为提高冰雹探测算法(Hail Detection Algorithm, HDA)产品的可用性,针对2015—2020年普洱地区监测到的22次冰雹个例,利用新一代雷达业务应用软件ROSE2.0对相关雷达基数据进行回放及产品分析,以命中率、虚警率、临界成功指数为指标对HDA...为提高冰雹探测算法(Hail Detection Algorithm, HDA)产品的可用性,针对2015—2020年普洱地区监测到的22次冰雹个例,利用新一代雷达业务应用软件ROSE2.0对相关雷达基数据进行回放及产品分析,以命中率、虚警率、临界成功指数为指标对HDA算法在普洱地区的识别效果进行评估并给出本地化参数配置方案。结果表明:HDA算法在普洱地区命中率接近100%,但虚警现象非常普遍,使用强冰雹概率(Probability of Severe Hail, POSH)的预警效果优于任意大小冰雹概率(Probability of Hail, POH),且冰雹尺寸越大POSH虚警的概率越低。进一步使用模拟测评法对POSH算法的适配参数进行分析,发现正确输入降雹日当天的0℃层和-20℃层高度能有效减少POSH的虚警率及提高临界成功指数;同时使算法预测的最大冰雹直径普遍偏大的情况得到控制,其中,中小冰雹直径偏离百分比减小76.07%,改善效果显著高于大冰雹。此外,增大反射率因子及POSH阈值能有效控制虚警,但也导致漏报次数快速增加,当阈值太大时命中率明显降低,为了保证较高的命中率和临界成功指数,选择Z=50 dBz或POSH=70%为阈值能明显改善HDA算法的识别效果。展开更多
Polychlorinated biphenyls （PCBs） were measured in atmospheric samples collected from the North Pacific to the Arctic Ocean between July and September 2012 to study the atmospheric concentration characteris-tics of P...Polychlorinated biphenyls （PCBs） were measured in atmospheric samples collected from the North Pacific to the Arctic Ocean between July and September 2012 to study the atmospheric concentration characteris-tics of PCBs and their gas/particle partitioning. The mean concentration of 26 PCBs （vapor plus particulate phase） （∑PCBs） was 19.116 pg/m^3with a standard deviation of 13.833 pg/m^3. Three most abundant conge-ners were CB-28, -52 and -77, accounting for 43.0% to∑PCBs. The predominance of vapor PCBs （79.0% to∑PCBs） in the atmosphere was observed.∑PCBs were negative correlated with the latitudes and inverse of the absolute temperature （1/T）. The significant correlation for most congeners was also observed between the logarithm of gas/particle partition coefficient （logKp） and 1/T. Shallower slopes （from ∑0.15 to ∑0.46, average ∑0.27） were measured from the regression of the logarithm of sub-cooled liquid vapor pressures （logpoL） and logKP for all samples. The difference of the slopes and intercepts among samples was insignifi-cant （p〉0.1）, implying adsorption and/or absorption processes and the aerosol composition did not differ significantly among different samples. By comparing three models, the J-P adsorption model, the octanol/air partition coefficient （KOA） based model and the soot-air model, the gas/particle partitioning of PCBs in the Arctic atmosphere was simulated more precisely by the soot-air model, and the adsorption onto el-emental carbon is more sensitive than the absorption into organic matters of aerosols, especially for low-chlorinated PCB congeners.展开更多
The Feidong district is located in the southern segment of the Tan-Lu fault zone that separates the South China Block(NCB)from the North China Craton(NCC).We report zircon U-Pb geochronology and Hf isotope data,as wel...The Feidong district is located in the southern segment of the Tan-Lu fault zone that separates the South China Block(NCB)from the North China Craton(NCC).We report zircon U-Pb geochronology and Hf isotope data,as well as whole-rock geochemistry for Xishanyi granodiorite and Jianshan granite in the Feidong district.Zircon U-Pb dating results show that the emplacement ages of the Xishanyi and Jianshan intrusions are 124±3 Ma and 130±1 Ma respectively,coeval with magmatic events linked to large-scale lithospheric thinning in eastern China.The whole-rock geochemistry of the Xishanyi and Jianshan intrusions demonstrate that they are peraluminous,high potassium calc-alkaline I-type granites with adakitic characteristics.Both intrusions underwent weak crustal assimilation during emplacement.The in situ zirconε(Hf)(t)values of the Xishanyi granodiorites range from-26.4 to-21.8,with T(DM2)model ages of 2552 to 2841 Ma.The in situ zirconε(Hf)(t)values of the Jianshan granite are from-27.5 to-23.0 with T(DM2)model ages of 2632 to 2904 Ma.The peak age of inherited zircon grains from the Xishanyi granodiorite and the Jianshan granite were^2.07 Ga and^1.94 Ga,respectively.After compared with the regional magmatism,we suggest that both the Xishanyi and Jianshan granitoid intrusions were derived from partial melting of the NCC lower crust.展开更多
In this paper, we use pre-column 2 times low-temperature cryo-trap enrichment--gas chromatography（GC） /nitrogen and phosphorus detector（NPD）to detect and analyze phosphine in Arctic pole area for the first time. T...In this paper, we use pre-column 2 times low-temperature cryo-trap enrichment--gas chromatography（GC） /nitrogen and phosphorus detector（NPD）to detect and analyze phosphine in Arctic pole area for the first time. The results show phosphine exists in all of the samples in Arctic pole biosphere and phosphine concentration in Arctic atmosphere is between 18.54- 132.18 ng/m^3, almost the same as that in Antarctic atmosphere; phosphine concentration in Dalian bay sea surface sediments is between 116. 8- 554.3 ng/kg, almost the same as that reported in Jiao-zhou bay. Our research of phosphine will shed new light on the mechanisms showing how the phosphorus supplement influences the biogeochemical cycle and global warming.展开更多
Phosphine, a ubiquitous trace gas in the atmosphere, acts as a carrier of gasous phosphorus in the biogeochemical cycle. The research of phosphine will show new light on the mechanisms of how the phos- phorus suppleme...Phosphine, a ubiquitous trace gas in the atmosphere, acts as a carrier of gasous phosphorus in the biogeochemical cycle. The research of phosphine will show new light on the mechanisms of how the phos- phorus supplement influence the biogeochemical cycle and global wanning. In this paper, we detect the phosphine in Arctic Pole area for the first time. The result shows that matrix-bound phosphine（MBP） ex- ists in all the samplings. Phosphine distributions varied with different environmental origins. Average phosphine concentrations in tundra soil, lake sediments, sea sediments, seabird-droppings and deer guanos were 14.17ng/kg dry, 35.44 kg dry, 67.20 kg dry, 32.9 ng/kg dry, and 25.52 ng/kg dry re- spectively. Correlation analysis shows that there is an obviously positive correlation between Porg and MBP. It could be concluded that anaerobic decomposition of Porg and the mechano-chemistry action of the rock probably are the possible reasons explaining the mechanism of MBP production in Arctic Pole area.展开更多
海洋生态系统健康评价是目前海洋健康研究的核心,海洋健康指数(ocean health index,OHI)作为一个开放性的量化综合评价体系,可以为海洋生态系统健康评价和预测提供科学有效的抓手。本研究以辽东湾为例,在OHI框架基础上,结合沿海实际环...海洋生态系统健康评价是目前海洋健康研究的核心,海洋健康指数(ocean health index,OHI)作为一个开放性的量化综合评价体系,可以为海洋生态系统健康评价和预测提供科学有效的抓手。本研究以辽东湾为例,在OHI框架基础上,结合沿海实际环境特征,对模型、指标和参考点进行了优化,并对1996-2020年的健康指数进行了评估。研究结果表明,辽东湾OHI指数得分为55.38~77.12,平均值为64.79,并且随着年代变化整体上呈现一定的波动性和略微下降的趋势。OHI框架中10个不同指标的得分差异显著,其中清洁水域和旅游休闲的平均得分相对较高,平均值分别达到89.34和89.00;食物供给和海岸防护的整体得分相对较低,平均值分别为32.65和39.07。辽东湾海洋健康的影响因素分析结果显示,传统渔民捕捞机会、碳汇、食物供给、生物多样性和海岸防护对海洋生态系统健康的贡献率分别为18.1%、15.7%、14.5%、13.3%和12.1%。趋势预测分析结果表明,自然产品、物种、捕捞渔业、海岸防护及碳汇等指标的未来情况不容乐观,尤其是以海盐、海化产品为代表的自然产品指标下降趋势更为明显。展开更多
Dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) are a class of toxic and persistent chemicals that are often found in the environment.The determination of dioxin-like PCBs in Fildes Peninsula,Antarctica,is reported in thi...Dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) are a class of toxic and persistent chemicals that are often found in the environment.The determination of dioxin-like PCBs in Fildes Peninsula,Antarctica,is reported in this paper.Dioxin-like PCBs were widely distributed in Antarctic soil and moss with concentration of 2.23-27.2 pg/g in soil and 10.4-812 pg/g in moss.The highest concentrations were found in the Ardley Island area and the lowest concentrations on the west coast.The contribution of PCB-118 to the ∑12PCBs ranged from 36.0% to 69.6% in soil,and 17.2% to 43.4% in moss.The congener specific patterns in soil and moss were similar.Long-range atmospheric transport is thought to be the main source of PCBs detected on King George Island.The ∑12PCBs toxic equivalent(TEQ) in soil was 0.400×10?3 to 516×10?3 pg(TEQ)/g with a mean value of 147×10?3 pg(TEQ)/g.PCB-126 had the largest contribution(81.1%) to the ∑12PCBs TEQ in soil.The ∑12PCBs TEQ in moss ranged from 2.90×10?3 to 1.19 pg/g with a mean value of 0.482 pg/g.PCB-126 was also the largest contributor(91.4%) to the ∑12PCBs TEQ in moss.The mean TEQ in moss was about 40 times that in soil.展开更多
文摘为提高冰雹探测算法(Hail Detection Algorithm, HDA)产品的可用性,针对2015—2020年普洱地区监测到的22次冰雹个例,利用新一代雷达业务应用软件ROSE2.0对相关雷达基数据进行回放及产品分析,以命中率、虚警率、临界成功指数为指标对HDA算法在普洱地区的识别效果进行评估并给出本地化参数配置方案。结果表明:HDA算法在普洱地区命中率接近100%,但虚警现象非常普遍,使用强冰雹概率(Probability of Severe Hail, POSH)的预警效果优于任意大小冰雹概率(Probability of Hail, POH),且冰雹尺寸越大POSH虚警的概率越低。进一步使用模拟测评法对POSH算法的适配参数进行分析,发现正确输入降雹日当天的0℃层和-20℃层高度能有效减少POSH的虚警率及提高临界成功指数;同时使算法预测的最大冰雹直径普遍偏大的情况得到控制,其中,中小冰雹直径偏离百分比减小76.07%,改善效果显著高于大冰雹。此外,增大反射率因子及POSH阈值能有效控制虚警,但也导致漏报次数快速增加,当阈值太大时命中率明显降低,为了保证较高的命中率和临界成功指数,选择Z=50 dBz或POSH=70%为阈值能明显改善HDA算法的识别效果。
基金The Chinese Polar Environment Comprehensive Investigation and Assessment Programs under contract Nos 02-01,03-04,04-01 and 04-03the National Natural Science Fundation of China under contract No.21377032
文摘Polychlorinated biphenyls （PCBs） were measured in atmospheric samples collected from the North Pacific to the Arctic Ocean between July and September 2012 to study the atmospheric concentration characteris-tics of PCBs and their gas/particle partitioning. The mean concentration of 26 PCBs （vapor plus particulate phase） （∑PCBs） was 19.116 pg/m^3with a standard deviation of 13.833 pg/m^3. Three most abundant conge-ners were CB-28, -52 and -77, accounting for 43.0% to∑PCBs. The predominance of vapor PCBs （79.0% to∑PCBs） in the atmosphere was observed.∑PCBs were negative correlated with the latitudes and inverse of the absolute temperature （1/T）. The significant correlation for most congeners was also observed between the logarithm of gas/particle partition coefficient （logKp） and 1/T. Shallower slopes （from ∑0.15 to ∑0.46, average ∑0.27） were measured from the regression of the logarithm of sub-cooled liquid vapor pressures （logpoL） and logKP for all samples. The difference of the slopes and intercepts among samples was insignifi-cant （p〉0.1）, implying adsorption and/or absorption processes and the aerosol composition did not differ significantly among different samples. By comparing three models, the J-P adsorption model, the octanol/air partition coefficient （KOA） based model and the soot-air model, the gas/particle partitioning of PCBs in the Arctic atmosphere was simulated more precisely by the soot-air model, and the adsorption onto el-emental carbon is more sensitive than the absorption into organic matters of aerosols, especially for low-chlorinated PCB congeners.
基金sponsored by the National Key Research and Development Program(2016YFC0600206)the Natural Science Foundation of China(41972076,91962218)the Structural Characteristics and Evolution of the Southern Segment of the Tan-Lu Fault Zone(DD20190043)。
文摘The Feidong district is located in the southern segment of the Tan-Lu fault zone that separates the South China Block(NCB)from the North China Craton(NCC).We report zircon U-Pb geochronology and Hf isotope data,as well as whole-rock geochemistry for Xishanyi granodiorite and Jianshan granite in the Feidong district.Zircon U-Pb dating results show that the emplacement ages of the Xishanyi and Jianshan intrusions are 124±3 Ma and 130±1 Ma respectively,coeval with magmatic events linked to large-scale lithospheric thinning in eastern China.The whole-rock geochemistry of the Xishanyi and Jianshan intrusions demonstrate that they are peraluminous,high potassium calc-alkaline I-type granites with adakitic characteristics.Both intrusions underwent weak crustal assimilation during emplacement.The in situ zirconε(Hf)(t)values of the Xishanyi granodiorites range from-26.4 to-21.8,with T(DM2)model ages of 2552 to 2841 Ma.The in situ zirconε(Hf)(t)values of the Jianshan granite are from-27.5 to-23.0 with T(DM2)model ages of 2632 to 2904 Ma.The peak age of inherited zircon grains from the Xishanyi granodiorite and the Jianshan granite were^2.07 Ga and^1.94 Ga,respectively.After compared with the regional magmatism,we suggest that both the Xishanyi and Jianshan granitoid intrusions were derived from partial melting of the NCC lower crust.
基金Supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Programme of China ( No. 2008AA09Z114)the Polar Science Research Foundation ( No. 20070214)the Opening Foundation ( No. PCRRF08016) of State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse Nanjing University and the National Ocean science Foundation (No. 2008614)
文摘In this paper, we use pre-column 2 times low-temperature cryo-trap enrichment--gas chromatography（GC） /nitrogen and phosphorus detector（NPD）to detect and analyze phosphine in Arctic pole area for the first time. The results show phosphine exists in all of the samples in Arctic pole biosphere and phosphine concentration in Arctic atmosphere is between 18.54- 132.18 ng/m^3, almost the same as that in Antarctic atmosphere; phosphine concentration in Dalian bay sea surface sediments is between 116. 8- 554.3 ng/kg, almost the same as that reported in Jiao-zhou bay. Our research of phosphine will shed new light on the mechanisms showing how the phosphorus supplement influences the biogeochemical cycle and global warming.
基金Supported by the National High Technology. Research and Development Program of China （No. 2008AA09Z114）；the Polar Science Research Founda- tion （No. 20070214）；the Opening Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse of Nanjing University （No. PCRRF08016）；the National Ocean Science Foundation （No. 2008614）
文摘Phosphine, a ubiquitous trace gas in the atmosphere, acts as a carrier of gasous phosphorus in the biogeochemical cycle. The research of phosphine will show new light on the mechanisms of how the phos- phorus supplement influence the biogeochemical cycle and global wanning. In this paper, we detect the phosphine in Arctic Pole area for the first time. The result shows that matrix-bound phosphine（MBP） ex- ists in all the samplings. Phosphine distributions varied with different environmental origins. Average phosphine concentrations in tundra soil, lake sediments, sea sediments, seabird-droppings and deer guanos were 14.17ng/kg dry, 35.44 kg dry, 67.20 kg dry, 32.9 ng/kg dry, and 25.52 ng/kg dry re- spectively. Correlation analysis shows that there is an obviously positive correlation between Porg and MBP. It could be concluded that anaerobic decomposition of Porg and the mechano-chemistry action of the rock probably are the possible reasons explaining the mechanism of MBP production in Arctic Pole area.
文摘海洋生态系统健康评价是目前海洋健康研究的核心,海洋健康指数(ocean health index,OHI)作为一个开放性的量化综合评价体系,可以为海洋生态系统健康评价和预测提供科学有效的抓手。本研究以辽东湾为例,在OHI框架基础上,结合沿海实际环境特征,对模型、指标和参考点进行了优化,并对1996-2020年的健康指数进行了评估。研究结果表明,辽东湾OHI指数得分为55.38~77.12,平均值为64.79,并且随着年代变化整体上呈现一定的波动性和略微下降的趋势。OHI框架中10个不同指标的得分差异显著,其中清洁水域和旅游休闲的平均得分相对较高,平均值分别达到89.34和89.00;食物供给和海岸防护的整体得分相对较低,平均值分别为32.65和39.07。辽东湾海洋健康的影响因素分析结果显示,传统渔民捕捞机会、碳汇、食物供给、生物多样性和海岸防护对海洋生态系统健康的贡献率分别为18.1%、15.7%、14.5%、13.3%和12.1%。趋势预测分析结果表明,自然产品、物种、捕捞渔业、海岸防护及碳汇等指标的未来情况不容乐观,尤其是以海盐、海化产品为代表的自然产品指标下降趋势更为明显。
基金supported by the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China (201004800123)the China Polar Science Strategic Fund (20070214)the Foundation of State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation & Pollution Control
文摘Dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) are a class of toxic and persistent chemicals that are often found in the environment.The determination of dioxin-like PCBs in Fildes Peninsula,Antarctica,is reported in this paper.Dioxin-like PCBs were widely distributed in Antarctic soil and moss with concentration of 2.23-27.2 pg/g in soil and 10.4-812 pg/g in moss.The highest concentrations were found in the Ardley Island area and the lowest concentrations on the west coast.The contribution of PCB-118 to the ∑12PCBs ranged from 36.0% to 69.6% in soil,and 17.2% to 43.4% in moss.The congener specific patterns in soil and moss were similar.Long-range atmospheric transport is thought to be the main source of PCBs detected on King George Island.The ∑12PCBs toxic equivalent(TEQ) in soil was 0.400×10?3 to 516×10?3 pg(TEQ)/g with a mean value of 147×10?3 pg(TEQ)/g.PCB-126 had the largest contribution(81.1%) to the ∑12PCBs TEQ in soil.The ∑12PCBs TEQ in moss ranged from 2.90×10?3 to 1.19 pg/g with a mean value of 0.482 pg/g.PCB-126 was also the largest contributor(91.4%) to the ∑12PCBs TEQ in moss.The mean TEQ in moss was about 40 times that in soil.
