Kiwifruit is an economically and nutritionally important fruit crop with extremely high contents of vitamin C.However,the previously released versions of kiwifruit genomes all have a mass of unanchored or missing regi...Kiwifruit is an economically and nutritionally important fruit crop with extremely high contents of vitamin C.However,the previously released versions of kiwifruit genomes all have a mass of unanchored or missing regions.Here,we report a highly continuous and completely gap-free reference genome of Actinidia chinensis cv.‘Hongyang’,named Hongyang v4.0,which is the first to achieve two de novo haploid-resolved haplotypes,HY4P and HY4A.HY4P and HY4A have a total length of 606.1 and 599.6 Mb,respectively,with almost the entire telomeres and centromeres assembled in each haplotype.In comparison with Hongyang v3.0,the integrity and contiguity of Hongyang v4.0 is markedly improved by filling all unclosed gaps and correcting some misoriented regions,resulting in∼38.6–39.5 Mb extra sequences,which might affect 4263 and 4244 protein-coding genes in HY4P and HY4A,respectively.Furthermore,our gap-free genome assembly provides the first clue for inspecting the structure and function of centromeres.Globally,centromeric regions are characterized by higher-order repeats that mainly consist of a 153-bp conserved centromere-specific monomer(Ach-CEN153)with different copy numbers among chromosomes.Functional enrichment analysis of the genes located within centromeric regions demonstrates that chromosome centromeres may not only play physical roles for linking a pair of sister chromatids,but also have genetic features for participation in the regulation of cell division.The availability of the telomere-to-telomere and gap-free Hongyang v4.0 reference genome lays a solid foundation not only for illustrating genome structure and functional genomics studies but also for facilitating kiwifruit breeding and improvement.展开更多
A high-quality genome is the basis for studies on functional,evolutionary,and comparative genomics.The majority of attention has been paid to the solution of complex chromosome structures and highly repetitive sequenc...A high-quality genome is the basis for studies on functional,evolutionary,and comparative genomics.The majority of attention has been paid to the solution of complex chromosome structures and highly repetitive sequences,along with the emergence of a new‘telomere-to-telomere(T2T)assembly’era.However,the bioinformatic tools for the automatic construction and/or characterization of T2T genome are limited.Here,we developed a user-friendly web toolkit,quarTeT,which currently includes four modules:AssemblyMapper,GapFiller,TeloExplorer,and CentroMiner.First,AssemblyMapper is designed to assemble phased contigs into the chromosome-level genome by referring to a closely related genome.Then,GapFiller would endeavor to fill all unclosed gaps in a given genome with the aid of additional ultra-long sequences.Finally,TeloExplorer and CentroMiner are applied to identify candidate telomere and centromere as well as their localizations on each chromosome.These four modules can be used alone or in combination with each other for T2T genome assembly and characterization.As a case study,by adopting the entire modular functions of quarTeT,we have achieved the Actinidia chinensis genome assembly that is of a quality comparable to the reported genome Hongyang v4.0,which was assembled with the addition of manual handling.Further evaluation of CentroMiner by searching centromeres in Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa genomes showed that quarTeT is capable of identifying all the centromeric regions that have been previously detected by experimental methods.Collectively,quarTeT is an efficient toolkit for studies of large-scale T2T genomes and can be accessed at http://www.atcgn.com:8080/quarTeT/home.html without registration.展开更多
The world is currently undergoing profound changes which have never happened within the past century.Global competition in the technology and industry fields is becoming increasingly fierce.The strategic competition o...The world is currently undergoing profound changes which have never happened within the past century.Global competition in the technology and industry fields is becoming increasingly fierce.The strategic competition of the major powers further focuses on the manufacturing industry.Developed countries such as the United States,Germany,and Japan have successively put forward strategic plans such as“re-industrialization”and“return of manufacturing industry”,aiming to seize the commanding heights of a new round of global high-end technology competition and expand international market share.Standing at the historic intersection of a new round of scientific and technological revolution and China's accelerated high-quality development,the“14th Five-Year Plan”clearly pointed out that intelligent manufacturing is the main development trend to promote China's manufacturing to the medium-high end of the global value chain.This reflects the importance of advanced manufacturing for national strategic layout.To better grasp the development direction of advanced manufacturing equipment,the development process and current application status of manufacturing equipment are summarized,and thereafter the characteristics of manufacturing equipment in different development stages of the manufacturing industry are analyzed.Finally,the development trend of advanced milling equipment is prospected.展开更多
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common form of chronic inflammatory arthritis, and it mainly causes the destruction of small joints. The development of this disease is a relatively secret and repeated process, and ther...Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common form of chronic inflammatory arthritis, and it mainly causes the destruction of small joints. The development of this disease is a relatively secret and repeated process, and therefore early diagnosis and evaluation of the disease is usually difficult. In this study, an arthritis model was successfully induced by injecting complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) into the toes of lower limbs of Wistar rats. Seven days after injection of CFA, obvious redness and swelling appeared at the toe joints of lower limbs accompanied by more sensitivity to thermal stimulation. Using the ultraweak bio-photon imaging system (UBIS) established by us, the toe joint area of the lower limbs of rats was imaged 7 days after injection of CFA. It was found that the volar part of lower limbs of arthritis rats showed significantly higher biophoton emissions compared with the control group. The results of this study may provide a basis for further research and devel-opment of early diagnosis and assessment of lesion progression of rheumatoid arthritis.展开更多
目的基于近10年溃疡性结肠炎发病机制的相关文献,探索该领域的研究现状、研究热点及前沿趋势。方法检索Web of Science核心合集数据库中2011年至2021年关于溃疡性结肠炎发病机制的文献。运用Citespace 5.8.R3软件对国家、机构进行合作分...目的基于近10年溃疡性结肠炎发病机制的相关文献,探索该领域的研究现状、研究热点及前沿趋势。方法检索Web of Science核心合集数据库中2011年至2021年关于溃疡性结肠炎发病机制的文献。运用Citespace 5.8.R3软件对国家、机构进行合作分析,对作者进行合作及共被引分析,对学科进行共现分析,对期刊进行共被引、双图叠加分析,对关键词进行共现、聚类及突现分析,绘制可视化知识图谱。结果共纳入文献1425篇,总体发文量处于上升趋势,中国发文量最高,美国与他国的合作性最强;上海中医药大学是发文最多的机构;发文量最多的是ASHWIN N ANANTHAKRISHNAN,共被引频次最高的作者是DANESE S;研究学科以胃肠肝病学为主;共被引次数最多的期刊是GASTROENTEROLOGY;关键词聚类得到10个聚类,涉及免疫、炎症、菌群、基因遗传等,关键词突现分析提示肠道菌群、核因子κB等为前沿热点。结论近10年溃疡性结肠炎发病机制方面的研究越来越受到关注,目前认为UC的发病是基因、炎症、免疫、微生物群以及环境因素等共同作用的结果。可视化分析展示了该领域的研究现状、热点及前沿趋势,为日后的研究提供一定的参考。展开更多
Nanostructured Fe-doped titanium dioxide was synthesized from titanium containing electric furnace molten slag （TCEFMS） by using an alkali fusion, followed by a hydrolyzation-acidolysis-cMcination route. The effects...Nanostructured Fe-doped titanium dioxide was synthesized from titanium containing electric furnace molten slag （TCEFMS） by using an alkali fusion, followed by a hydrolyzation-acidolysis-cMcination route. The effects of Mkali/slag mass ratio, calcinating temperature, calcinating time, and water/slag mass ratio on the extraction efficiency and purity of products were systematically studied in this paper. It is indicated that the best extraction efficiency of nanostructured Fe- doped titanium dioxide is 99.35%, when the molten slag is calcinated at 700℃ for 1 h with the mass ratio of alkali/molten slag of 1.5：1. The influence of alkali/slag mass ratio on the photocatalytic activity of final products was evaluated by the photodegradation of methyl blue under visible light irradiation. A maximum photodegradation efficiency of 88.12% over 30 min was achieved under the optimum conditions.展开更多
To study the characteristics of the 5-prismatic–spherical–spherical(PSS)/universal–prismatic–universal(UPU)parallel mechanism with elastically active branched chains,the dynamics modeling and solutions of the para...To study the characteristics of the 5-prismatic–spherical–spherical(PSS)/universal–prismatic–universal(UPU)parallel mechanism with elastically active branched chains,the dynamics modeling and solutions of the parallel mechanism were investigated.First,the active branched chains and screw sliders were considered as spatial beam elements and plane beam element models,respectively,and the dynamic equations of each element model were derived using the Lagrange method.Second,the equations of the 5-PSS/UPU parallel mechanism were obtained according to the kinematic coupling relationship between the active branched chains and moving platform.Finally,based on the parallel mechanism dynamic equations,the natural frequency distribution of the 5-PSS/UPU parallel mechanism in the working space and elastic displacement of the moving platform were obtained.The results show that the natural frequency of the 5-PSS/UPU parallel mechanism under a given motion situation is greater than its operating frequency.The maximum position error is -0.096 mm in direction Y,and the maximum orientation error is -0.29°around the X-axis.The study provides important information for analyzing the dynamic performance,dynamic optimization design,and dynamic control of the 5-PSS/UPU parallel mechanism with elastically active branched chains.展开更多
Extraction and separation of nickel and cobalt from saprolite laterite ore were studied by using a method of microwave-assisted hydrothermal leaching and chemical deposition. The effects of leaching temperature and ti...Extraction and separation of nickel and cobalt from saprolite laterite ore were studied by using a method of microwave-assisted hydrothermal leaching and chemical deposition. The effects of leaching temperature and time on the extraction efficiencies of Ni2＋ and Co2＋ were investigated in detail under microwave conditions. It is shown that the extraction efficiencies of Ni2＋ and Co2＋ from the ore pre-roasted at 300℃ for 5 h were 89.19% and 61.89% when the leaching temperature and time were about 70℃ and 60 min, respectively. For the separation process of Ni and Co, the separation of main chemical components was performed by adjusting the pH values of sulfuric leaching solutions using a NaOH solution based on the different pH values of precipitation for metal hydroxides. The final separation efficiencies of Ni and Co were 77.29% and 65.87%, respectively. Furthermore, the separation efficiencies of Fe of 95.36% and Mg of 92.2% were also achieved at the same time.展开更多
基金supported by funds from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31972474,90717110)Hubei Natural Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(2020CFA062).
文摘Kiwifruit is an economically and nutritionally important fruit crop with extremely high contents of vitamin C.However,the previously released versions of kiwifruit genomes all have a mass of unanchored or missing regions.Here,we report a highly continuous and completely gap-free reference genome of Actinidia chinensis cv.‘Hongyang’,named Hongyang v4.0,which is the first to achieve two de novo haploid-resolved haplotypes,HY4P and HY4A.HY4P and HY4A have a total length of 606.1 and 599.6 Mb,respectively,with almost the entire telomeres and centromeres assembled in each haplotype.In comparison with Hongyang v3.0,the integrity and contiguity of Hongyang v4.0 is markedly improved by filling all unclosed gaps and correcting some misoriented regions,resulting in∼38.6–39.5 Mb extra sequences,which might affect 4263 and 4244 protein-coding genes in HY4P and HY4A,respectively.Furthermore,our gap-free genome assembly provides the first clue for inspecting the structure and function of centromeres.Globally,centromeric regions are characterized by higher-order repeats that mainly consist of a 153-bp conserved centromere-specific monomer(Ach-CEN153)with different copy numbers among chromosomes.Functional enrichment analysis of the genes located within centromeric regions demonstrates that chromosome centromeres may not only play physical roles for linking a pair of sister chromatids,but also have genetic features for participation in the regulation of cell division.The availability of the telomere-to-telomere and gap-free Hongyang v4.0 reference genome lays a solid foundation not only for illustrating genome structure and functional genomics studies but also for facilitating kiwifruit breeding and improvement.
基金This work was supported by funds from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31972474,31471157)the Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization(SKLTOF20150103).
文摘A high-quality genome is the basis for studies on functional,evolutionary,and comparative genomics.The majority of attention has been paid to the solution of complex chromosome structures and highly repetitive sequences,along with the emergence of a new‘telomere-to-telomere(T2T)assembly’era.However,the bioinformatic tools for the automatic construction and/or characterization of T2T genome are limited.Here,we developed a user-friendly web toolkit,quarTeT,which currently includes four modules:AssemblyMapper,GapFiller,TeloExplorer,and CentroMiner.First,AssemblyMapper is designed to assemble phased contigs into the chromosome-level genome by referring to a closely related genome.Then,GapFiller would endeavor to fill all unclosed gaps in a given genome with the aid of additional ultra-long sequences.Finally,TeloExplorer and CentroMiner are applied to identify candidate telomere and centromere as well as their localizations on each chromosome.These four modules can be used alone or in combination with each other for T2T genome assembly and characterization.As a case study,by adopting the entire modular functions of quarTeT,we have achieved the Actinidia chinensis genome assembly that is of a quality comparable to the reported genome Hongyang v4.0,which was assembled with the addition of manual handling.Further evaluation of CentroMiner by searching centromeres in Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa genomes showed that quarTeT is capable of identifying all the centromeric regions that have been previously detected by experimental methods.Collectively,quarTeT is an efficient toolkit for studies of large-scale T2T genomes and can be accessed at http://www.atcgn.com:8080/quarTeT/home.html without registration.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.92148301)。
文摘The world is currently undergoing profound changes which have never happened within the past century.Global competition in the technology and industry fields is becoming increasingly fierce.The strategic competition of the major powers further focuses on the manufacturing industry.Developed countries such as the United States,Germany,and Japan have successively put forward strategic plans such as“re-industrialization”and“return of manufacturing industry”,aiming to seize the commanding heights of a new round of global high-end technology competition and expand international market share.Standing at the historic intersection of a new round of scientific and technological revolution and China's accelerated high-quality development,the“14th Five-Year Plan”clearly pointed out that intelligent manufacturing is the main development trend to promote China's manufacturing to the medium-high end of the global value chain.This reflects the importance of advanced manufacturing for national strategic layout.To better grasp the development direction of advanced manufacturing equipment,the development process and current application status of manufacturing equipment are summarized,and thereafter the characteristics of manufacturing equipment in different development stages of the manufacturing industry are analyzed.Finally,the development trend of advanced milling equipment is prospected.
文摘Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common form of chronic inflammatory arthritis, and it mainly causes the destruction of small joints. The development of this disease is a relatively secret and repeated process, and therefore early diagnosis and evaluation of the disease is usually difficult. In this study, an arthritis model was successfully induced by injecting complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) into the toes of lower limbs of Wistar rats. Seven days after injection of CFA, obvious redness and swelling appeared at the toe joints of lower limbs accompanied by more sensitivity to thermal stimulation. Using the ultraweak bio-photon imaging system (UBIS) established by us, the toe joint area of the lower limbs of rats was imaged 7 days after injection of CFA. It was found that the volar part of lower limbs of arthritis rats showed significantly higher biophoton emissions compared with the control group. The results of this study may provide a basis for further research and devel-opment of early diagnosis and assessment of lesion progression of rheumatoid arthritis.
文摘目的基于近10年溃疡性结肠炎发病机制的相关文献,探索该领域的研究现状、研究热点及前沿趋势。方法检索Web of Science核心合集数据库中2011年至2021年关于溃疡性结肠炎发病机制的文献。运用Citespace 5.8.R3软件对国家、机构进行合作分析,对作者进行合作及共被引分析,对学科进行共现分析,对期刊进行共被引、双图叠加分析,对关键词进行共现、聚类及突现分析,绘制可视化知识图谱。结果共纳入文献1425篇,总体发文量处于上升趋势,中国发文量最高,美国与他国的合作性最强;上海中医药大学是发文最多的机构;发文量最多的是ASHWIN N ANANTHAKRISHNAN,共被引频次最高的作者是DANESE S;研究学科以胃肠肝病学为主;共被引次数最多的期刊是GASTROENTEROLOGY;关键词聚类得到10个聚类,涉及免疫、炎症、菌群、基因遗传等,关键词突现分析提示肠道菌群、核因子κB等为前沿热点。结论近10年溃疡性结肠炎发病机制方面的研究越来越受到关注,目前认为UC的发病是基因、炎症、免疫、微生物群以及环境因素等共同作用的结果。可视化分析展示了该领域的研究现状、热点及前沿趋势,为日后的研究提供一定的参考。
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(Nos.51272025,50872011,and 50672006)the Major State Basic Research and Development Program of China(No.2007CB613608)
文摘Nanostructured Fe-doped titanium dioxide was synthesized from titanium containing electric furnace molten slag （TCEFMS） by using an alkali fusion, followed by a hydrolyzation-acidolysis-cMcination route. The effects of Mkali/slag mass ratio, calcinating temperature, calcinating time, and water/slag mass ratio on the extraction efficiency and purity of products were systematically studied in this paper. It is indicated that the best extraction efficiency of nanostructured Fe- doped titanium dioxide is 99.35%, when the molten slag is calcinated at 700℃ for 1 h with the mass ratio of alkali/molten slag of 1.5：1. The influence of alkali/slag mass ratio on the photocatalytic activity of final products was evaluated by the photodegradation of methyl blue under visible light irradiation. A maximum photodegradation efficiency of 88.12% over 30 min was achieved under the optimum conditions.
基金Supported by Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. LR18E050003)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51975523,51905481)+1 种基金Postdoctoral Preferred Funding Project of Zhejiang Province (Grant No. zj2019019)Open Foundation of the Key Laboratory of E&M,Ministry of Education&Zhejiang Province (Grant No. EM2019120102)
文摘To study the characteristics of the 5-prismatic–spherical–spherical(PSS)/universal–prismatic–universal(UPU)parallel mechanism with elastically active branched chains,the dynamics modeling and solutions of the parallel mechanism were investigated.First,the active branched chains and screw sliders were considered as spatial beam elements and plane beam element models,respectively,and the dynamic equations of each element model were derived using the Lagrange method.Second,the equations of the 5-PSS/UPU parallel mechanism were obtained according to the kinematic coupling relationship between the active branched chains and moving platform.Finally,based on the parallel mechanism dynamic equations,the natural frequency distribution of the 5-PSS/UPU parallel mechanism in the working space and elastic displacement of the moving platform were obtained.The results show that the natural frequency of the 5-PSS/UPU parallel mechanism under a given motion situation is greater than its operating frequency.The maximum position error is -0.096 mm in direction Y,and the maximum orientation error is -0.29°around the X-axis.The study provides important information for analyzing the dynamic performance,dynamic optimization design,and dynamic control of the 5-PSS/UPU parallel mechanism with elastically active branched chains.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos. 51272025,50872011 and 51072022)the National Basic Research Program of China(No. 2007CB613608)the New Century Excellent Researcher Award Program from the Ministry of Education of China (No. NCET-08-0732)
文摘Extraction and separation of nickel and cobalt from saprolite laterite ore were studied by using a method of microwave-assisted hydrothermal leaching and chemical deposition. The effects of leaching temperature and time on the extraction efficiencies of Ni2＋ and Co2＋ were investigated in detail under microwave conditions. It is shown that the extraction efficiencies of Ni2＋ and Co2＋ from the ore pre-roasted at 300℃ for 5 h were 89.19% and 61.89% when the leaching temperature and time were about 70℃ and 60 min, respectively. For the separation process of Ni and Co, the separation of main chemical components was performed by adjusting the pH values of sulfuric leaching solutions using a NaOH solution based on the different pH values of precipitation for metal hydroxides. The final separation efficiencies of Ni and Co were 77.29% and 65.87%, respectively. Furthermore, the separation efficiencies of Fe of 95.36% and Mg of 92.2% were also achieved at the same time.
