Translocation and transformation of engineered nanomaterials in plant cells and their effect on metabolism

As the climate worsens and the demand for food grows,so does the interest in nanoagriculture.The interaction between plants and nanomaterials(NMs)has been extensively and intensively examined.However,stopping at the outcome of a phenomenon is often insufficient.Therefore,we introduce three important processes of nanoparticleplant interactions:translocation,transformation,and plant metabolism.During the migration of nanoparticles,size and surface electrical properties are the main determining factors.Additionally,the interaction of nanoparticles with cell membranes is another key aspect of research.The transformation of nanoparticles in plants is mainly due to redox substances.The way that nanoparticles affect plant metabolism may be able to shed light on the interaction of nanoparticles with plants.This review adds to the existing knowledge on the design of nanoagrochemicals and summarizes the mechanism of interaction of NMs with plants.In this way,NMs can be used for their beneficial effects and thus contribute to the maintenance of food security and sustainable development.

Hydrochemical characteristics and water quality evaluation of shallow groundwater in Suxian mining area,Huaibei coalfield,China

The aim of this study is to evaluate the hydrogeochemical characteristics and water environmental quality of shallow groundwater in the Suxian mining area of Huaibei coalfield,China.The natural formation process of shallow groundwater in Suxian is explored using Piper trilinear charts and Gibbs diagrams,and by examining the ratios between the major ions.United States Salinity Laboratory(USSL)charts,Wilcox diagrams,and the water quality index(WQI)are further employed to quantify the differences in water quality.The results reveal that the main hydrochemical facies of groundwater are HC03-Ca,and that silicate dissolution is the main factor controlling the ion content in shallow groundwater.The USSL charts and Wilcox diagrams show that most of the water samples would be acceptable for use in irrigation systems.The WQI results for each water sample are compared and analyzed,and the quality of groundwater samples around collapse ponds is found to be relatively poor.

液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱法快速筛查化妆品中8种亚硝胺

建立了液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱(LC-QTOF-MS)快速筛查和定量测定化妆品中8种亚硝胺的方法。化妆品经饱和氯化钠分散均匀后,加二氯甲烷涡旋提取,在室温下用氮气吹干二氯甲烷并以甲醇复溶后进样分析;待测物以甲醇和水作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,在Agilent Poroshell 120 SB-C_(18)色谱柱上分离,采用大气压化学离子源,正离子信息依赖扫描(IDA)模式采集,同时获得了目标化合物的一级和二级质谱信息,采用Library view软件构建了8种亚硝胺的高分辨质谱数据库,将采集的结果与数据库比对实现了化妆品中8种亚硝胺的快速筛查。实验优化了样品前处理方法,经方法学考察,建立了化妆品中8种亚硝胺的含量测定方法。结果表明,与其他方法相比,该前处理方法既能达到净化目的,回收率还较高;在优化的条件下,8种亚硝胺在5~100 ng/m L范围内线性关系均良好(r≥0.999);在高(0.50 mg/kg)、中(0.10 mg/kg)、低(0.03 mg/kg)3个加标水平下,平均回收率在85.1%~113.1%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.4%~6.6%;检出限在0.0010~0.0200 mg/kg之间,定量限在0.0030~0.0600 mg/kg之间。该法前处理方式简便,分析时间短,可实现缺乏标准品的情况下对目标化合物的快速筛查,方法灵敏度和准确度均较高,适用于化妆品中痕量亚硝胺的检测。

A facile surfactant-free synthesis of Rh flower-like nanostructures constructed from ultrathin nanosheets and their enhanced catalytic properties

Rh is an important catalyst that is widely used in a variety of organic reactions. In recent years, many efforts have focused on improving its catalytic efficiency by fabricating catalyst nanoparticles with controlled size and morphology. However, the frequently employed synthesis route using organic compounds either as the reaction medium or capping agent often results in residual molecules on the catalyst surface, which in turn drastically diminishes the catalytic performance. Herein, we report a facile, aqueous, surfactant-free synthesis of a novel Rh flower- like structure obtained via hydrothermal reduction of Rh（acac）3 by formaldehyde. The unique Rh nanoflowers were constructed from ultrathin nanosheets, whose basal surfaces comprised {111} facets with an average thickness of -1.1 nm. The specific surface area measured by CO stripping was 79.3 m2-g-1, which was much larger than that of commercial Rh black. More importantly, the Rh nanoflower catalyst exhibited excellent catalytic performance in the catalytic hydrogenation of phenol and cyclohexene, in contrast to the commercial Rh black and polyvinyl pyrrolidone （PVP）-capped Rh nanosheets exposed by similar {111} basal surfaces.

Embedding lead halide perovskite quantum dots in carboxybenzene microcrystals improves stability

The stability of lead halide perovskite quantum dots （PQDs） was improved by embedding them in carboxybenzene microcrystals. The resulting needle-shaped mixed microcrystals preserved the strong photoluminescence of the PQDs. Compared with previously reported polystyrene-encapsulated PQDs, the carboxybenzene crystals were robust and protected the dots from moisture and photodegradation. The enhanced stability was attributed to the tight matrix of carboxybenzene microcrystals, which protected the PQDs from moisture. This versatile strategy protected various QDs, including all-inorganic PQDs and chalcogenide QDs （e.g., CdSe/ZnS QDs and CuInS/ZnS QDs）. It provides a facile and versatile method of protecting PQDs and may enable applications in solid-state systems with high color quality requirements such as displays, lasers, and light emitting diodes.

Synthesis of PdH0.43 nanocrystals with different surface structures and their catalytic activities towards formic acid electro-oxidation

The synthesis of nanocrystals(NCs)with defined morphology and surface structure provides an effective way to investigate the structure-activity relationship of nanocatalytsts,and it will facilitate the design of nanocatalysts with excellent catalytic performance.In this paper,we developed a facile method to synthesize PdH0.43 NCs with the shape of cube,octahedron and rhombic dodecahedron(RD),whose surface facets are{100},{111}and{110},respectively.The asprepared PdH0.43 NCs are highly stable and exhibit enhanced catalytic activity and extremely low overpotential towards electro-oxidation of formic acid compared with the commercial Pd black and three types of Pd NCs.The specific activity of the cubic PdH0.43 NCs is more than five times that of the commercial Pd black and two times that of the cubic Pd NCs.Among the three types of PdH0.43 NCs with different surface structure,the activity order is followed by PdH0.43{100}>PdH0.43{111}>PdH0.43{110}.

High sensitivity ratiometric fluorescence temperature sensing using the microencapsulation of CsPbBr3 and K2SiF6:Mn4+phosphor

A dual emission sensing film has been prepared for colorimetric temperature sensing using CsPbBr_(3)perovskite nanocrystals(CsPbBr_(3)NCs)and manganese doped potassium fluorosilicate(K_(2)SiF_(6):Mn^(4+),KSF)encapsulated in polystyrene by a microencapsulation strategy.The CsPbBr_(3)-KSF-PS film shows good temperature sensing response from 30℃to 70℃,with a relative temperature sensitivity(Sr)up to 10.31%℃^(−1) at 45℃.Meanwhile,the film maintains more than 95%intensity after 6 heating-cooling cycles and keeps its fluorescence characteristics after 3 months.The film can be used to monitor temperature change by naked eye under a UV lamp.In particular,the temperature discoloration point of the sensing film can be controlled by the ratio change of CsPbBr_(3):KSF to expand its applications.The study of the CsPbBr_(3)-KSF-PS sensing mechanism in this work is helpful to provide effective strategies for the design of reliable,high sensitivity and stable temperature sensing system using CsPbBr_(3)NCs.