摄取,促进DCs在体内活化与成熟。本文从纳米锰作用机制、制备方法、功能表征、纳米佐剂存在的问题和解决策略等方面进行综述,重点介绍了纳米锰作为疫苗佐剂的应用,并提出存在问题及解决策略。

异质结构CoCrFeNiW高熵合金的拉伸性能和强化行为

采用真空电弧熔炼方法制备Co_(30)Cr_(30)(FeNi)_(40-x)W_(x)(x=0~8%(摩尔分数),分别简化为HWO~HW8)高熵合金。研究铸态和退火态合金的显微组织和拉伸性能。结果表明,HW2和HW4具有单一的FCC相。随着W含量和退火温度的增加,细小粒状μ相的面积分数增加且分散在FCC基体中。软FCC基体和硬μ相构成应变不相容的异质结构。随着W含量从0增加到8%(摩尔分数),屈服强度和抗拉强度分别从278和629 MPa提高到530和839 MPa,应变维持在33%。退火后的HW8表现出优异的屈服强度(810 MPa)和抗拉强度(1087 MPa)。屈服强度的提高归因于固溶、沉淀和背应力强化。异质结构中产生的背应力强化作用诱导高硬化行为,在提高抗拉强度和塑性方面发挥着主导作用。

基于Voronoi图的空间点事件统计聚类方法

挖掘地理空间数据中点事件聚集模式对于揭示流行疾病、犯罪分布热点区域及城市基础设施空间分布格局等具有重要意义。针对不同形状、密度和大小的显著空间点聚集模式的识别,目前以空间扫描统计为代表的方法虽然可以对空间点聚类的显著性进行统计推断,减少虚假聚类结果,但其主要用于识别球形或椭圆形状的聚簇,对于沿着街道或河道分布的任意形状、不同密度的显著空间点聚簇识别还存在局限。因此,本研究提出一种基于Voronoi图的空间点聚集模式统计挖掘方法。首先,采用Voronoi图来度量空间点分布的聚集性,将空间点聚类问题转化为热点区域探测问题;其次,结合局部Gi*统计量探测统计上显著的空间点聚簇;最后,通过模拟数据和真实犯罪事件数据进行实验与对比分析。结果表明:本方法能够有效探测任意形状的空间点聚类,并对空间点簇的显著性进行统计判别,识别显著的空间点簇,减少随机噪声点的干扰;聚类识别结果优于现有代表性方法,如DBSCAN算法、空间扫描统计方法等。

数字化时代如何将众创空间创业资源转化为新创企业绩效——数字平台能力的中介作用

随着数字技术与创业活动的融合不断深化,数据要素的利用和数字创业平台的构建成为数字化时代众创空间实施创业活动的重要特征。本文基于“资源—能力—绩效”的研究框架,构建创业资源通过数字平台能力影响新创企业绩效的机制模型,同时考虑制度环境特殊的作用边界。结果表明,众创空间具有数字化属性的创业资源对新创企业绩效具有显著促进作用,数字平台能力是推动新创企业绩效提高的重要中介,制度环境在此过程中发挥正向调节作用。因此,众创空间管理者应充分发挥数字创业资源优势,积极搭建线上创业平台,通过数字资源为创业者赋能;创业主体应培养组织的数字平台能力,有效整合组织内外部信息和资源,促进新创企业绩效的提高。

探析地铁导视系统中的色彩设计表达

随着城市化的快速发展,地铁系统已经成为城市基础设施中不可或缺的一环,并在日常生活中扮演着日益增长的重要角色。在这个过程中,对于地铁系统的设计和功能性的要求不断提高,特别是地铁导视系统,作为地铁环境建设的关键部分,起着至关重要的作用。在导视系统中,色彩设计的应用不仅能够提高地铁环境的整体品质,增强其使用的便利性,而且在形塑地铁环境的公共空间方面,色彩运用亦发挥着关键性作用。本文以地铁导视系统中色彩设计的原则和作用为出发点,阐述了地铁导视系统的发展价值,研究色彩在其中的运用,为拓展相关的研究贡献一份力量。

A Confined Two-peaked Solar Flare Observed by EAST and SDO

The solar flare is one of the most violent explosions,and can disturb the near-Earth space weather.Except for commonly single-peaked solar flares in soft X-ray,some special flares show intriguing a two-peak feature that is deserved much more attentions.Here,we reported a confined two-peaked solar flare and analyzed the associated eruptions using high-quality observations from Educational Adaptive-optics Solar Telescope and Solar Dynamics Observatory.Before the flare,a magnetic flux rope(MFR)formed through partially tether-cutting reconnection between two sheared arches.The flare occurred after the MFR eruption that was confined by the overlying strong field.Interestingly,a small underlying filament immediately erupted,which was possibly destabilized by the flare ribbon.The successive eruptions were confirmed by the analysis of the emission measure and the reconnection fluxes.Therefore,we suggest that the two peaks of the confined solar flare are corresponding to two episodes of magnetic reconnection during the successive eruptions of the MFR and the underlying filament.

Exploring a balance between strength and ductility of hexagonal BN nanoplatelet reinforced ZK61 magnesium composite

The practical applications of magnesium(Mg)alloys are usually beset by their relatively low strength and limited ductility.Herein we attempt to fabricate hexagonal BN nanoplatelet(BNNP)reinforced ZK61 magnesium composites using a combination of spark plasma sintering and friction stir processing.The resulting composites exhibit microstructural characteristics of homogeneous dispersion of BNNP in Mg matrix with refined equiaxed grains and(0002)basal texture roughly surrounding the pin column surface.Transmission electron microscopy observation illustrates that trace amounts of Mg_(3)N_(2)and MgB_(2)form at BNNP-Mg interface,in which Mg_(3)N_(2)locates at the basal plane of a BNNP and MgB_(2)grows at its open edge.The spatial distribution of Mg_(3)N_(2)and MgB_(2)facilitates interfacial wetting and stronger BNNP-Mg interface in such a way that interfacial products act as anchors bonding between them.In comparison with monolithic ZK61 alloy,the BNNP/ZK61 composites display simultaneous improvements in yield strength,hardness and ductility,achieving good strength-ductility balance.This research is expected to shed some light on BNNP potentials for designing and producing magnesium composites with high strength and good ductility.

d-d Orbital coupling induced by crystal-phase engineering assists acetonitrile electroreduction to ethylamine

The d-d orbital coupling induced by crystal-phase engineering can effectively adjust the electronic structure of electrocatalysts,thus showing significant catalytic performance,while it has been rarely explored in electrochemical acetonitrile reduction reaction(ARR)to date.Herein,we successfully realize the structural transformation of Pd Cu metallic aerogels(MAs)from face-centered cubic(FCC)to body-centered cubic(BCC)through annealing treatment.Specifically,the BCC Pd Cu MAs exhibit excellent ARR performance with high ethylamine selectivity of 90.91%,Faradaic efficiency of 88.60%,yield rate of 316.0 mmol h^(-1)g^(-1)_(Pd+Cu)and long-term stability for consecutive electrolysis within 20 h at-0.55 V vs.reversible hydrogen electrode,outperforming than those of FCC Pd Cu MAs.Under the membrane electrode assembly system,BCC Pd Cu MAs also demonstrate excellent ethylamine yield rate of 389.5 mmol h^(-1)g^(-1)_(Pd+Cu).Density functional theory calculation reveals that the d-d orbital coupling in BCC Pd Cu MAs results in an evident correlation effect for the interaction of Pd and Cu sites,which boosts up the Cu sites electronic activities to enhance ARR performance.Our work opens a new route to develop efficient ARR electrocatalysts from the perspective of crystalline structure transformation.

A symmetric substructuring method for analyzing the natural frequencies of conical origami structures

Conical origami structures are characterized by their substantial out-of-plane stiffness and energy-absorptioncapacity.Previous investigations have commonly focused on the static characteristics of these lightweight struc-tures.However,the efficient analysis of the natural vibrations of these structures is pivotal for designing conicalorigami structures with programmable stiffness and mass.In this paper,we propose a novel method to analyzethe natural vibrations of such structures by combining a symmetric substructuring method(SSM)and a gener-alized eigenvalue analysis.SSM exploits the inherent symmetry of the structure to decompose it into a finiteset of repetitive substructures.In doing so,we reduce the dimensions of matrices and improve computationalefficiency by adopting the stiffness and mass matrices of the substructures in the generalized eigenvalue analysis.Finite element simulations of pin-jointed models are used to validate the computational results of the proposedapproach.Moreover,the parametric analysis of the structures demonstrates the influences of the number of seg-ments along the circumference and the radius of the cone on the structural mass and natural frequencies of thestructures.Furthermore,we present a comparison between six-fold and four-fold conical origami structures anddiscuss the influence of various geometric parameters on their natural frequencies.This study provides a strategyfor efficiently analyzing the natural vibration of symmetric origami structures and has the potential to contributeto the efficient design and customization of origami metastructures with programmable stiffness.

基于创新性内侧壁成型工艺的多光学通道微型碱金属原子气室

Existing microfabricated atomic vapor cells have only one optical channel,which is insufficient for supporting the multiple orthogonal beams required by atomic devices.In this study,we present a novel wafer-level manufacturing process for fabricating multi-optical-channel atomic vapor cells and an innovative method for batch processing the inner sidewalls of millimeter glass holes to meet optical channel requirements.Surface characterization and transmittance tests demonstrate that the processed inner sidewalls satisfy the criteria for an optical channel.In addition,the construction of an integrated processing platform enables multilayer non-isothermal anode bonding,the filling of inert gases,and the recovery and recycling of noble gases.Measurements of the absorption spectra and free-induction decay signals of xenon-129(^(129)Xe)and xenon-131(^(131)Xe)under different pump-probe schemes demonstrate the suitability of our vapor cell for use in atomic devices including atomic gyroscopes,dual-beam atomic magnetometers,and other optical/atomic devices.The proposed micromolding technology has broad application prospects in the field of optical-device processing.

ADOPT模式健康教育在血液透析患者中的应用效果

目的探讨ADOPT模式健康教育在血液透析患者中的应用效果。方法选择2022年1月至2023年6月皖南医学院第二附属医院进行血液透析治疗的90例患者为研究对象。按照随机数字表法将其分为对照组和干预组,每组45例。对照组采用口头宣教、书面宣教、集中教育、个体指导和随访等措施,干预组在此基础上采用基于ADOPT模式健康教育,干预时间为6个月。比较两组干预前后自我效能、疾病知识水平、血流合格率及动静脉内瘘维护质量。结果干预前,两组一般自我效能感量表(GSES)评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);干预后,两组GSES评分均高于干预前,且干预组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预前,两组疾病知识知晓率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);干预后,两组疾病知识知晓率均高于干预前,且干预组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预前,两组血流合格率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);干预后,干预组血流合格率高于干预前及对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预组并发症总发生率低于对照组,维护措施落实率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论ADOPT模式健康教育能够改善慢性肾脏病血液透析患者自我效能,提高其疾病知识知晓率及血流合格率,并改善患者动静脉内瘘维护质量。

An improved non-uniform fast Fourier transform method for radio imaging of coronal mass ejections

Radioheliographs can obtain solar images at high temporal and spatial resolution,with a high dynamic range.These are among the most important instruments for studying solar radio bursts,understanding solar eruption events,and conducting space weather forecasting.This study aims to explore the effective use of radioheliographs for solar observations,specifically for imaging coronal mass ejections(CME),to track their evolution and provide space weather warnings.We have developed an imaging simulation program based on the principle of aperture synthesis imaging,covering the entire data processing flow from antenna configuration to dirty map generation.For grid processing,we propose an improved non-uniform fast Fourier transform(NUFFT)method to provide superior image quality.Using simulated imaging of radio coronal mass ejections,we provide practical recommendations for the performance of radioheliographs.This study provides important support for the validation and calibration of radioheliograph data processing,and is expected to profoundly enhance our understanding of solar activities.

地铁防台防汛数字化系统设计与实现

为提高沿海城市轨道交通防台防汛应急响应的效率和处置能力,设计地铁防台防汛数字化系统,构建了概览、资源储备、水文气象、人员值守、人员疏散、抢险救灾等6个场景驾驶舱,在应急响应的全流程发挥预警研判、智能决策和应急协同作用。通过地理信息系统(GIS,Geographic Information System)、BIM(Building Information Modeling)、数字孪生、人工智能、深度学习等关键技术,融合全区域全要素时空数据,建设数字孪生底座,打破数据壁垒。引入应急数据分析和预测分析算法引擎,使分析研判有据可依。在宁波轨道交通部分站点试点应用表明,该系统有助于提升应急响应速度和协同实战能力。

The mechanistic study on Wa medicine Niang-Mu-Liang medicinal liquor mitigating diabetes mellitus erectile dysfunction in rats by inhibiting ferroptosis

Background:This study aims to investigate the therapeutic effect of Wa medicine Niang-Mu-Liang medicinal liquor(NML)on rats with diabetes mellitus erectile dysfunction(DMED)and its impact on the ferroptosis signaling pathway.Methods:Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups:Control,DMED,and NML.After establishing the DMED model,treatments were administered for 8 weeks.After the administration,apomorphine hydrochloride tests were conducted to measure the mass and organ index of testes and epididymides,sperm concentration and viability in each group.Penile corpus cavernosum tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin.Nitric oxide and cyclic guanosine monophosphate levels in the penile corpus cavernosum tissues were determined using biochemical kits and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,while the expression of proteins related to the ferroptosis signaling pathway was measured by Western blot.Results:Compared to the DMED group,the DMED rats treated with NML showed significantly increased erection frequency,testicular and epididymal mass and index,sperm count and viability,along with noticeable improvement in the pathological morphology of penile corpus cavernosum.The content of nitric oxide and cyclic guanosine monophosphate,and the expression of ferritin heavy chain,ferritin light chain,and glutathione peroxidase 4 proteins in penile corpus cavernosum tissue were elevated,while the expression of transferrin and STEAP3 proteins was reduced.Conclusion:NML can improve erectile function in DMED rats by inhibiting the ferroptosis signaling pathway.

冷轧镀锌线带钢翘曲产生原因及解决方案

某冷轧厂镀锌机组在生产过程中发现,2#卷取机下线钢卷存在纵向翘曲缺陷。本文主要介绍了针对该质量缺陷问题,通过理论计算分析,查找纵向翘曲产生的原因,同时结合现场工况提出并实施了改造方案,最终解决了2#卷取机下线钢卷翘曲缺陷,使带钢质量得到了有效提升。

PBL联合EBL教学法在骨科临床教学中的应用

目的 分析以问题为基础的教学法(problem-based learning,PBL)联合循证教学法(evidence-based learning,EBL)在骨科临床教学中的应用价值。方法 将2021年1—12月在南通大学附属医院进行实践学习的80名学生作为此次研究的主要对象,将学生按照信封法随机划分为观察组和对照组,每组40名。对照组采取常规带教方案,观察组则采用PBL联合EBL教学法。在带教一学期结束后对所有学生的理论知识水平和实践操作能力进行评分,同时对学生的专项学习能力作出评价(包含自主学习能力、沟通技能、评判性思维能力3个模块)。结果 研究结果表明,在考核分数方面,观察组学生的理论知识水平和实践操作能力平均分均要高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05);在专项能力评分方面,观察组学生的自主学习能力、沟通技能和评判性思维能力平均得分均要高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。结论 PBL联合EBL教学能够有效提升学生的学习主动性,改善学生的理论知识水平和实践操作水平,同时还能强化学生的沟通意识培养和评判性思维培养,可以作为今后带教的主要模式。

耳积液中白细胞介素-8、降钙素原水平及外周血T淋巴细胞亚群水平与分泌性中耳炎患者病程的关系

目的探讨耳积液中白细胞介素-8(IL-8)、降钙素原(PCT)水平及外周血T淋巴细胞亚群水平与分泌性中耳炎患者病程的关系。方法选择2020年1月至2021年7月南阳市第一人民医院收治的98例分泌性中耳炎患者为研究对象,根据病程将患者分为急性组(n=58)和慢性组(n=40)。于患者就诊时采用经鼓膜穿刺术抽出耳积液,采用酶联免疫吸附法检测2组患者耳积液中IL-8水平,采用乳胶免疫比浊法检测患者耳积液中PCT水平。于患者就诊时,抽取患者空腹肘静脉血5 mL,使用流式细胞仪检测外周血中CD4^(+)、CD8^(+)水平,并计算CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)比值。采用Spearman相关分析分泌性中耳炎患者耳积液中IL-8、PCT水平及T淋巴细胞亚群水平与病程的相关性。采用Pearson相关分析分泌性中耳炎患者耳积液中IL-8、PCT水平与外周血T淋巴细胞亚群的相关性。结果慢性组患者耳积液中IL-8、PCT水平均显著高于急性组(P<0.05)。慢性组患者外周血中CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)水平均显著低于急性组(P<0.05),CD8^(+)水平显著高于急性组(P<0.05)。Spearman相关分析显示,分泌性中耳炎患者耳积液中IL-8、PCT水平与病程呈正相关(r=0.373、0.534,P<0.05);分泌性中耳炎患者外周血中CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)水平与病程呈负相关(r=-0.465、-0.617,P<0.05),外周血中CD8^(+)水平与病程呈正相关(r=0.505,P<0.05)。Pearson相关分析显示,分泌性中耳炎患者耳积液中IL-8水平与外周血CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)水平呈负相关(r=-0.370、-0.475,P<0.05),与CD8^(+)水平呈正相关(r=0.434,P<0.05);分泌性中耳炎患者耳积液中PCT水平与外周血CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)水平呈负相关(r=-0.379、-0.477,P<0.05),与CD8^(+)水平呈正相关(r=0.419,P<0.05)。结论分泌性中耳炎患者耳积液中IL-8、PCT水平以及外周血中CD8^(+)水平与病程呈正相关,外周血中CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)水平与病程呈负相关;患者耳积液中IL-8、PCT水平与外周血CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)水平呈负相关,与CD8^(+)水平呈正相关。

ERCP联合腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗胆总管结石的临床研究

目的:探讨内镜逆行胰胆管造影术(ERCP)联合腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)对胆总管结石患者的治疗效果。方法:选取抚州市第一人民医院2020年8月—2022年2月100例胆总管结石患者,按随机数字表法将其分为对照组50例[LC联合胆总管探查取石术(LCBDE)治疗],观察组50例(ERCP+LC)。比较两组临床指标、残留结石率、复发率、炎症指标及并发症发生率。结果:观察组术中出血量(13.27±5.39)mL少于对照组(43.59±6.48)mL(P<0.05)。观察组手术时间(62.04±13.58)min短于对照组(112.65±15.47)min,引流管留置时间(4.10±1.39)d、住院时间(10.96±1.42)d均短于对照组(7.85±1.76)、(13.68±2.20)d(P<0.05)。两组残留结石率、复发率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后48 h,观察组白细胞(WBC)计数(10.25±1.63)×10^(9)/L、降钙素原(PCT)(0.23±0.10)ng/mL均低于对照组(12.69±1.08)×10^(9)/L、(0.31±0.12)ng/mL(P<0.05)。观察组并发症发生率为4.00%,低于对照组的20.00%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:胆总管结石患者实施ERCP联合LC治疗,能改善其生理应激状态,缩短手术时间,减少术后并发症,加快术后恢复速度。