Watershed segmentation is sensitive to noises and irregular details within the image,which frequently leads to a serious over-segmentation Linear filtering before watershed segmentation can reduce over-segmentation to...Watershed segmentation is sensitive to noises and irregular details within the image,which frequently leads to a serious over-segmentation Linear filtering before watershed segmentation can reduce over-segmentation to some extent,however,it often causes the position offset of object contours.For the purpose of reducing over-segmentation to preserve the location of object contours,the watershed segmentation based on the hierarchical multi-scale modification of morphological gradient is proposed.Firstly,multi-scale morphological filtering was employed to smooth the original image.Then,the gradient image was divided into multi-levels by the volume of three-dimension topographic relief,where the lower gradient layers were further modifiedby morphological closing with larger-sized structuring-elements,and the higher layers with the smaller one.In this way,most local minimums caused by irregular details and noises can be removed,while region contour positions corresponding to the target area were largely preserved.Finally,morphological watershed algorithm was employed to implement segmentation on the modified gradient image.The experimental results show that the proposed method can greatly reduce the over-segmentation of the watershed and avoid the position offset of the object contours.展开更多
Objective To verify the effect of Buyang Huanwu Decoction(BHD)in ameliorating erectile dysfunction(ED)after radical prostatectomy(RP).Methods The composition of BHD was verified by ultra-performance liquid chromatogra...Objective To verify the effect of Buyang Huanwu Decoction(BHD)in ameliorating erectile dysfunction(ED)after radical prostatectomy(RP).Methods The composition of BHD was verified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS)analysis.Bilateral cavernous nerve crush injury(BCNI)in rats was used to mimic the neurovascular injury occurring after RP.By the envelope method,forty rats were randomly divided into 4 groups as follows:sham(cavernous nerves exposed only),model(BCNI),low-dosage BHD[LBHD,12.8 g/(kg·d)],and high-dosage BHD[HBHD,51.2 g/(kg·d)]groups,10 rats in each group,feeding for 3 weeks respectively.Erectile function was evaluated by measuring intracavernosal pressure(ICP).Changes in the histopathology of corpus cavernosum(CC)were examined by hematoxylin-eosin staining.Meanwhile,the fibrosis of CC was measured by Masson’s trichrome staining and Western blot was used to detect the expressions of collagen I,transforming growth factor beta 1(TGF-β1)andα-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA).Apoptosis index was detected by terminal-deoxynucleoitidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling(TUNEL)and Western blot for determining the expressions of B-cell lymphoma 2(Bcl-2)and Bcl-2-associated X(Bax).The oxidative stress in the CC were assessed by the superoxide dismutase(SOD),malondialdehyde(MDA)and reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels.The proteins expression of c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK)and c-Jun were detected by Western blot.In addition,the expression ofα-SMA and p-c-Jun in the CC was observed by double immunofluorescence staining.Results The UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS analysis showed that BHD contained calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside,ononin,calycosin and formononetin.Compared with the model group,LBHD and HBHD treatment improved the ICP and the circumference,area,and weight of CC(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Furthermore,LBHD and HBHD treatments increased CC smooth muscle content and decreased apoptosis index(P<0.05 or P<0.01).LBHD and HBHD also elevated SOD and expression level ofα-SMA and Bcl-2,and reduced MDA and ROS levels,as well as expression of TGF-β1,collagen I,Bax,p-c-JNK,p-JNK in the CC compared with the model group(P<0.05 or P<0.01).The double immunofluorescence staining showed that the fluorescence degree of p-c-Jun in both LBHD and HBHD treatment groups was significantly reduced,whereas theα-SMA expression increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusions BHD can improve ED of rats with BCNI,which is related to inhibiting fibrosis,apoptosis,and oxidative stress of CC.The ROS/JNK/c-Jun signaling pathway may play an important role in the process.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61261029)
文摘Watershed segmentation is sensitive to noises and irregular details within the image,which frequently leads to a serious over-segmentation Linear filtering before watershed segmentation can reduce over-segmentation to some extent,however,it often causes the position offset of object contours.For the purpose of reducing over-segmentation to preserve the location of object contours,the watershed segmentation based on the hierarchical multi-scale modification of morphological gradient is proposed.Firstly,multi-scale morphological filtering was employed to smooth the original image.Then,the gradient image was divided into multi-levels by the volume of three-dimension topographic relief,where the lower gradient layers were further modifiedby morphological closing with larger-sized structuring-elements,and the higher layers with the smaller one.In this way,most local minimums caused by irregular details and noises can be removed,while region contour positions corresponding to the target area were largely preserved.Finally,morphological watershed algorithm was employed to implement segmentation on the modified gradient image.The experimental results show that the proposed method can greatly reduce the over-segmentation of the watershed and avoid the position offset of the object contours.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82004360,81804092)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.LY19H270011,LY18H270002,LGF20H270002)+1 种基金Doctoral Research Foundation of Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University(No.Tdb2006)Wenling City Science and Technology Plan Project(No.2021S00219)。
文摘Objective To verify the effect of Buyang Huanwu Decoction(BHD)in ameliorating erectile dysfunction(ED)after radical prostatectomy(RP).Methods The composition of BHD was verified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS)analysis.Bilateral cavernous nerve crush injury(BCNI)in rats was used to mimic the neurovascular injury occurring after RP.By the envelope method,forty rats were randomly divided into 4 groups as follows:sham(cavernous nerves exposed only),model(BCNI),low-dosage BHD[LBHD,12.8 g/(kg·d)],and high-dosage BHD[HBHD,51.2 g/(kg·d)]groups,10 rats in each group,feeding for 3 weeks respectively.Erectile function was evaluated by measuring intracavernosal pressure(ICP).Changes in the histopathology of corpus cavernosum(CC)were examined by hematoxylin-eosin staining.Meanwhile,the fibrosis of CC was measured by Masson’s trichrome staining and Western blot was used to detect the expressions of collagen I,transforming growth factor beta 1(TGF-β1)andα-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA).Apoptosis index was detected by terminal-deoxynucleoitidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling(TUNEL)and Western blot for determining the expressions of B-cell lymphoma 2(Bcl-2)and Bcl-2-associated X(Bax).The oxidative stress in the CC were assessed by the superoxide dismutase(SOD),malondialdehyde(MDA)and reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels.The proteins expression of c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK)and c-Jun were detected by Western blot.In addition,the expression ofα-SMA and p-c-Jun in the CC was observed by double immunofluorescence staining.Results The UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS analysis showed that BHD contained calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside,ononin,calycosin and formononetin.Compared with the model group,LBHD and HBHD treatment improved the ICP and the circumference,area,and weight of CC(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Furthermore,LBHD and HBHD treatments increased CC smooth muscle content and decreased apoptosis index(P<0.05 or P<0.01).LBHD and HBHD also elevated SOD and expression level ofα-SMA and Bcl-2,and reduced MDA and ROS levels,as well as expression of TGF-β1,collagen I,Bax,p-c-JNK,p-JNK in the CC compared with the model group(P<0.05 or P<0.01).The double immunofluorescence staining showed that the fluorescence degree of p-c-Jun in both LBHD and HBHD treatment groups was significantly reduced,whereas theα-SMA expression increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusions BHD can improve ED of rats with BCNI,which is related to inhibiting fibrosis,apoptosis,and oxidative stress of CC.The ROS/JNK/c-Jun signaling pathway may play an important role in the process.
