劳动制度对社会协同创新能力的影响——以法国劳动法体系的嬗变为例

通过梳理法国劳动制度的发展历程,本文重新审视了资本主义和雇佣劳动之间的关系。建立在工作租约基础上的经济活动模式促成了法国雇佣劳动的发展,劳动立法应运而生,随之不断完善的社会化的劳动制度推动了法国工业化进程。在信息化、智能化的背景下,共享经济、分享经济方兴未艾,劳动关系正面临全新的挑战。除了顺应新的就业形态,作为经济活动规范性框架的劳动制度更应注重劳动者可行能力的发展,唯有如此,劳动制度才能切实推进各企业、各行业的协同创新,带来社会的全面发展。

呼吁还是退出?

改革开放40多年以来,作为最能体现中国特色社会主义特点的市场主体,我国国有企业取得了巨大成就。但伴随着产业结构的调整、人口红利的衰减、劳动力成本的上升和劳动者维权意识的觉醒,近年来我国国企中劳动争议冲突激增。研究发现,当下我国国有企业职员在劳动争议中表达不满的行为路径主要聚焦在“呼吁”和“退出”两类,而职员们的行为路径选择与我国劳动力市场分割及职业市场的形成有着密切的关系。在这一过程中,我国国有企业的劳动制度也正经历着从“解放政治”到“生活政治”的转向,并将继续影响国企职员的行为路径选择。

Characterization of marine microplankton communities of Qingdao coastal areas using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD)

Microplankton communities of three coastal sites of Qingdao,Shandong Province,China were investigated using RAPD（random amplified polymorphic DNA） molecular markers and morphological observations.Eight RAPD-primers were selected to amplify the DNA polymorphy.The genetic distances inferred from the pairwise similarities were calculated for the phylogenetic tree construction.Meantime,the traditional microscopic determination,a way of visualizing the species composition,was performed to detect the major taxa of microplanktons from all samples.Results showed that：（1） the band sharing index values were in the range of 0.504 2-0.763 2 among samples from the same sampling site at different time scales,while 0.406 5-0.685 7 among the samples from different stations at the same time scales,indicating that spatial variations of microplankton communities were more pronounced than temporal ones;（2） samples from the same station basically clustered together,corresponding to the geographic distribution of the sampling sites;（3） diversity derived from genetic and morphological data did not correspond with each other well.

Diversity of oligotrich ciliates(Ciliophora, Spirotrichea) in the northern coast of South China Sea as revealed in LSU rDNA sequences

Although the taxonomy of oligotrich ciliates has been widely investigated,yet the species diversity remains poorly known.We newly designed a pair of oligotrich-specific LSU rDNA primers covering the 600-bp D1/D2 region,and it was effective for detecting oligotrich species.Using the primers,we constructed the cloning libraries to investigate the species diversity of oligotrichs in the northern coastal waters of the South China Sea.In total,165 oligotrich sequences were obtained from five widely separated sampling sites.Sixty operational taxonomic units(OTUs)were obtained at 99%similarity threshold,and low-abundance OTUs with no more than two sequences contributed most of these(about 78%).Our findings are consistent with previous morphological studies,Strombidium was found the most abundant and widely distributed genus in this area.In addition,the BLAST search in the NCBI database resulted in 95%OTUs matching with named oligotrich species in similarity below 99%.Therefore,oligotrich morphospecies diversity has been underestimated as low-abundance species,and the LSU rDNA oligotrich sequence database needs to be better promoted.

Taxonomy, Morphology and Phylogeny of a New Oligotrich Ciliate-Omegastrombidium hongkongense n. sp.(Protozoa: Ciliophora) from Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong

One new marine oligotrich ciliate, Omegastrombidium hongkongense n. sp., was isolated from a bloom of Noctiluca scuntillans near Port Shelter, Hong Kong. The morphology and infraciliature of this new species were studied on both living and protargol-stained specimens. Its phylogenetic position was discussed based on the sequence of the small subunit r RNA gene. O. hongkongense is different from its congeners with special characters. The cells are usually heart-shaped, and the cell size usually is(20–35) ×(20–30) μm in vivo. Its deep buccal cavity extends obliquely to about 1/2 of cell length. It shows prominent apical protrusion. The adoral zone of membranelles is divided into 17–19 collar membranelles and four buccal membranelles. It has one ball-like macronucleus. The girdle kinety forms a closed loop which obliquely surrounds the body. The ventral kinety and thigmotactic membranelles are not observed. The SSU r RNA sequence of O. hongkongense was close to those of Strombidium paracalkinsi and Varistrombidium kelum with approximately 99% similarity. In the phylogenetic trees, O. hongkongense can be grouped with O. elegans and V. kielum species with very low support(16% ML).

肝脏病变患者血清HLA-G5和外周血T淋巴细胞亚群分布的变化及意义

目的通过联合检测肝脏病变患者血清HLA-G5和全血CD4+、CD8+细胞分布,研究不同肝病患者细胞免疫功能的改变情况及其之间的相互联系,进一步评估患者免疫功能的紊乱程度,为临床治疗肝病患者提供依据。方法(1)经知情同意后,收集医院乙肝、肝硬化、肝癌患者的全血,各组随机抽取40份,离心分离血清备用;使用全自动生化分析仪检测血清中ALT和AST变化情况,全自动化学发光仪检测血清中AFP含量,ELISA法检测血清中的HLA-G5含量变化。(2)分组同上,取四组患者全血,用流式细胞术研究T细胞亚群分布状况。结果(1)研究结果显示,相比乙肝组,肝癌组的AFP、AST和ALT含量明显升高(P<0.05),肝硬化与肝癌组的HLA-G5明显升高(P<0.05)。(2)流式结果显示,肝病患者的T淋巴细胞亚群明显超出正常范围值。与乙肝组相比,肝硬化与肝癌组CD3+百分比均下降(P<0.05),而CD4+/CD8+比值均上升(P<0.05),肝癌组的CD4+百分比增多(P<0.05),肝硬化组的CD8+百分比减少(P<0.05)。结论(1)不同肝病患者血清中HLA-G5的表达变化,提示在整个肝病过程中HLA-G5与及疾病发生发展存在相关性。(2)乙肝、肝硬化和肿瘤患者CD3+和CD4+百分比的变化明显,说明肝病患者的免疫状态和功能严重异常,在癌变过程中免疫功能受损严重。通过观察HLA-G5和T细胞亚群这两项指标的变化情况,更能反映患者病程和当时的免疫状态。

Molecular Phylogenetic Lineage of Plagiopogon and Askenasia(Protozoa, Ciliophora) Revealed by Their Gene Sequences

Prostomates and haptorians are two basal groups of ciliates with limited morphological characteristics available for taxonomy. Morphologically, the structures used to identify prostomates and haptorians are similar or even identical, which generate heavy taxonomic and phylogenetic confusion. In present work, phylogenetic positions lineage of two rare genera, Plagiopogon and Askenasia, were investigated. Three genes including small subunit ribosomal RNA gene(hereafter SSU r DNA), internal transcribed spacer region(ITS region), and large subunit ribosomal RNA gene(LSU r DNA) were analyzed, 10 new sequences five species each. Our findings included 1) class Prostomatea and order Haptorida are multiphyletic; 2) it may not be appropriate to place order Cyclotrichiida in subclass Haptoria, and the systematic lineage of order Cyclotrichiida needs to be verified further; 3) genus Plagiopogon branches consistently within a clade covering most prostomes and is basal of clade Colepidae, implying its close lineage to Prostomatea; and 4) Askenasia is phylogenetically distant from the subclass Haptoria but close to classes Prostomatea, Plagiopylea and Oligohymenophorea. We supposed that the toxicyst of Askenasia may be close to taxa of prostomes instead of haptorians, and the dorsal brush is a more typical morphological characteristics of haptorians than toxicysts.

On four closely related hypotrichous ciliates(Protozoa,Ciliophora,Spirotrichea):molecular characters,interspecific relationships and phylogeny defined with multigene sequence information

In order to clarify the phylogeny and relationships of the most confused hypotrichous ciliates,Holosticha-complex,four closely related holostichids（five populations）,Holosticha bradburyae,H.diademata,Anteholosticha sp.,and A.manca,were compared and analyzed using ITS2 secondary structures,ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region and SSrRNA gene sequences.The ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region sequences of these four species were first sequenced,and they shared sequence identities ranging from 68.0% to 90.1%,while two populations of Anteholosticha sp.differed in three nucleotides（sequence identity 99.8%）.There were several minor differences among ITS2 secondary structures of these species,while two populations of Anteholosticha sp.had the identical secondary structure.Phylogenetic trees inferred from the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region sequences of stichotrichs using multiple algorithms（Neighbor-Joining,Maximum Parsimony and Bayesian） revealed similar topologies.The results show that：（1） Holosticha bradburyae and H.diademata firmly clustered together with strong bootstrap supports,forming a sister clade with Anteholosticha sp.,（2） Anteholosticha appeared to be a paraphyletic assemblage,in which the morphotype A.manca was more closely related to Diaxonella trimarginata than to its congener Anteholosticha sp.Phylogenetic analyses based on the SSrRNA gene and the combined sequences of SSrRNA gene and ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region revealed the similar relationships between Holosticha and Anteholosticha,nevertheless their positions within the subclass Stichotrichia differed from each other inferred from different genes.

基于鳄雀鳝议题的“生态系统的稳定性”SSI教学设计

以鳄雀鳝(Atractosteus spatula)议题在“生态系统的稳定性”一节中的应用为例,借助一定的框架选择议题内容,使用情境教学和问题驱动教学,通过热点话题导入、构建概念模型、多重因果推理、整体分析现象、讨论社会议题、明确概念关系等教学环节,帮助学生逐步形成概念、应用概念、深化对概念的理解,促进学生核心素养的培养,探讨社会性科学议题在“生物与环境”模块中的应用。

构建城市高中“青马早期培养”体系的实践探索

党中央历来高度重视在青年群体中开展马克思主义教育,但成效显著的“青马工程”培养主体中并未涉及高中生,“青马工程”与高中理想信念教育缺乏连贯性,而高中本身开展马克思主义教育的组织架构又缺乏整体性,使其教育实效大打折扣。高中阶段是个体世界观、人生观、价值观形成的关键时期,城市高中理应在青马人才培养体系纵向联动和横向协同上先试先行。结合上海市曹杨第二中学近40年的实践智慧,全面推进我国城市高中“青马工程”早期培养长效机制的构建,除了应以价值认同深化增进培养体系感召力之外,还应全面依托社会实践活动促进培养方案不断标准化,并注重与时俱进双向贯通高中-高校培养全链条。

基于学科前沿提高学生核心素养的教学设计——以“光合作用的原理和应用”为例

随着新一轮教育改革的深化,课程标准对结合前沿知识教学提出了更高的要求。生物学学科发展突飞猛进,而学科前沿素材是教科书的良好补充。本文以“光合作用的原理和应用”为例,探讨“人工合成淀粉”这一前沿素材在教学中的应用,进行提高学生核心素养的教学实践。从课前收集资料、延续教学情境、设计认知冲突、明确科学原理、构建知识体系、布置课后习题6个阶段层层递进,挖掘前沿素材与课内知识的关联内容,着重强化学生的科学思维和社会责任,以期为一线教学提供参考。

长三角区域科技创新资源空间差异及创新效应

科技创新资源是区域开展创新活动的基石,在区域经济发展中占有举足轻重的地位。以长三角区域41个城市为研究对象,基于全局和局部自相关等方法,重点分析了2000—2018年长三角区域研发经费、研发人员、企业等科技创新资源的空间分布及动态演变特征,并运用多元回归模型分析了科技创新资源对区域创新能力的影响。研究发现,长三角区域科技创新资源总体较为丰富,大致呈现出合肥-南京-苏州-上海-杭州-宁波等城市构成的Z形空间格局,空间差异在2000—2018年呈现出不断缩小的态势,科技创新资源对区域创新能力均具有显著的促进作用,随着科技创新资源空间分布的越来越均衡,区域创新能力也相应呈现出越来越高的趋势。提出了促进长三角区域创新发展的对策建议。

以社会实践承载新时代劳动教育的价值与使命——以上海市曹杨第二中学劳动教育课程链为例

在我国的城市教育体系中,教育与生产劳动相结合的指导方针始终贯穿其中。在当前信息技术驱动的新工业革命背景下,城市中劳动教育的强化和改进有其必要性和紧迫感。本文在明晰新时代城市劳动教育的内涵及其与社会实践的关系后,通过梳理和总结上海市曹杨第二中学一以贯之的多层级劳动教育实践智慧,发现社会实践教学活动有利于新时代城市劳动教育长效机制的构建,有助于引导劳动教育的生命之树茁壮成长。

“减负”中学校的作为和贡献--以曹杨二中应对新高考改革的选科系统为例

在当代中国城市的教育体系中,减轻中小学课业负担是一个老生常谈的话题。作为上海市曹杨第二中学教育集团应对新高考改革的众多举措之一,其自主研发的选科咨询系统可谓是"学校减负"的成功尝试。从教育场域的视角出发,可以看到该系统充分挖掘了学生的自主能动性,在促进教育治理体系中各行动主体间互动的同时完成了空间的生产。作为教育场域中的热点社会问题,减负的长效保障机制亟待教育治理系统中多元主体的共同充分参与,形成合力确保系统的动态良性运行。