[目的]提高土壤有机碳水平对提升农田生产力有重要意义。基于长期定位施肥试验,比较施肥影响下相同成土母质发育的红壤性稻田和旱地土壤的总有机碳(TOC)及其组分的积累差异,以深入理解红壤有机碳的固持及稳定机制。[方法]稻田和旱地长...[目的]提高土壤有机碳水平对提升农田生产力有重要意义。基于长期定位施肥试验,比较施肥影响下相同成土母质发育的红壤性稻田和旱地土壤的总有机碳(TOC)及其组分的积累差异,以深入理解红壤有机碳的固持及稳定机制。[方法]稻田和旱地长期施肥试验分别始于1981和1986年,包含CK(不施肥对照)、NPK(施氮磷钾化肥)和NPKM(有机无机肥配施)3个处理,在2017年晚稻和晚玉米收获后,采集两个试验上述处理的耕层(0—20 cm)土样,通过硫酸水解法分离土壤活性与惰性有机碳,测定并计算土壤中TOC及其组分的含量及储量,并利用J e n n y模型拟合试验期间耕层土壤T O C含量的变化动态,估算土壤固碳潜力。[结果]与CK相比,长期施肥可提高稻田和旱地土壤各有机碳组分的含量,且NPKM处理的效果优于NPK处理。相比于稻田土壤,施肥对旱地土壤各有机碳组分含量的提升更加明显。NPK和NPKM处理下,旱地土壤活性有机碳组分Ⅰ、活性有机碳组分Ⅱ、惰性有机碳含量的增幅分别是稻田土壤的2.7、2.7、5.8倍和2.0、1.4和2.5倍。不论施肥与否,稻田土壤TOC的固存量和固存潜力均显著高于旱地土壤。施肥促进土壤固碳,在稻田和旱地土壤上,NPKM处理的TOC固存量分别是NPK处理的1.7和25.5倍,TOC固存潜力则分别是NPK处理的1.4和5.8倍。长期不同施肥均显著提高稻田和旱地土壤年均碳投入量,线性拟合方程表明,随碳投入量增加,土壤活性有机碳储量的累积对稻田、旱地土壤TOC储量累积的贡献率分别达64.7%、44.6%。不同处理间稻田与旱地土壤活性有机碳(包括活性有机碳组分Ⅰ与活性有机碳组分Ⅱ)含量的差异可解释其TOC含量差异的52.9%~60.0%。[结论]与施氮磷钾化肥相比,有机无机肥配施可更好的促进土壤固碳,且在旱地土壤上的促进作用比在稻田土壤上更为明显。与稻田土壤相比,旱地土壤各有机碳组分含量的变化对长期施肥的响应更敏感,且在施氮磷钾化肥条件下表现更为明显。红壤性稻田和旱地土壤TOC积累的主要贡献组分分别为活性有机碳和惰性有机碳。红壤植稻虽有利于有机碳固持,但红壤性稻田土壤的活性碳占比较高,可能易因不当管理而发生损失。展开更多
There is limited information on carbon sequestration efficiency(CSE)of soil aggregates in upland and paddy soils under long-term fertilization regimes.In a red soil region of southern China,an upland soil experiment s...There is limited information on carbon sequestration efficiency(CSE)of soil aggregates in upland and paddy soils under long-term fertilization regimes.In a red soil region of southern China,an upland soil experiment started in 1986 and a paddy soil experiment commenced in 1981.These experiments were conducted using different fertilization treatments.After 30 years,soil organic carbon(SOC)content and stock of different aggregate components were analyzed.The results showed that the SOC contents and stocks in upland soil were lower than in paddy soil.In both upland and paddy soils,the SOC contents and stocks of all aggregate components in NPKM(combined treatment with chemical nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),potassium(K)fertilizers and manure)were the highest among all treatments.Compared with CK(no fertilizer),SOC content of all aggregate components in NPKM was increased by 13.21–63.11%and 19.13–73.33%in upland and paddy soils,respectively.Meanwhile,the change rates in SOC stock of all aggregate components in upland soil were lower than in paddy soil,although the change rate of SOC stock of all aggregate components in NPKM was higher than in other treatments.Furthermore,a linear equation could fit the relationships between carbon(C)input and change rate of SOC stock(P<0.05).Results indicated that the sum of CSE from all aggregate components in upland soil(16.02%)was higher than that of paddy soil(15.12%)in the same climatic condition and from the same parent material.However,the CSEs from all aggregates were higher than that of bulk soil,although the result from bulk soil also showed that the CSE of upland soil was higher than that of paddy soil.展开更多
Soil organic carbon (SOC) is one of the main carbon reservoirs in the terrestrial ecosystem. It is important to study SOC dynamics and effects of organic carbon amendments in paddy fields because of their vest expan...Soil organic carbon (SOC) is one of the main carbon reservoirs in the terrestrial ecosystem. It is important to study SOC dynamics and effects of organic carbon amendments in paddy fields because of their vest expansion in south China. A study was carried out to evaluate the relationship between the SOC content and organic carbon input under various organic amendments at a long-term fertilization experiment that was established on a red soil under a double rice cropping system in 1981. The treatments included non-fertilization (CK), nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilization in early rice only (NPK), green manure (Astragalus sinicus L.) in early rice only (OM1), high rate of green manure in early rice only (OM2), combined green manure in early rice and farmyard manure in late rice (OM3), combined green manure in early rice, farmyard manure in late rice and rice straw mulching in winter (OM4), combined green manure in early rice and rice straw mulching in winter (OMS). Our data showed that the SOC content was the highest under OM3 and OM4, followed by OM1, OM2 and OM5, then NPK fertilization, and the lowest under non-fertilization. However, our analyses in SOC stock indicated a significant difference between OM3 (33.9 t ha^-1) and OM4 (31.8 t ha^-1), but no difference between NPK fertilization (27 t ha^-1) and nonfertilization (28.1 t ha^-1). There was a significant linear increase in SOC over time for all treatments, and the slop of linear equation was greater in organic manure treatments (0.276-0.344 g kg-1 yr^-1) than in chemical fertilizer (0.216 g kg^-1 yr^-1) and no fertilizer (0.127 g kg^-1 yr^-1).展开更多
文摘[目的]提高土壤有机碳水平对提升农田生产力有重要意义。基于长期定位施肥试验,比较施肥影响下相同成土母质发育的红壤性稻田和旱地土壤的总有机碳(TOC)及其组分的积累差异,以深入理解红壤有机碳的固持及稳定机制。[方法]稻田和旱地长期施肥试验分别始于1981和1986年,包含CK(不施肥对照)、NPK(施氮磷钾化肥)和NPKM(有机无机肥配施)3个处理,在2017年晚稻和晚玉米收获后,采集两个试验上述处理的耕层(0—20 cm)土样,通过硫酸水解法分离土壤活性与惰性有机碳,测定并计算土壤中TOC及其组分的含量及储量,并利用J e n n y模型拟合试验期间耕层土壤T O C含量的变化动态,估算土壤固碳潜力。[结果]与CK相比,长期施肥可提高稻田和旱地土壤各有机碳组分的含量,且NPKM处理的效果优于NPK处理。相比于稻田土壤,施肥对旱地土壤各有机碳组分含量的提升更加明显。NPK和NPKM处理下,旱地土壤活性有机碳组分Ⅰ、活性有机碳组分Ⅱ、惰性有机碳含量的增幅分别是稻田土壤的2.7、2.7、5.8倍和2.0、1.4和2.5倍。不论施肥与否,稻田土壤TOC的固存量和固存潜力均显著高于旱地土壤。施肥促进土壤固碳,在稻田和旱地土壤上,NPKM处理的TOC固存量分别是NPK处理的1.7和25.5倍,TOC固存潜力则分别是NPK处理的1.4和5.8倍。长期不同施肥均显著提高稻田和旱地土壤年均碳投入量,线性拟合方程表明,随碳投入量增加,土壤活性有机碳储量的累积对稻田、旱地土壤TOC储量累积的贡献率分别达64.7%、44.6%。不同处理间稻田与旱地土壤活性有机碳(包括活性有机碳组分Ⅰ与活性有机碳组分Ⅱ)含量的差异可解释其TOC含量差异的52.9%~60.0%。[结论]与施氮磷钾化肥相比,有机无机肥配施可更好的促进土壤固碳,且在旱地土壤上的促进作用比在稻田土壤上更为明显。与稻田土壤相比,旱地土壤各有机碳组分含量的变化对长期施肥的响应更敏感,且在施氮磷钾化肥条件下表现更为明显。红壤性稻田和旱地土壤TOC积累的主要贡献组分分别为活性有机碳和惰性有机碳。红壤植稻虽有利于有机碳固持,但红壤性稻田土壤的活性碳占比较高,可能易因不当管理而发生损失。
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0200101 and 2016YFD0300901)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41671301 and 41371293)the Innovation Plan of Scientific and Research in Modern Agriculture, Jiangxi Province, China (JXXTCX2015003-005)
文摘There is limited information on carbon sequestration efficiency(CSE)of soil aggregates in upland and paddy soils under long-term fertilization regimes.In a red soil region of southern China,an upland soil experiment started in 1986 and a paddy soil experiment commenced in 1981.These experiments were conducted using different fertilization treatments.After 30 years,soil organic carbon(SOC)content and stock of different aggregate components were analyzed.The results showed that the SOC contents and stocks in upland soil were lower than in paddy soil.In both upland and paddy soils,the SOC contents and stocks of all aggregate components in NPKM(combined treatment with chemical nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),potassium(K)fertilizers and manure)were the highest among all treatments.Compared with CK(no fertilizer),SOC content of all aggregate components in NPKM was increased by 13.21–63.11%and 19.13–73.33%in upland and paddy soils,respectively.Meanwhile,the change rates in SOC stock of all aggregate components in upland soil were lower than in paddy soil,although the change rate of SOC stock of all aggregate components in NPKM was higher than in other treatments.Furthermore,a linear equation could fit the relationships between carbon(C)input and change rate of SOC stock(P<0.05).Results indicated that the sum of CSE from all aggregate components in upland soil(16.02%)was higher than that of paddy soil(15.12%)in the same climatic condition and from the same parent material.However,the CSEs from all aggregates were higher than that of bulk soil,although the result from bulk soil also showed that the CSE of upland soil was higher than that of paddy soil.
基金supported by the Special Fund for Agroscientific Research in the Public Interest (201203030 and 201003016)the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, 2011CB100501-S06)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41301269)
文摘Soil organic carbon (SOC) is one of the main carbon reservoirs in the terrestrial ecosystem. It is important to study SOC dynamics and effects of organic carbon amendments in paddy fields because of their vest expansion in south China. A study was carried out to evaluate the relationship between the SOC content and organic carbon input under various organic amendments at a long-term fertilization experiment that was established on a red soil under a double rice cropping system in 1981. The treatments included non-fertilization (CK), nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilization in early rice only (NPK), green manure (Astragalus sinicus L.) in early rice only (OM1), high rate of green manure in early rice only (OM2), combined green manure in early rice and farmyard manure in late rice (OM3), combined green manure in early rice, farmyard manure in late rice and rice straw mulching in winter (OM4), combined green manure in early rice and rice straw mulching in winter (OMS). Our data showed that the SOC content was the highest under OM3 and OM4, followed by OM1, OM2 and OM5, then NPK fertilization, and the lowest under non-fertilization. However, our analyses in SOC stock indicated a significant difference between OM3 (33.9 t ha^-1) and OM4 (31.8 t ha^-1), but no difference between NPK fertilization (27 t ha^-1) and nonfertilization (28.1 t ha^-1). There was a significant linear increase in SOC over time for all treatments, and the slop of linear equation was greater in organic manure treatments (0.276-0.344 g kg-1 yr^-1) than in chemical fertilizer (0.216 g kg^-1 yr^-1) and no fertilizer (0.127 g kg^-1 yr^-1).