Biocompatibility of Porous Spherical Calcium Carbonate Microparticles on Hela Cells

Recently there has been a wide concern on inorganic nanoparticles as drug delivery carriers. CaCO3 particles have shown promising potential for the development of carriers for drugs, but little research had been performed regarding their safe dosage for maximizing the therapeutic activity without harming biosystems. In this study, we assessed the biological safety of porous spherical CaCO3 microparticles on Hela cells. The reactive oxygen species (ROS), glutathione (GSH), carbonyl content in proteins (CCP), DNA-protein crosslinks (DPC) and cell viability were measured. Results showed that with the exposure concentration increase, ROS and CCP in Hela cells presented a significant increase but GSH contents in Hela cells and cell viability showed a significant decrease respectively compared with the control. DPC coefficient ascended, but no statistically significant changes were observed. The results indicated that porous spherical CaCO3 microparticles may induce oxidative damage to Hela cells. But compared with other nanomaterials, porous spherical CaCO3 appeared to have good biocompatibility. The results implied that porous spherical calcium carbonate microparticles could be applied as relatively safe drug vehicles, but with the caveat that the effect of high dosages should not be ignored when attempting to maximize therapeutic activity by increasing the concentration.

DNA methylation and alternative splicing modulate FBXW11 gene expression in Holstein bull testis and are correlated with sperm quality

F-box and WD-40 domain protein 11(FBXW11)is an important component of the E3 ubiquitin-ligase enzyme that plays a key role in the ubiquitin-dependent regulation of spermatogenesis.In our previous research,the mRNA expression of FBXW11 in bull sperm with high motility is significantly higher than that with low motility.In the present study,the protein expression levels of FBXW11 in bull testicular tissues with low-performance sperm quality groups were significantly higher than those in normal performance groups.The immunohistochemistry result demonstrated that FBXW11 protein was located in the periphery of Leydig cells and seminiferous tubules.Three splice variants of the FBXW11 gene,namely,FBXW11-tv1,FBXW11-tv2,and FBXW11-tv3,were identified in testicular tissues.The splicing patterns of the three variants are exon skipping.The transcript FBXW11-tv2 expressions were the highest in each sample.The low-performance groups displayed higher FBXW11-tv1 and FBXW11-tv2 transcript expressions than the normal performance groups.Two CpG islands were located within the 5’UTR and exon 1-2 region of the FBXW11 gene.Bisulfite sequencing PCR results demonstrated that the methylation levels of 11 methylation sites in the CpG island 2 from−99 to−43 in the normal performance groups were significantly lower than those in the low-performance groups.Pearson correlation analysis suggested that the CpG island 2 methylation level was negatively correlated with sperm motility and the transcript FBXW11-tv2 expression level.Our data revealed that alternative splicing and DNA methylation jointly regulated FBXW11 gene expression and were correlated with sperm quality traits during spermatogenesis in Holsteins.

多目标优化的公交被动优先信号配时模型

从公交信号优先的原则出发,考虑公交到达率的不确定性对周期长度、绿灯时间等合理调整,针对多路公交车共用同一公交专用道情况,提出以人均总延误最小为目标,分别以绿灯时间差模型和Webster最佳周期模型为信号配时计算模型计算交叉口信号配时参数,选取两者中造成人均延误最小的结果作为最终信号配时方案的计算方法。另外,除采用原有Webster最佳周期计算模型进行信号配时计算,还结合随机机会约束规划方法提出了以各相位绿灯时间与所需绿灯时间差绝对值之和最小为目标的绿灯时间差模型,通过随机模拟与微粒群算法的结合,给出了求解随机机会约束规划的新算法。以设有公交专用道的两相位信号交叉口为例设计算例,结果证明,公交车到达率的随机变化特性对于其所在交叉口信号配时参数的设置有明显影响,验证了公交被动优先对交叉口信号配时参数动态调整的有效性。本文模型根据被动优先中调整了周期时长及绿信比策略确定更优信号配时方案,相较仅以Webster最佳周期模型为依据计算人均延误的传统模型,最小人均延误模型平均降低了8.12%的人均延误,证明了最小人均延误模型的有效性。说明最小人均延误模型可更好描述公交车到达率的波动性,降低对社会车辆负面影响,达到减少人均延误,提高交叉口通行效率的目的。