Although the performance of perovskite solar cells(PSCs)has been dramatically increased in recent years,stability is still the main obstacle preventing the PSCs from being commercial.PSC device instability can be caus...Although the performance of perovskite solar cells(PSCs)has been dramatically increased in recent years,stability is still the main obstacle preventing the PSCs from being commercial.PSC device instability can be caused by a variety of reasons,including ions diffusion,surface and grain boundary defects,etc.In this work,the cross-linkable tannic acid(TA)is introduced to modify perovskite film through post-treatment method.The numerous organic functional groups(–OH and C=O)in TA can interact with the uncoordinated Pb^(2+)and I^(-)ions in perovskite,thus passivating defects and inhibiting ions diffusion.In addition,the formed TA network can absorb a small amount of the residual moisture inside the device to protect the perovskite layer.Furthermore,TA modification regulates the energy level of perovskite,and reduces interfacial charge recombination.Ultimately,following TA treatment,the device efficiency is increased significantly from 21.31%to 23.11%,with a decreased hysteresis effect.Notably,the treated device shows excellent air,thermal,and operational stability.In light of this,the readily available,inexpensive TA has the potential to operate as a multipurpose interfacial modifier to increase device efficiency while also enhancing device stability.展开更多
Fibrosis is the end-stage change of damaged tissues in various human diseases,which can lead to permanent scarring or organ malfunction.Hypoxia leads to oxidative stress,mitochondrial dysfunction,and inflammation in d...Fibrosis is the end-stage change of damaged tissues in various human diseases,which can lead to permanent scarring or organ malfunction.Hypoxia leads to oxidative stress,mitochondrial dysfunction,and inflammation in dysfunctional organs and tissues.Oxidative stress resulting from the overproduction of reactive oxygen species plays a central role in the fibrosis of injured organs.This review addresses the updated knowledge of the relationship between hypoxia and tissue fibrosis mediated by the reactive oxygen species pathway.Moreover,novel anti-fibrotic strategies are discussed,which may suppress reactive oxygen species and organ fibrosis.展开更多
Background:Anisodine hydrobromide(AT3),an anti-cholinergic agent,could be delivered to the brain across the blood-brain barrier and has been used clinically for the treatment of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.En...Background:Anisodine hydrobromide(AT3),an anti-cholinergic agent,could be delivered to the brain across the blood-brain barrier and has been used clinically for the treatment of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.Endothelial dysfunction can be caused by hypoxia/reoxygenation(H/R)via oxidative stress and metabolic alterations.The present study investigated whether AT3 regulates the production of nitric oxide(NO)and reactive oxygen species(ROS),and the HIF-1αpathway via regulation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors(mAChRs)in brain microvascular endothelial cells after H/R exposure.Methods:Under H/R conditions,hCMEC/D3 cerebral microvascular endothelial cells were treated with AT3.Specific inhibitors of M2-and M4-mAChRs were used to explore the mechanism by which AT3 influences oxidative stress in endothelial cells.Then,mAChRs expression was detected by western blotting and NO production was detected by Greiss reaction.The intracellular ROS level was measured using DCFH-DA probes.The expression of hypoxia-inducible transcription factor 1α(HIF-1α)was also detected.Results:While H/R induced the expression of M2-and M4-mAChRs,AT3 suppressed the H/R-upregulated M2-and M4-mAChRs.H/R also induced the production of NO,ROS,and apoptosis.AT3 and M4-mAChR inhibitors inhibited the H/R-induced production of NO and ROS and apoptosis.HIF-1αwas induced by H/R,but was suppressed by AT3.Conclusion:Thus,the in vitro evidence shows that AT3 protects against H/R injury in cerebral microvascular endothelial cells via inhibition of HIF-1α,NO and ROS,predominantly through the downregulation of M4-mAChR.The findings offer novel understandings regarding AT3-mediated attenuation of endothelial cell apoptosis and cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.展开更多
Cancer stem cells(CSCs)are heterogeneous with self-renewal and differentiation ability.The mRNA expression-based stemness index(mRNAsi)described the similarity between tumor cells and CSCs,which is positively associat...Cancer stem cells(CSCs)are heterogeneous with self-renewal and differentiation ability.The mRNA expression-based stemness index(mRNAsi)described the similarity between tumor cells and CSCs,which is positively associated with the poor prognosis of cancer patients.However,the key prognostic genes related to mRNAsi in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)remains unclear.A 9-gene signature related to mRNAsi and HCC prognosis including PSMG3,SNRPD1,DTYMK,PIGU,NME1,TXNL4A,IPO4,PES1,and REXO4 was obtained.High expression of this signature indicates poor prognosis of HCC.PIGU was an independent prognostic factor of HCC,which was significantly associated with progression of HCC.Among them,DTYMK and NME1 enriched in pyrimidine metabolism,SNRPD1 and TXNL4A enriched in spliceosome and PIGU enriched in glycosyl phosphatidylinositol(GPI)-anchor biosynthesis pathways.High levels of IPO4,NME1,PES1,PIGU and SNRPD1 were closely associated with metastasis of HCC,and low levels of IPO4,PIGU and REOX4 were significantly associated with sorafenib resistance of HCC.High expression of the 9-gene signature was negatively correlated with the stromal cell infiltration,and positively correlated with specific immune subtypes-related to angiogenesis,M1/M2 macrophage polarization,and M2 response.The 9-gene signature was negatively correlated with the stroma,and SNRPD1 and TXNL4 were positively correlated with immune infiltrate.NME1 was negatively correlated with tumor purity.Therefore,a 9-gene signature related to mRNAsi and poor prognosis in HCC were identified,which can be used as biomarkers for the diagnosis of HCC and functional mechanism exploration of CSCs in HCC.These genes such as IPO4 and PIGU might drive the transition of tumor cells into CSCs which possibly controls the balance between metastasis and drug resistance in HCC.The challenge on balance between metastasis and drug resistance for tumor therapy was firstly reported by the present study.展开更多
Objective:T o analyze the effect of adjuvant noninvasive positive pressure ventilation on blood gas parameters, cardiac function and inflammatory state in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and...Objective:T o analyze the effect of adjuvant noninvasive positive pressure ventilation on blood gas parameters, cardiac function and inflammatory state in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and type II respiratory failure. Methods:90 patients with COPD and type II respiratory failure were randomly divided into observation group and control group (n=45). Control group received conventional therapy, observation group received conventional therapy+adjuvant noninvasive positive pressure ventilation, and differences in blood gas parameters, cardiac function, inflammatory state, etc., were compared between two groups of patients 2 weeks after treatment. Results:Arterial blood gas parameters pH and alveolar-arterial partial pressure of oxygen [P(A-a)O2] levels of observation group were higher than those of control group while, potassium ion (K+), chloride ion (Cl-) and carbon dioxide combining power (CO2CP) levels were lower than those of control group 2 weeks after treatment;echocardiography parameters Doppler-derived tricuspid lateral annular systolic velocity (DTIS) and pulmonary arterial velocity (PAV) levels were lower than those of control group (P<0.05) while pulmonary artery accelerating time (PAACT), left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVDd) and right atrioventricular tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) levels were higher than those of control group (P<0.05);serum cardiac function indexes adiponectin (APN), Copeptin, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), cystatin C (CysC), growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) and heart type fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP) content were lower than those of control group (P<0.05);serum inflammatory factors hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-1β(IL-1β), IL-8, IL-10, and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) content were lower than those of control group (P<0.05). Conclusions:Adjuvant noninvasive positive pressure ventilation can optimize the blood gas parameters, cardiac function and inflammatory state in patients with COPD and type II respiratory failure, and it is of positive significance in improving the overall treatment outcome.展开更多
Ni-based transition metal nitrides(TMNs)have been regarded as promising substitutes for noble-metal electrocatalysts towards the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)due to their low cost,excellent chemical stability,high ...Ni-based transition metal nitrides(TMNs)have been regarded as promising substitutes for noble-metal electrocatalysts towards the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)due to their low cost,excellent chemical stability,high electronic conductivity,and unique electronic structure.However,facile green synthesis and rational microstructure design of Ni-based TMNs electrocatalysts with high HER activity remain challenging.In this work,we report the fabrication of Ni/Ni_(3)N heterostructure nanoarrays on carbon paper via a one-step magnetron sputtering method under low temperature and N2 atmosphere.The Ni/Ni_(3)N hierarchical nanoarrays exhibit an excellent HER catalytic activity with a low overpotential of 37 mV at 10 mA·cm^(−2)and robust long-term durability over 100 h.Furthermore,the Ni/Ni_(3)N||NiFeOH(NiFeOH=NiFe bimetallic hydroxide)electrolyzer requires a small voltage of 1.54 V to obtain 10 mA·cm^(−2)for water electrolysis.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations reveal that the heterointerface between Ni and Ni_(3)N could directly induce electron redistribution to optimize the electronic structure,which accelerates the dissociation of water molecules and the subsequent hydrogen desorption,and thus boosting the HER kinetics.展开更多
Electrocatalytic hydrogenation(ECH)of organics using water as hydrogen donors has been regarded as a green organic reduction technique to replace traditional chemical reactions that use sacrificial chemicals.The devel...Electrocatalytic hydrogenation(ECH)of organics using water as hydrogen donors has been regarded as a green organic reduction technique to replace traditional chemical reactions that use sacrificial chemicals.The development of ECH process provides potential applications in the production of value-added chemicals owing to its low energy consumption,low pollution,high safety,and superior sustainability.However,its application is limited by the low conversion rate and poor selectivity toward desired products.The efficiency of ECH can be improved by rational design of electrocatalysts.This review covers several representative electrocatalytic systems(aldehydes,ketones,phenolic organics,alkynes,and organonitrogen compounds)and summarizes different ECH mechanisms,followed by thorough discussion on the modification strategies of electrocatalysts that are currently adopted to enhance the catalytic performance.Finally,in view of the current challenges for ECH,we discuss possible future directions in the field,aiming to provide guidance to the catalyst design toward highly efficient ECH reactions over different organic feedstocks.展开更多
基金supported by the General Program of Chongqing Natural Science Foundation(CSTB2022NSCQMSX1227 and CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX0459)the supports from the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(SWU-XDJH202314)。
文摘Although the performance of perovskite solar cells(PSCs)has been dramatically increased in recent years,stability is still the main obstacle preventing the PSCs from being commercial.PSC device instability can be caused by a variety of reasons,including ions diffusion,surface and grain boundary defects,etc.In this work,the cross-linkable tannic acid(TA)is introduced to modify perovskite film through post-treatment method.The numerous organic functional groups(–OH and C=O)in TA can interact with the uncoordinated Pb^(2+)and I^(-)ions in perovskite,thus passivating defects and inhibiting ions diffusion.In addition,the formed TA network can absorb a small amount of the residual moisture inside the device to protect the perovskite layer.Furthermore,TA modification regulates the energy level of perovskite,and reduces interfacial charge recombination.Ultimately,following TA treatment,the device efficiency is increased significantly from 21.31%to 23.11%,with a decreased hysteresis effect.Notably,the treated device shows excellent air,thermal,and operational stability.In light of this,the readily available,inexpensive TA has the potential to operate as a multipurpose interfacial modifier to increase device efficiency while also enhancing device stability.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province(No.2021YFS0182)Science and Technology Department of Tibet(No.XZ202201ZY0033G)Sichuan Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(No.2021MS088).
文摘Fibrosis is the end-stage change of damaged tissues in various human diseases,which can lead to permanent scarring or organ malfunction.Hypoxia leads to oxidative stress,mitochondrial dysfunction,and inflammation in dysfunctional organs and tissues.Oxidative stress resulting from the overproduction of reactive oxygen species plays a central role in the fibrosis of injured organs.This review addresses the updated knowledge of the relationship between hypoxia and tissue fibrosis mediated by the reactive oxygen species pathway.Moreover,novel anti-fibrotic strategies are discussed,which may suppress reactive oxygen species and organ fibrosis.
基金funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12272246)the Key Research and Development Projects of Sichuan Province(2023YFS0075).
文摘Background:Anisodine hydrobromide(AT3),an anti-cholinergic agent,could be delivered to the brain across the blood-brain barrier and has been used clinically for the treatment of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.Endothelial dysfunction can be caused by hypoxia/reoxygenation(H/R)via oxidative stress and metabolic alterations.The present study investigated whether AT3 regulates the production of nitric oxide(NO)and reactive oxygen species(ROS),and the HIF-1αpathway via regulation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors(mAChRs)in brain microvascular endothelial cells after H/R exposure.Methods:Under H/R conditions,hCMEC/D3 cerebral microvascular endothelial cells were treated with AT3.Specific inhibitors of M2-and M4-mAChRs were used to explore the mechanism by which AT3 influences oxidative stress in endothelial cells.Then,mAChRs expression was detected by western blotting and NO production was detected by Greiss reaction.The intracellular ROS level was measured using DCFH-DA probes.The expression of hypoxia-inducible transcription factor 1α(HIF-1α)was also detected.Results:While H/R induced the expression of M2-and M4-mAChRs,AT3 suppressed the H/R-upregulated M2-and M4-mAChRs.H/R also induced the production of NO,ROS,and apoptosis.AT3 and M4-mAChR inhibitors inhibited the H/R-induced production of NO and ROS and apoptosis.HIF-1αwas induced by H/R,but was suppressed by AT3.Conclusion:Thus,the in vitro evidence shows that AT3 protects against H/R injury in cerebral microvascular endothelial cells via inhibition of HIF-1α,NO and ROS,predominantly through the downregulation of M4-mAChR.The findings offer novel understandings regarding AT3-mediated attenuation of endothelial cell apoptosis and cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.
基金the Key Research and Development Projects in Sichuan Province(No.2021YFS0188).
文摘Cancer stem cells(CSCs)are heterogeneous with self-renewal and differentiation ability.The mRNA expression-based stemness index(mRNAsi)described the similarity between tumor cells and CSCs,which is positively associated with the poor prognosis of cancer patients.However,the key prognostic genes related to mRNAsi in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)remains unclear.A 9-gene signature related to mRNAsi and HCC prognosis including PSMG3,SNRPD1,DTYMK,PIGU,NME1,TXNL4A,IPO4,PES1,and REXO4 was obtained.High expression of this signature indicates poor prognosis of HCC.PIGU was an independent prognostic factor of HCC,which was significantly associated with progression of HCC.Among them,DTYMK and NME1 enriched in pyrimidine metabolism,SNRPD1 and TXNL4A enriched in spliceosome and PIGU enriched in glycosyl phosphatidylinositol(GPI)-anchor biosynthesis pathways.High levels of IPO4,NME1,PES1,PIGU and SNRPD1 were closely associated with metastasis of HCC,and low levels of IPO4,PIGU and REOX4 were significantly associated with sorafenib resistance of HCC.High expression of the 9-gene signature was negatively correlated with the stromal cell infiltration,and positively correlated with specific immune subtypes-related to angiogenesis,M1/M2 macrophage polarization,and M2 response.The 9-gene signature was negatively correlated with the stroma,and SNRPD1 and TXNL4 were positively correlated with immune infiltrate.NME1 was negatively correlated with tumor purity.Therefore,a 9-gene signature related to mRNAsi and poor prognosis in HCC were identified,which can be used as biomarkers for the diagnosis of HCC and functional mechanism exploration of CSCs in HCC.These genes such as IPO4 and PIGU might drive the transition of tumor cells into CSCs which possibly controls the balance between metastasis and drug resistance in HCC.The challenge on balance between metastasis and drug resistance for tumor therapy was firstly reported by the present study.
文摘Objective:T o analyze the effect of adjuvant noninvasive positive pressure ventilation on blood gas parameters, cardiac function and inflammatory state in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and type II respiratory failure. Methods:90 patients with COPD and type II respiratory failure were randomly divided into observation group and control group (n=45). Control group received conventional therapy, observation group received conventional therapy+adjuvant noninvasive positive pressure ventilation, and differences in blood gas parameters, cardiac function, inflammatory state, etc., were compared between two groups of patients 2 weeks after treatment. Results:Arterial blood gas parameters pH and alveolar-arterial partial pressure of oxygen [P(A-a)O2] levels of observation group were higher than those of control group while, potassium ion (K+), chloride ion (Cl-) and carbon dioxide combining power (CO2CP) levels were lower than those of control group 2 weeks after treatment;echocardiography parameters Doppler-derived tricuspid lateral annular systolic velocity (DTIS) and pulmonary arterial velocity (PAV) levels were lower than those of control group (P<0.05) while pulmonary artery accelerating time (PAACT), left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVDd) and right atrioventricular tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) levels were higher than those of control group (P<0.05);serum cardiac function indexes adiponectin (APN), Copeptin, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), cystatin C (CysC), growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) and heart type fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP) content were lower than those of control group (P<0.05);serum inflammatory factors hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-1β(IL-1β), IL-8, IL-10, and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) content were lower than those of control group (P<0.05). Conclusions:Adjuvant noninvasive positive pressure ventilation can optimize the blood gas parameters, cardiac function and inflammatory state in patients with COPD and type II respiratory failure, and it is of positive significance in improving the overall treatment outcome.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51601163,22001081,and 22075236)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(No.2021J011211)+1 种基金the Xiamen Municipal Bureau of Science and Technology(No.3502Z20206070)the Open Fund of Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Applications(No.fma2018012),and Xiamen University.
文摘Ni-based transition metal nitrides(TMNs)have been regarded as promising substitutes for noble-metal electrocatalysts towards the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)due to their low cost,excellent chemical stability,high electronic conductivity,and unique electronic structure.However,facile green synthesis and rational microstructure design of Ni-based TMNs electrocatalysts with high HER activity remain challenging.In this work,we report the fabrication of Ni/Ni_(3)N heterostructure nanoarrays on carbon paper via a one-step magnetron sputtering method under low temperature and N2 atmosphere.The Ni/Ni_(3)N hierarchical nanoarrays exhibit an excellent HER catalytic activity with a low overpotential of 37 mV at 10 mA·cm^(−2)and robust long-term durability over 100 h.Furthermore,the Ni/Ni_(3)N||NiFeOH(NiFeOH=NiFe bimetallic hydroxide)electrolyzer requires a small voltage of 1.54 V to obtain 10 mA·cm^(−2)for water electrolysis.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations reveal that the heterointerface between Ni and Ni_(3)N could directly induce electron redistribution to optimize the electronic structure,which accelerates the dissociation of water molecules and the subsequent hydrogen desorption,and thus boosting the HER kinetics.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities in China(No.20720210010)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22001081)+2 种基金the Science and Technology Projects of Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province(IKKEM,Grant No.:HRTP-[2022]-7)Xiamen University.Qiu Jiang acknowledges the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation funded project(2022M710601)the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China for startup funding(Y030212059003039).
文摘Electrocatalytic hydrogenation(ECH)of organics using water as hydrogen donors has been regarded as a green organic reduction technique to replace traditional chemical reactions that use sacrificial chemicals.The development of ECH process provides potential applications in the production of value-added chemicals owing to its low energy consumption,low pollution,high safety,and superior sustainability.However,its application is limited by the low conversion rate and poor selectivity toward desired products.The efficiency of ECH can be improved by rational design of electrocatalysts.This review covers several representative electrocatalytic systems(aldehydes,ketones,phenolic organics,alkynes,and organonitrogen compounds)and summarizes different ECH mechanisms,followed by thorough discussion on the modification strategies of electrocatalysts that are currently adopted to enhance the catalytic performance.Finally,in view of the current challenges for ECH,we discuss possible future directions in the field,aiming to provide guidance to the catalyst design toward highly efficient ECH reactions over different organic feedstocks.
