基质裂缝耦合下的致密油/页岩油动态渗流实验

基于核磁共振和CT扫描技术建立了动态驱渗结合的物理模拟实验方法,分析了致密油/页岩油动态渗吸微观孔喉动用机制及影响动态渗吸开发效果的因素,模拟了致密油/页岩油压裂—焖井—返排—开采一体化的动态渗流过程,明确了不同开发阶段的生产动态特征及对采出程度的贡献。研究表明:致密油/页岩油储层的渗流可分为大孔隙与裂缝间驱替快速产出的强驱替弱渗吸、小孔隙逆向渗吸缓慢采出的弱驱替强渗吸、动态平衡时的弱驱替弱渗吸3个阶段。驱替压力越大,驱替采出程度越高,渗吸采出程度越低,但驱替压力过大注入水易突破前缘,降低采出程度。渗透率越高,渗吸、驱替采出程度越大,渗吸平衡时间越短,最终采出率越高。裂缝可有效加大基质与水的渗吸接触面积,降低油水渗流阻力,促进基质、裂缝间的油水置换,提高基质排油速度和采收率。压裂后进行焖井有利于流体的渗吸置换与增能蓄能,有效利用返排液的携带、开采阶段的排驱置换作用是提高采收率的关键。

页岩油注空气提高采收率在线物理模拟方法

为探索页岩油注空气驱油机理,建立了基于CT扫描和核磁共振技术的页岩油注空气提高采收率在线物理模拟方法,研究了不同衰竭压力下页岩油空气驱开发效果、不同大小孔喉微观动用特征和页岩油空气驱采油机制,分析了空气含氧量、渗透率、注入压力、裂缝对页岩注空气驱油效果和不同大小孔隙原油采出量的影响。研究表明,页岩储集层衰竭开采后注入空气可大幅提高页岩油采收率,但不同注入时机下驱油效率和不同级别孔喉动用程度存在一定差异。空气含氧量越高,低温氧化作用越强,不同大小孔隙动用程度越高,采收率越大。渗透率越高,孔喉连通性越好,流体流动能力越强,采收率越高。注入压力升高,孔喉动用下限减小,但易产生气窜现象导致突破提前,采收率先增大后减小。裂缝能加大气体与原油的接触面积,通过基质向裂缝供油提高空气波及系数和基质泄油面积,在合理生产压差下,注空气前进行适当的压裂改造有助于提高空气驱效果。

An online physical simulation method for enhanced oil recovery by air injection in shale oil

In order to understand the mechanism of air flooding shale oil, an online physical simulation method for enhanced shale oil recovery by air injection was established by integrating CT scanning and nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR). The development effect of shale oil by air flooding under different depletion pressures, the micro-production characteristics of pore throats with different sizes and the mechanism of shale oil recovery by air flooding were analyzed. The effects of air oxygen content, permeability, gas injection pressure, and fractures on the air flooding effect in shale and crude oil production in pores with different sizes were analyzed. The recovery of shale oil can be greatly improved by injecting air into the depleted shale reservoir, but the oil displacement efficiency and the production degree of different levels of pore throats vary with the injection timing. The higher the air oxygen content and the stronger the low-temperature oxidation, the higher the production degree of pores with different sizes and the higher the shale oil recovery. The higher the permeability and the better the pore throat connectivity, the stronger the fluid flow capacity and the higher the shale oil recovery. As the injection pressure increases, the lower limit of the production degree of pore throats decreases, but gas channeling may occur to cause a premature breakthrough;as a result, the recovery increases and then decreases. Fractures can effectively increase the contact area between gas and crude oil, and increase the air sweep coefficient and matrix oil drainage area by supplying oil to fractures through the matrix, which means that a proper fracturing before air injection can help to improve the oil displacement effect under a reasonable production pressure difference.

区域视角下房地产开发企业资金来源与房价波动关系研究

如何抑制房地产市场价格增长过快是我国政府决策部门及众多学者长期以来关注的焦点,2020年8月20日,住房和城乡建设部及中国人民银行明确了重点房地产企业资金监测和融资管理规则,房企的融资债务总规模将得到硬性控制。此举将对我国房地产市场调控产生何种影响?本文从房地产开发企业资金来源入手,基于31个省份的面板数据,着重对房地产开发企业资金来源中的国内贷款与房价的关系进行实证分析,通过对东、中、西三个区域的回归结果进行分析,为我国房地产市场调控提出政策建议。

大港油田沙一下亚段页岩油储层高压压汞与氮气吸附实验

为了较全面地表征大港地区页岩油微观孔隙特征,以渤海湾盆地黄骅坳陷歧口凹陷东营组沙一下层系页岩为研究对象,应用高压压汞、低温氮气吸附的实验手段,研究了大港页岩油储层微观孔隙结构特征,并对储层做出综合评价。结果表明:与长庆致密砂岩储层相比,大港页岩油储层纳米级孔喉占比较高,孔喉更加微细,渗流能力主要来自亚微米级孔喉,排驱压力高,最大进汞饱和度低,可动用性差,开发难度大。

浅议住院医师规范化培训工作中的档案管理

随着住院医师规范化培训的深入推进,住院医师规范化培训档案的管理成为住院医师规范化培训过程中的一项十分重要工作。档案是文件资料的归宿、精华和组合,做好培训资料的收集、整理和归档,并充分利用好这些档案,是为住院医师规范化培训的开展提供科学决策的重要依据。该文结合笔者多年来的工作实践经验以及住院医师规范化培训基地评估指标,从住院医师规范化培训工作中档案的特点、管理原则、方法等方面,综合分析评估存在的问题,并提出应对措施和建议。

The Xujiahui Legacy

XUJIAHUI is part of the cultural and historical identity of old Shanghai.Three centuries ago it was a nondescript region covered with paddy fi elds where two rivers converge.Ming Dynasty scientist Xu Guangqi(1562-1633)conducted experiments and wrote books in his manor here,hence its name Xujiahui–Xujia referring to the Xu family,and hui meaning confl uence of waters.

Experiment of dynamic seepage of tight/shale oil under matrix fracture coupling

A physical simulation method with a combination of dynamic displacement and imbibition was established by integrating nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)and CT scanning.The microscopic production mechanism of tight/shale oil in pore throat by dynamic imbibition and the influencing factors on the development effect of dynamic imbibition were analyzed.The dynamic seepage process of fracking-soaking-backflow-production integration was simulated,which reveals the dynamic production characteristics at different development stages and their contribution to enhancing oil recovery(EOR).The seepage of tight/shale reservoirs can be divided into three stages:strong displacement and weak imbibition as oil produced rapidly by displacement from macropores and fractures,weak displacement and strong imbibition as oil produced slowly by reverse imbibition from small pores,and weak displacement and weak imbibition at dynamic equilibrium.The greater displacement pressure results in the higher displacement recovery and the lower imbibition recovery.However,if the displacement pressure is too high,the injected water is easy to break through the front and reduce the recovery degree.The higher the permeability,the greater the imbibition and displacement recovery,the shorter the time of imbibition balance,and the higher the final recovery.The fractures can effectively increase the imbibition contact area between matrix and water,reduce the oil-water seepage resistance,promote the oil-water displacement between matrix and fracture,and improve the oil displacement rate and recovery of the matrix.The soaking after fracturing is beneficial to the imbibition replacement and energy storage of the fluid;also,the effective use of the carrying of the backflow fluid and the displacement in the mining stage is the key to enhancing oil recovery.

商丘市市区地热资源量计算评价

根据近几年来的地热勘探资料,对商丘市地热水文地质条件、热储构造、热储特征及开采现状进行分析,计算出商丘市城区地热水可采资源量,并对计算参数的选取进行了分析,对计算结果的适用性进行了评价,商丘市城区地热水可采资源量应控制在1.50×10^(7)m^(3)/a(降深90 m条件下)、1.95×10^(7)m^(3)/a(降深110 m条件下)左右,为科学管理地热水资源提供了科学依据。