Recent mapping and seismic survey reveal that intensive compression during the Early Cenozoic in the Qiangtang block of the central Tibetan Plateau formed an extensive complex of thrust sheets that moved relatively so...Recent mapping and seismic survey reveal that intensive compression during the Early Cenozoic in the Qiangtang block of the central Tibetan Plateau formed an extensive complex of thrust sheets that moved relatively southward along several generally north-dipping great thrust systems. Those at the borders of the ~450 km wide block show it overrides the Lhasa block to the south and is overridden by the Hohxil-Bayanhar block to the north. The systems are mostly thin-skinned imbricate thrusts with associated folding. The thrust sheets are chiefly floored by Jurassic limestone that apparently slid over Triassic sandstone and shale, which is locally included, and ramped upward and over Paleocene-Eocene red-beds. Some central thrusts scooped deeper and carried up Paleozoic metamorphic rock, Permian carbonate and granite to form a central uplift that divides the Qiangtang block into two parts. These systems and their associated structures are unconformably overlain by little deformed Late Eocene-Oligocene volcanic rock or capped by Miocene lake beds. A thrust system in the northern part of the block, as well as one in the northern part of the adjacent Lhasa block, dip to the south and appear to be due to secondary adjustments within the thrust sheets. The relative southward displacement across this Early Cenozoic mega thrust system is in excess of 150 km in the Qiangtang block, and the average southward slip-rate of the southern Qiangtang thrusts ranged from 5.6 mm to 7.4 mm/a during the Late Eocene-Oligocene. This Early Cenozoic thrusting ended before the Early Miocene and was followed by Late Cenozoic crustal extension and strike-slip faulting within the Qiangtang block. The revelation and understanding of these thrust systems are very important for the evaluation of the petroleum resources of the region.展开更多
Geological mapping at a scale of 1：250000 coupled with related researches in recent years reveal well Early Cenozoic paleo-tectonic evolution of the Tibetan Plateau. Marine deposits and foraminifera assemblages indic...Geological mapping at a scale of 1：250000 coupled with related researches in recent years reveal well Early Cenozoic paleo-tectonic evolution of the Tibetan Plateau. Marine deposits and foraminifera assemblages indicate that the Tethys-Himalaya Ocean and the Southwest Tarim Sea existed in the south and north of the Tibetan Plateau, respectively, in Paleocene-Eocene. The paleo- oceanic plate between the Indian continental plate and the Lhasa block had been as wide as 900km at beginning of the Cenozoic Era. Late Paleocene transgressions of the paleo-sea led to the formation of paleo-bays in the southern Lhasa block. Northward subduction of the Tethys-Himalaya Oceanic Plate caused magma emplacement and volcanic eruptions of the Linzizong Group in 64.5-44.3 Ma, which formed the Paleocene-Eocene Gangdise Magmatic Arc in the north of Yalung-Zangbu Suture （YZS）, accompanied by intensive thrust in the Lhasa, Qiangtang, Hoh Xil and Kunlun blocks. The Paleocene- Eocene depression of basins reached to a depth of 3500-4800 m along major thrust faults and 680-850 m along the boundary normal faults in central Tibetan Plateau, and the Paleocene-Eocene depression of the Tarim and Qaidam basins without evident contractions were only as deep as 300-580 m and 600-830 m, respectively, far away from central Tibetan Plateau. Low elevation plains formed in the southern continental margin of the Tethy-Himalaya Ocean, the central Tibet and the Tarim basin in Paleocene-Early Eocene. The Tibetan Plateau and Himalaya Mts. mainly uplifted after the Indian- Eurasian continental collision in Early-Middle Eocene.展开更多
Fission track dating was applied to analyze the 20 samples from Nyainrong microcontinent, and we obtained 20 apatite and 15 zircon fission track ages. The results show single population grain ages with a single mean a...Fission track dating was applied to analyze the 20 samples from Nyainrong microcontinent, and we obtained 20 apatite and 15 zircon fission track ages. The results show single population grain ages with a single mean age and associated central ages mainly ranging from 108±7Ma to 35±4Ma.Their mean track lengths are 12.2-13.9 μm with a single peak. Zircon fission track age range from 78±3 Ma to 117±4 Ma. The results represented the two tectonic uplift events in the study area, namely the Cretaceous and Paleogene periods. According to thermal history modeling results, uplifting rates of two tectonic events is 0.31-0.1 mm/a and 0.07-0.04 mm/a respectively. Combined with field condition and study results, it is suggested that the Cretaceous tectonic uplift event was related to the closure ocean basin caused by Qaingtang-Lhasa collision, and the Paleogene tectonic uplift event was related to the south to thrust system caused by Indo-Asian collision.展开更多
Selected geological data on Early Cretaceous strata, structures, magmatic plutons and volcanic rocks from the Kunlun to Himalaya Mountains reveal a new view of the Early Cretaceous paleo-tectonics and the related geod...Selected geological data on Early Cretaceous strata, structures, magmatic plutons and volcanic rocks from the Kunlun to Himalaya Mountains reveal a new view of the Early Cretaceous paleo-tectonics and the related geodynamic movement of the Tibetan Plateau. Two major paleo- oceans, the Mid-Tethys Ocean between the Qiangtang and Lhasa blocks, and the Neo-Tethys Ocean between the Lhasa and Himalayan blocks, existed in the Tibetan region in the Early Cretaceous. The Himalayan Marginal and South Lhasa Seas formed in the southern and northern margins of the Neo- Tethys Ocean, the Central Tibet Sea and the Qiangtang Marginal Sea formed in the southern and northern margins of the Mid-Tethys Ocean, respectively. An arm of the sea extended into the southwestern Tarim basin in the Early Cretaceous. Early Cretaceous intensive thrusting, magmatic emplacement and volcanic eruptions occurred in the central and northern Lhasa Block, while strike- slip formed along the Hoh-Xil and South Kunlun Faults in the northern Tibetan region. Early Cretaceous tectonics together with magmatic K20 geochemistry indicate an Early Cretaceous southward subduction of the Mid-Tethys Oceanic Plate along the Bangoin-Nujiang Suture which was thrust ~87 km southward during the Late Cretaceous-Early Cenozoic. No intensive thrust and magmatic emplacement occurred in the Early Cretaceous in the Himalayan and southern Lhasa Blocks, indicating that the spreading Neo-Tethys Oceanic Plate had not been subducted in the Early Cretaceous. To the north, terrestrial basins of red-beds formed in the Hoh-Xil, Kunlun, Qilian and the northeastern Tarim blocks in Early Cretaceous, and the Qiangtang Marginal Sea disappeared after the Qiangtang Block uplifted in the late Early Cretaceous.展开更多
The Hobq Desert, located in the northern Ordos Plateau is a typical in-situ desertification desert, which is quite different in characteristics and genesis from the Tengger Desert to the west and Muus Desert to the so...The Hobq Desert, located in the northern Ordos Plateau is a typical in-situ desertification desert, which is quite different in characteristics and genesis from the Tengger Desert to the west and Muus Desert to the south. The northern margin of Hobq Desert is strictly constrained to the south bank of the Yellow River. This relationship between deserts and rivers indicates that desertification may cause passive migration of river channels（Fig, la）.展开更多
A near NS-strike east-dipping normal fault is developed on the western side of Wenquan graben in the central Qinghai-Xizang(Tibet) Plateau. It is the western marginal fault of the graben and has been intensely active....A near NS-strike east-dipping normal fault is developed on the western side of Wenquan graben in the central Qinghai-Xizang(Tibet) Plateau. It is the western marginal fault of the graben and has been intensely active. It is a product of the near EW extension and deformation of the central northern Qinghai-Xizang(Tibet) Plateau since the late Cenozoic under the effect of the collision of the India and Eurasia plates. Since the late Cenozoic, the maximum vertical displacement on the fault was greater than 2.1km, and the dislocated Mesozoic fold stratum reveals a maximum accumulative throw of 6.0±2.2km. Quaternary faulting took place many times along the fault, creating multi-set piedmont fault facets and multi-level fault scarplets. According to the height of fault scarps that result from the vertical offset of the late Quaternary strata and geomorphic provinces, the maximum slip rate of the fault is estimated to have been less than 1.2mm/a since the late Quaternary, averaging 0.45mm/a. The trenching across the fault reveals that at least 3 paleoearthquakes of varied magnitudes have occurred since the late Epipleistocene. In view of the characteristics of Cenozoic faulting, it is concluded that the fault will act as a dominant seismogenic fault for earthquakes of M6.0 to M7.0 that are most likely to occur in the future.展开更多
黄河流域古河道的变迁对文化遗址形成的影响,是黄河文化研究的重要科学问题之一。内蒙古巴彦淖尔国家地质公园位于黄河中上游的河套盆地,公园内汉代临戎古城遗址的位置一直存在争论,确定黄河古河道与其相对位置关系是关键。通过对临戎...黄河流域古河道的变迁对文化遗址形成的影响,是黄河文化研究的重要科学问题之一。内蒙古巴彦淖尔国家地质公园位于黄河中上游的河套盆地,公园内汉代临戎古城遗址的位置一直存在争论,确定黄河古河道与其相对位置关系是关键。通过对临戎古城遗址周边10 km范围进行网格化槽型钻取心,利用钻孔数据构建三维粒度属性模型与沉积结构模型,对隐伏的古河道位置进行了较为精准地确定;并通过钻孔岩心沉积相分析与年代学测试,对古河道的沉积结构与年代进行了验证。结果表明,临戎古城遗址西3 km处存在(2.39±0.24) ka~(1.36±0.05) Cal ka BP的黄河古河道,自南向北流经临戎城西。以此确定的黄河与朔方郡各属县治城的相对位置符合史料的记载。本研究从沉积学角度为巴彦淖尔国家地质公园临戎古城遗址位置的考证提供了地质科学依据。展开更多
The regional geologic and geomorphic observations show that an active arcuate normal fault constitutes the main boundary fault of the Haba-Yulong Snow Mountains (HYSM). This fault is called eastern piedmont fault of H...The regional geologic and geomorphic observations show that an active arcuate normal fault constitutes the main boundary fault of the Haba-Yulong Snow Mountains (HYSM). This fault is called eastern piedmont fault of Haba-Yulong Snow Mountains (HYPF). The fault consists of two segments with differential trend; the northern segment is NW-trending and NE-dipping and the southern section is S-N trending and E-dipping. Three sets of fault scarps cutting late Quaternary landforms and their dating results indicate that the fault is a prominent Holocene active fault and its throw rates are 0.3―1.4 mm/a during late Quaternary. The geometry and kinematics of the fault suggest that the arcuate normal faulting or rifting are typical surface deformation pattern at the two tips of the Z-shaped rift zone of northwestern Yunnan, which is related to regional east-west extension accompanying clockwise rota- tion of micro-block.展开更多
基金financially supporting the research under grants No.1212011221111,Sinoprobe-02-01 and 2006DFB21330 respectively
文摘Recent mapping and seismic survey reveal that intensive compression during the Early Cenozoic in the Qiangtang block of the central Tibetan Plateau formed an extensive complex of thrust sheets that moved relatively southward along several generally north-dipping great thrust systems. Those at the borders of the ~450 km wide block show it overrides the Lhasa block to the south and is overridden by the Hohxil-Bayanhar block to the north. The systems are mostly thin-skinned imbricate thrusts with associated folding. The thrust sheets are chiefly floored by Jurassic limestone that apparently slid over Triassic sandstone and shale, which is locally included, and ramped upward and over Paleocene-Eocene red-beds. Some central thrusts scooped deeper and carried up Paleozoic metamorphic rock, Permian carbonate and granite to form a central uplift that divides the Qiangtang block into two parts. These systems and their associated structures are unconformably overlain by little deformed Late Eocene-Oligocene volcanic rock or capped by Miocene lake beds. A thrust system in the northern part of the block, as well as one in the northern part of the adjacent Lhasa block, dip to the south and appear to be due to secondary adjustments within the thrust sheets. The relative southward displacement across this Early Cenozoic mega thrust system is in excess of 150 km in the Qiangtang block, and the average southward slip-rate of the southern Qiangtang thrusts ranged from 5.6 mm to 7.4 mm/a during the Late Eocene-Oligocene. This Early Cenozoic thrusting ended before the Early Miocene and was followed by Late Cenozoic crustal extension and strike-slip faulting within the Qiangtang block. The revelation and understanding of these thrust systems are very important for the evaluation of the petroleum resources of the region.
基金supported by the China GeologicalSurvey under grant Nos. 1212011120185 and 1212011221111Ministry of Land and Resources of China under grant Sinoprobe-02the Ministry of Science and Technology of China under grant No.2006DFB21330
文摘Geological mapping at a scale of 1：250000 coupled with related researches in recent years reveal well Early Cenozoic paleo-tectonic evolution of the Tibetan Plateau. Marine deposits and foraminifera assemblages indicate that the Tethys-Himalaya Ocean and the Southwest Tarim Sea existed in the south and north of the Tibetan Plateau, respectively, in Paleocene-Eocene. The paleo- oceanic plate between the Indian continental plate and the Lhasa block had been as wide as 900km at beginning of the Cenozoic Era. Late Paleocene transgressions of the paleo-sea led to the formation of paleo-bays in the southern Lhasa block. Northward subduction of the Tethys-Himalaya Oceanic Plate caused magma emplacement and volcanic eruptions of the Linzizong Group in 64.5-44.3 Ma, which formed the Paleocene-Eocene Gangdise Magmatic Arc in the north of Yalung-Zangbu Suture （YZS）, accompanied by intensive thrust in the Lhasa, Qiangtang, Hoh Xil and Kunlun blocks. The Paleocene- Eocene depression of basins reached to a depth of 3500-4800 m along major thrust faults and 680-850 m along the boundary normal faults in central Tibetan Plateau, and the Paleocene-Eocene depression of the Tarim and Qaidam basins without evident contractions were only as deep as 300-580 m and 600-830 m, respectively, far away from central Tibetan Plateau. Low elevation plains formed in the southern continental margin of the Tethy-Himalaya Ocean, the central Tibet and the Tarim basin in Paleocene-Early Eocene. The Tibetan Plateau and Himalaya Mts. mainly uplifted after the Indian- Eurasian continental collision in Early-Middle Eocene.
基金financially supported by the geological survey project of China Geological Survey(Grant No:1212011120185 and Grant No:1212011120182)
文摘Fission track dating was applied to analyze the 20 samples from Nyainrong microcontinent, and we obtained 20 apatite and 15 zircon fission track ages. The results show single population grain ages with a single mean age and associated central ages mainly ranging from 108±7Ma to 35±4Ma.Their mean track lengths are 12.2-13.9 μm with a single peak. Zircon fission track age range from 78±3 Ma to 117±4 Ma. The results represented the two tectonic uplift events in the study area, namely the Cretaceous and Paleogene periods. According to thermal history modeling results, uplifting rates of two tectonic events is 0.31-0.1 mm/a and 0.07-0.04 mm/a respectively. Combined with field condition and study results, it is suggested that the Cretaceous tectonic uplift event was related to the closure ocean basin caused by Qaingtang-Lhasa collision, and the Paleogene tectonic uplift event was related to the south to thrust system caused by Indo-Asian collision.
基金supported by the China Geological Survey under grants No.1212011120185 and 1212011221111the Ministry of Land and Resources of China under a grant Sinoprobe-02the Ministry of Science and Technology of China under a grant 2006DFB21330
文摘Selected geological data on Early Cretaceous strata, structures, magmatic plutons and volcanic rocks from the Kunlun to Himalaya Mountains reveal a new view of the Early Cretaceous paleo-tectonics and the related geodynamic movement of the Tibetan Plateau. Two major paleo- oceans, the Mid-Tethys Ocean between the Qiangtang and Lhasa blocks, and the Neo-Tethys Ocean between the Lhasa and Himalayan blocks, existed in the Tibetan region in the Early Cretaceous. The Himalayan Marginal and South Lhasa Seas formed in the southern and northern margins of the Neo- Tethys Ocean, the Central Tibet Sea and the Qiangtang Marginal Sea formed in the southern and northern margins of the Mid-Tethys Ocean, respectively. An arm of the sea extended into the southwestern Tarim basin in the Early Cretaceous. Early Cretaceous intensive thrusting, magmatic emplacement and volcanic eruptions occurred in the central and northern Lhasa Block, while strike- slip formed along the Hoh-Xil and South Kunlun Faults in the northern Tibetan region. Early Cretaceous tectonics together with magmatic K20 geochemistry indicate an Early Cretaceous southward subduction of the Mid-Tethys Oceanic Plate along the Bangoin-Nujiang Suture which was thrust ~87 km southward during the Late Cretaceous-Early Cenozoic. No intensive thrust and magmatic emplacement occurred in the Early Cretaceous in the Himalayan and southern Lhasa Blocks, indicating that the spreading Neo-Tethys Oceanic Plate had not been subducted in the Early Cretaceous. To the north, terrestrial basins of red-beds formed in the Hoh-Xil, Kunlun, Qilian and the northeastern Tarim blocks in Early Cretaceous, and the Qiangtang Marginal Sea disappeared after the Qiangtang Block uplifted in the late Early Cretaceous.
基金funded by the China Geological Survey Project("1:50,000 mapping pilot project of Hulesitaisumu and other three sheets",grant no.12120114042101)
文摘The Hobq Desert, located in the northern Ordos Plateau is a typical in-situ desertification desert, which is quite different in characteristics and genesis from the Tengger Desert to the west and Muus Desert to the south. The northern margin of Hobq Desert is strictly constrained to the south bank of the Yellow River. This relationship between deserts and rivers indicates that desertification may cause passive migration of river channels（Fig, la）.
文摘A near NS-strike east-dipping normal fault is developed on the western side of Wenquan graben in the central Qinghai-Xizang(Tibet) Plateau. It is the western marginal fault of the graben and has been intensely active. It is a product of the near EW extension and deformation of the central northern Qinghai-Xizang(Tibet) Plateau since the late Cenozoic under the effect of the collision of the India and Eurasia plates. Since the late Cenozoic, the maximum vertical displacement on the fault was greater than 2.1km, and the dislocated Mesozoic fold stratum reveals a maximum accumulative throw of 6.0±2.2km. Quaternary faulting took place many times along the fault, creating multi-set piedmont fault facets and multi-level fault scarplets. According to the height of fault scarps that result from the vertical offset of the late Quaternary strata and geomorphic provinces, the maximum slip rate of the fault is estimated to have been less than 1.2mm/a since the late Quaternary, averaging 0.45mm/a. The trenching across the fault reveals that at least 3 paleoearthquakes of varied magnitudes have occurred since the late Epipleistocene. In view of the characteristics of Cenozoic faulting, it is concluded that the fault will act as a dominant seismogenic fault for earthquakes of M6.0 to M7.0 that are most likely to occur in the future.
文摘黄河流域古河道的变迁对文化遗址形成的影响,是黄河文化研究的重要科学问题之一。内蒙古巴彦淖尔国家地质公园位于黄河中上游的河套盆地,公园内汉代临戎古城遗址的位置一直存在争论,确定黄河古河道与其相对位置关系是关键。通过对临戎古城遗址周边10 km范围进行网格化槽型钻取心,利用钻孔数据构建三维粒度属性模型与沉积结构模型,对隐伏的古河道位置进行了较为精准地确定;并通过钻孔岩心沉积相分析与年代学测试,对古河道的沉积结构与年代进行了验证。结果表明,临戎古城遗址西3 km处存在(2.39±0.24) ka~(1.36±0.05) Cal ka BP的黄河古河道,自南向北流经临戎城西。以此确定的黄河与朔方郡各属县治城的相对位置符合史料的记载。本研究从沉积学角度为巴彦淖尔国家地质公园临戎古城遗址位置的考证提供了地质科学依据。
基金Supported by Department of International Cooperation of Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Grant No. 2006DFA21320)China Geological Survey of Ministry of Land and Resources (Grant No. 1212010541404)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40501006)
文摘The regional geologic and geomorphic observations show that an active arcuate normal fault constitutes the main boundary fault of the Haba-Yulong Snow Mountains (HYSM). This fault is called eastern piedmont fault of Haba-Yulong Snow Mountains (HYPF). The fault consists of two segments with differential trend; the northern segment is NW-trending and NE-dipping and the southern section is S-N trending and E-dipping. Three sets of fault scarps cutting late Quaternary landforms and their dating results indicate that the fault is a prominent Holocene active fault and its throw rates are 0.3―1.4 mm/a during late Quaternary. The geometry and kinematics of the fault suggest that the arcuate normal faulting or rifting are typical surface deformation pattern at the two tips of the Z-shaped rift zone of northwestern Yunnan, which is related to regional east-west extension accompanying clockwise rota- tion of micro-block.
