Housing Sulfur in Polymer Composite Frameworks for Li–S Batteries

Extensive efforts have been devoted to the design of micro-, nano-, and/or molecular structures of sulfur hosts to address the challenges of lithium–sulfur(Li–S) batteries, yet comparatively little research has been carried out on the binders in Li–S batteries. Herein, we systematically review the polymer composite frameworks that confine the sulfur within the sulfur electrode, taking the roles of sulfur hosts and functions of binders into consideration. In particular, we investigate the binding mechanism between the binder and sulfur host(such as mechanical interlocking and interfacial interactions), the chemical interactions between the polymer binder and sulfur(such as covalent bonding, electrostatic bonding, etc.), as well as the beneficial functions that polymer binders can impart on Li–S cathodes, such as conductive binders, electrolyte intake, adhesion strength etc. This work could provide a more comprehensive strategy in designing sulfur electrodes for long-life, large-capacity and high-rate Li–S battery.

Spinal Cord Contusion

Spinal cord injury is a major cause of disability with devastating neurological outcomes and lim-ited therapeutic opportunities, even though there are thousands of publications on spinal cord injury annually. There are two major types of spinal cord injury, transaction of the spinal cord and spinal cord contusion. Both can theoretically be treated, but there is no well documented treatment in human being. As for spinal cord contusion, we have developed an operation with fabulous result.

The Janus-faced role of Piezo1 in cardiovascular health under mechanical stimulation

In recent years,cardiovascular health problems are becoming more and more serious.At the same time,mechanical stimulation closely relates to cardiovascular health.In this context,Piezo1,which is very sensitive to mechanical stimulation,has attracted our attention.Here,we review the critical significance of Piezo1 in mechanical stimulation of endothelial cells,NO production,lipid metabolism,DNA damage protection,the development of new blood vessels and maturation,narrowing of blood vessels,blood pressure regulation,vascular permeability,insulin sensitivity,and maintenance of red blood cell function.Besides,Piezo1 may participate in the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis,diabetes,hypertension,and other cardiovascular diseases.It is worth noting that Piezo1 has dual effects on maintaining cardiovascular health.On the one hand,the function of Piezo1 is necessary to maintain cardiovascular health;on the other hand,under some extreme mechanical stimulation,the overexpression of Piezo1 may bring adverse factors such as inflammation.Therefore,this review discusses the Janus-faced role of Piezo1 in maintaining cardiovascular health and puts forward new ideas to provide references for gene therapy or nanoagents targeting Piezo1.

Self-assembly of CXCR4 antagonist peptide-docetaxel conjugates for breast tumor multi-organ metastasis inhibition

As a representative chemotherapeutic drug,docetaxel(DTX)has been used for breast cancer treatment for decades.However,the poor solubility of DTX limits its efficacy,and the DTX based therapy increases the metastasis risk due to the upregulation of C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4(CXCR4)expression during the treatment.Herein,we conjugated CXCR4 antagonist peptide(CTCE)with DTX(termed CTCE-DTX)as an anti-metastasis agent to treat breast cancer.CTCE-DTX could selfassemble to nanoparticles,targeting CXCR4-upregulated metastatic tumor cells and enhancing the DTX efficacy.Thus,the CTCE-DTX NPs achieved promising efficacy on inhibiting both bonespecific metastasis and lung metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer.Our work provided a rational strategy on designing peptide-drug conjugates with synergistic anti-tumor efficacy.

Dynamics of non-metal-regulated FeCo bimetal microenvironment on oxygen reduction reaction activity and intrinsic mechanism

The change in the coordination environment of the active sites of a fuel cell cathode catalyst provides a new modulation strategy for stimulating the catalyst’s oxygen reduction reaction activity.The thermodynamic and electronic properties of the FeCoN5A and FeCoN6A catalyst structures with nonmetallic A-doped(A=B,N,O,P,and S)coordination were calculated and analyzed based on density functional theory.The modulation order of G*OH by different A-doped FeCo bimetal pairs(BMPs)was as follows:S>P>O>N/C>B.There was a dynamic distribution of charges in the coordination environment during the adsorption of OH,which resulted in inversely proportional relationship with the charge transfer between the adsorbate OH,active site,first coordination layer,and second coordination layer in turn.Descriptors of the orbital energy levels of neighboring nonmetal atoms were constructed based on the p-electron number and electronegativity of the doped nonmetal A.The change of the orbital energy levels of the first coordination atom during the adsorption process caused the structure to exhibit different adsorption energies.This study provides new insights on the non-metallic modulation of the M-N-C coordination environment to improve the oxygen reduction reaction activity.

陕西省子午岭国家级自然保护区和桥山省级自然保护区及周边地区鸟兽的红外相机监测

子午岭国家级自然保护区（35°45＇–36°01＇N,108°30＇–108°41＇E）位于陕西和甘肃两省交界的子午岭陕西境内,占地面积406.21 km～2,海拔1,100–1,687 m,地带性植被类型属华北暖温带落叶阔叶林。保护区内春季多风,夏季炎热,秋季多雨,冬季干旱。年均降水量588.7 mm,且主要集中在6–9月。年平均气温9.2℃,气温年较差25.9℃（刘淑明,2004）。保护区内管理严格，少见人为活动。

Microporous bamboo biochar for lithium-sulfur batteries

简单、便宜、可伸缩、环境地友好，多微孔的生物资源 biochars 在锂硫(Li-S ) 为申请一直在吸引热心注意电池。此处，多孔的竹子 biochar 经由创造多微孔的结构的一个 KOH/annealing 过程被激活，增加表面区域并且提高电子电导率。对待的样品被用来包含硫准备多微孔的竹子碳硫(英国计算机学会) 用作为 Li-S 电池的阴极的 nanocomposite 第一次。有 50 wt.% 硫内容的英国计算机学会 nanocomposite 交付 1,295 妈的一个高起始的能力 ???  ??

Noble metal-free catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction

Developing noble metal-free catalysts with low cost, high performance and stability for oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) in fuel cells is of great interest to promote sustainable energy devices. In this review, we summarized noble metal-free catalysts for ORR,including non-noble metal-based and heteroatom-doped carbon nanomaterials. Mesoporous structure, homogeneous distribution of nanocrystals and synergistic effect of carbon base and nanocrystals/doped heteroatoms have great effect on the ORR property.The noble metal-free nanomaterials showed comparable catalytic property, better stability and methanol tolerance than commercial platinum(Pt)-based catalysts, showing great potential as substitutes for noble metal-based catalysts. In addition, the challenges and chances of developing noble metal-free ORR catalysts are also discussed.

Inhibition of in-stent restenosis after graphene oxide double-layer drug coating with good biocompatibility

In this study,we designed a double layer-coated vascular stent of 316L stainless steel using an ultrasonic spray system to achieve both antiproliferation and antithrombosis.The coating included an inner layer of graphene oxide(GO)loaded with docetaxel(DTX)and an outer layer of carboxymethyl chitosan(CMC)loaded with heparin(Hep).The coated surface was uniform without aggregation and shedding phenomena before and after stent expanded.The coating treatment was able to inhibit the adhesion and activation of platelets and the proliferation and migration of smooth muscle cells,indicating the excellent biocompatibility and antiproliferation ability.The toxicity tests showed that the GO/DTX and CMC/Hep coating did not cause deformity and organ abnormalities in zebrafish under stereomicroscope.The stents with GO double-layer coating were safe and could effectively prevent thrombosis and in-stent restenosis after the implantation into rabbit carotid arteries for 4–12 weeks.

Kelly sideband suppression and wavelength tuning of a conventional soliton in a Tm-doped hybrid mode-locked fiber laser with an all-fiber Lyot filter

We demonstrate a stable conventional soliton in a Tm-doped hybrid mode-locked fiber laser by employing a homemade all-fiber Lyot filter(AFLF) and a single-wall carbon nanotube. The AFLF, designed by sandwiching a piece of polarization-maintained fiber(PMF) with two 45° tilted fiber gratings inscribed by a UV laser in PMF with a phase-mask scanning technique, shows large filter depth of ～9 d B and small insertion loss of ～0.8 dB. By optimizing the free spectral range of the AFLF, the Kelly sidebands of a conventional soliton centered at1966.4 nm can be dramatically suppressed without impairing the main shape of the soliton spectrum. It gives the pulse duration of 1.18 ps and bandwidth of 3.8 nm. By adjusting the temperature of the PMF of the AFLF from 7°C to 60°C, wavelength tunable soliton pulses ranging from 1971.62 nm to 1952.63 nm are also obtained.The generated soliton pulses can be precisely tuned between 1971.62 nm and 1952.63 nm by controlling the temperature of the AFLF.

Two-stage degradation and novel functional endothelium characteristics of a 3-D printed bioresorbable scaffold

Bioresorbable scaffolds have emerged as a new generation of vascular implants for the treatment of atherosclerosis,and designed to provide a temporary scaffold that is subsequently absorbed by blood vessels over time.Presently,there is insufficient data on the biological and mechanical responses of blood vessels accompanied by bioresorbable scaffolds(BRS)degradation.Therefore,it is necessary to investigate the inflexion point of degradation,the response of blood vessels,and the pathophysiological process of vascular,as results of such studies will be of great value for the design of next generation of BRS.In this study,abdominal aortas of SD rats were received 3-D printed poly-l-actide vascular scaffolds(PLS)for various durations up to 12 months.The response of PLS implanted aorta went through two distinct processes:(1)the neointima with desirable barrier function was obtained in 1 month,accompanied with slow degradation,inflammation,and intimal hyperplasia;(2)significant degradation occurred from 6 months,accompanied with decreasing inflammation and intimal hyperplasia,while the extracellular matrix recovered to normal vessels which indicate the positive remodeling.These in vivo results indicate that 6 months is a key turning point.This“two-stage degradation and vascular characteristics”is proposed to elucidate the long-term effects of PLS on vascular repair and demonstrated the potential of PLS in promoting endothelium function and positive remodeling,which highlights the benefits of PLS and shed some light in the future researches,such as drug combination coatings design.

A pH-responsive biomimetic drug delivery nanosystem for targeted chemo-photothermal therapy of tumors

Smart drug delivery nanosystem is significant for tumor treatments due to its possibility of temporally,spatially,and dose-controlled release.However,the therapeutic efficacy of drug delivery nanosystem is often compromised in cancer treatment as the enrichment of therapeutic agents in the reticuloendothelial system.Herein,doxorubicin(DOX)loaded biomimetic drug delivery nanosystem with macrophage cell membrane(MCM)camouflaged,MnFe_(2)O_(4)-DOX-MCM nanocube(NC),is developed for cancer treatment with tumor targeting,pH-stimuli drug release,and chemo-photothermal therapeutic effects.The nanosystem shows the capability of immune escape and enhanced cellular uptake of cancer cells due to the MCM decoration.Acid-labile bond between the MnFe2O4 NCs and DOX remains stable at physiological condition and release drugs immediately in response to the endo-/lysosome pH stimuli.Meanwhile,the photothermal effect of the nanosystem destroys tumor tissue,which further promotes chemotherapeutic efficacy.In vivo results demonstrate the tumor homing ability and produce a notable synergistic therapeutic effect of the NCs.Thus,biomimetic pH-responsive drug delivery nanosystem,MnFe_(2)O_(4)-DOX-MCM NCs,is an effective nanoplatform,which might be potential application for cancer synergistic treatment.

Kinetics of UV curable alkyl 3-mercaptopropionate-vinyl silizane

Photopolymerization of vinyl-containing liquid silizane preceramic monomers copolymerized with thiol monomers,based on a step-growth radical polymerization mechanism,is a novel,rapid,inexpensive and simple tech-nique for producing preceramic structures from liquid pre-cursors.The kinetics of alkyl 3-mercptopropionate-vinyl silizane under UV irradiation is investigated by using real-time Fourier transform infrarcd(FT-IR)and photo-dif-ferential scanning calorimetry(photo-DSC).The experi-mental results show preliminarily that:(1)about 80%conversion of vinyl group has been achieved in the pres-ence of a low concentration photoinitiator under UV irra-diation;(2)by increasing the functionalities of the thiol group,the peak rate of copolymerization increases and the final conversion of the vinyl group decreases;(3)the copolymerization is primarily a bimolecular radical ter-mination process;(4)the copolymerization is first-order,i.e.,its rate is proportional to the vinyl group concentra-tion and independent of the concentration of thiol group.