不同应变率下高强钢的拉伸行为及力学性能分析

高强钢因强度高、塑性好、耐腐蚀性优异而得到广泛应用。然而,高强钢具有显著的应变率敏感性。为此,针对2种高强钢(Ultrafort 401和Ferrium S53钢),开展了不同应变率下(10^(-4)~10^(3) s^(-1))的拉伸试验,获得了屈服强度、抗拉强度、硬化指数等性能参量,并深入分析了其随应变率变化的规律。不同应变率下,Ferrium S53钢的拉伸性能始终优于Ultrafort 401钢,但两者却表现出不同的变化趋势。随着应变率的增加,Ultrafort 401钢的屈服强度和抗拉强度均增大,而Ferrium S53钢的屈服强度增大,抗拉强度先减小后增大。结合微观结构表征发现,Ferrium S53钢所具有的较高的屈服强度与其初始晶粒尺寸更小有关,2种高强钢的抗拉强度随应变率增加所表现出的不同变化趋势则与应变硬化响应差异有关。随着应变率的升高,Ultrafort 401钢的韧窝尺寸增大,而Ferrium S53钢的韧窝尺寸先减小后增大,说明2种高强钢的应变硬化水平随着应变率升高而呈现不同的变化趋势。研究结果为高强钢在不同加载条件下的力学性能评估提供了科学依据,对高强钢的工程应用具有一定的指导意义。

基于氧化铟锡的十重偏芯D型光子准晶光纤的高灵敏度表面等离子体共振传感器

设计并分析了一种高灵敏度表面等离子体共振(SPR)传感器,该传感器由偏芯D型结构的十重光子准晶光纤(PQF)组成,并局部涂覆氧化铟锡(ITO)。偏芯D型结构可以使液体分析更加方便,增强了纤芯模与SPP模之间的耦合,提高了传感灵敏度。采用有限元法对传感器的特性进行研究。结果表明,传感器的波长灵敏度随折射率(RIs)的增大而增大,最大波长灵敏度和分辨率分别为60000 nm/RIU和1.67×10^(−6) RIU。该传感器性能优良,在液体折射率测量方面具有很大的应用潜力。

局域表面等离子体谐振辅助的高效率宽频带可调谐偏振转换超表面

结合狄拉克半金属研究了一种基于各向异性构型的可调谐宽频带太赫兹偏振转换超表面,其中的狄拉克半金属线阵列有利于费米能的调控.研究结果表明,该超表面可以实现宽带高效率的偏振转换,在谐振模式处具有半波片特性.这种转换特性源于局域表面等离子体激元谐振的激发和结构自身的各向异性.当入射角在0°—40°范围内变化时,能保持高效的宽带偏振转换特性,大于40°后,宽带转换逐渐转变为双带或多带转换.此外,发现AlCuFe的费米能从65 meV增大至140 meV过程中,偏振转换效率能维持在很高水平,并且转换性能由单带转换变为宽带转换再变为带较宽的宽带转换与带较窄的单带转换.同时,通过讨论结合了不同类型狄拉克半金属的超表面,得出了狄拉克半金属的金属性越好,相应超表面的宽带偏振转换性能越优的结论.最后,基于类法布里-珀罗谐振腔的多重干涉理论对数值结果进行了验证.

孔缝对金属腔体强电磁脉冲耦合特性影响研究

核电磁脉冲和高功率微波等强电磁脉冲易造成电子设备功能失效甚至损毁,在实际工程实施中用金属腔体对电子设备进行屏蔽是常用的强电磁脉冲抑制手段。基于电磁仿真计算,对含矩形孔缝金属腔体的强电磁脉冲耦合特性进行了系统研究,阐述了孔缝宽长比、腔体尺寸等因素对多种不同类型强电磁脉冲(核电磁脉冲、宽带高功率微波、窄带高功率微波)作用下腔体内耦合场的影响;并以此为基础,重点分析了强电磁脉冲与含孔缝金属腔体之间的作用机制。研究结果表明:不同类型强电磁脉冲耦合信号差异明显,金属腔体对强电磁脉冲的响应是腔体谐振模式、孔缝谐振频率与强电磁脉冲共同作用的结果;当腔体谐振模式、孔缝谐振频率在强电磁脉冲的带内时,腔体内部的耦合场会出现增强效应;特别地,腔体与孔缝间的相互作用还可造成腔体与缝隙的谐振频率发生偏移。因此,在为电子设备设计金属屏蔽外壳时,应基于不同强电磁脉冲的频带范围,对腔体与孔缝的尺寸进行综合设计,抑制腔体、孔缝谐振及谐振频率偏移,提升其强电磁脉冲防护性能。

High performance columnar-like Fe2O3@carbon composite anode via yolk@shell structural design

Conversion-type reaction anode materials with high specific capacity are attractive candidates to improve lithium ion batteries(LIBs), yet the rapid capacity fading and poor rate capability caused by drastic volume change and low electronic conductivity greatly hinder their practical applications. To circumvent these issues, the successful design of yolk@shell Fe2 O3@C hybrid composed of a columnar-like Fe2O3 core within a hollow cavity completely surrounded by a thin, self-supported carbon(C) shell is presented as an anode for high-performance LIBs. This yolk@shell structure allows each Fe2O3 core to swell upon lithiation without deforming the carbon shell. This preserves the structural and electrical integrity against pulverization, as revealed by in situ transmission electron microscopy(TEM) measurement. Benefiting from these structural advantages, the resulting electrode exhibits a high reversible capacity(1013 m Ah g-1 after80 cycles at 0.2 A g-1), outstanding rate capability(710 m Ah g-1 at 8 A g-1) and superior cycling stability(800 m Ah g-1 after 300 cycles at 4 A g-1). A Li-ion full cell using prelithiated yolk@shell Fe2 O3@C hybrid as the anode and commercial Li CoO2(LCO) as the cathode demonstrates impressive cycling stability with a capacity retention of 84.5% after 100 cycles at 1 C rate, holding great promise for future practical applications.

基于单层二硫化钼的高品质因子、高品质因数的四波段完美吸收器

采用时域有限差分方法从理论和数值上提出了一种基于临界耦合和导模共振的单层二硫化钼的四波段完美吸收器,通过阻抗匹配和耦合模理论可以更好地分析其物理机理.单层二硫化钼被放置在二氧化硅与具有周期性长方体空气槽结构的二维聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯层中间.利用导向共振的临界耦合原理得到了单层二硫化钼的高效光吸收,即在共振波长(λ_(1)=510.0 nm,λ_(2)=518.8 nm,λ_(3)=565.9 nm,λ_(4)=600.3 nm)获得了4个共振完美吸收峰,吸收率分别为99.03%,98.10%,97.30%和95.41%,同时平均吸收率在可见光光谱范围高达97.46%,是裸单层二硫化钼的12倍以上.从模拟结果来看,调节结构的几何参数可以来控制单层二硫化钼的共振波长的范围,这对提高单层二硫化钼的吸收强度和选择性具有重要的现实意义.利用临界耦合来增强光-二氧化硅相互作用的新思想也可以应用于其他原子级薄材料.同时,本文也讨论了吸收器的传感性能,发现传感器的最高品质因子、灵敏度与品质因数最高分别为1294.1,155.1 nm/RIU和436.这些结果表明,所设计的结构可能为改善二维过渡金属二元化合物中的光-物质相互作用开辟有前景的技术,并在波长选择性光致发光和光电探测中有着极好的应用前景.

Effect of heat treatment of Mn-Cu precursors on morphology of dealloyed nanoporous copper

Nanoporous copper with nano-scale pore size was synthesized by dealloying Mn-Cu precursor alloy using a free corrosion method. The effects of heat treatment of Mn-Cu precursors on alloy phase, morphology and composition of the resultant nanoporous copper were investigated. It is revealed that the compositions distribute homogeneously in the bulk Mn-Cu precursors, which consequently results in a more fully dealloying for forming nanoporous copper. The alloy phase changes from Cuo.a9Mno.51 and Cuo.21Mno.79 of non-thermally treated precursor to Cuo.33Mn0.67 of heat treated alloy. The residual Mn content in nanoporous copper is decreased from 12.97% to 2.04% （molar fraction） made from the precursor without and with 95 h heat treatment. The typical pore shape of nanoporous copper prepared by dealloying the precursor without the heat treatment is divided into two different zones： the uniform bi-continuous structure zone and the blurry or no pore structure zone. Nanoporous copper is of a uniform sponge-like morphology made from the heat-treated precursor, and the average ligament diameter is 40 nm, far smaller than that from the non-thermally treated precursor, in which the average ligament diameter is estimated to be about 70 nm.

乙二醇热还原法制备超高长径比银纳米线的工艺条件研究

采用乙二醇热还原法制备银纳米线,研究了溶液除氧、控制剂类型、反应时间和反应温度对其长径比的影响。结果表明:通过增加溶液除氧操作和引入三氯化铁控制剂,可以保护银孪晶不受O_(2)/Cl^(-)协同作用的刻蚀,大幅提高银纳米线的长度和纯度;在合适的反应时间和温度条件下获得了直径约100 nm、长度300~400μm、长径比达到3 000~4 000的超长银纳米线,为合成超高长径比银纳米线提供了一个简单高效的方案。

Synthesis and characterization of single-phase nanocrystalline Ag_2Al particles

Single-phase Ag2Al intermetallic nanoparticles, and Ag and Al metallic nanoparticles were synthesized by the flow-levitation （FL） method. Measurements of d-spacings from X-ray diffraction and electron diffraction confirmed that the intermetallic nanoparticles had the hexagonal Ag2Al structure. The morphology, crystal structure and chemical composition of Ag2Al nanoparticles were investigated by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and induction-coupled plasma spectroscopy. A thin amorphous coating was formed around the particles when exposed to air. Based on the XPS measurements, the surface coating of the Ag2Al nanoparticles could most likely be aluminum oxide or silver aluminum oxide. Therefore, the single-phase nanocrystalline Ag2Al intermetallic compound particles can be produced by adjusting some experimental parameters in FL method.

Preparation and Characterization of Copper-Nickel Bulk Nanocrystals

Copper-nickel nanoparticle was directly prepared by flow-levitation method （FL） and sintered by vacuum sintering of powder （VSP） method. Several characterizations, such as transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, differential thermal analysis （DTA）, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy （EDX） were used to investigate the prepared nanostructures. The results of the study show that FL method could prepare high purity Cu-Ni nanocrystals of uniform spheres with size distribution between 20 and 90 nm. After sintering the bulk nanocrystalline copper-nickel has obvious thermal stability and the surface Webster hardness increases with the rising sintering temperature. At the temperature of 900 ℃, the specimen shows higher surface Webster hardness, which is about two times of traditional materials. When the sintering temperature arrives at 1 000 ℃ the relative density of bulk nanocrystals can reach 97.86 percent. In this paper, the variation tendency of porosity, phase and particles size of bulk along with the changing of sintering temperature have been studied.

Effect of CHF3/Ar Gas Flow Ratio on Self-masking Subwavelength Structures Prepared on Fused Silica Surface

Based on an advanced technology, randomly-aligned subwavelength structures（SWSs） were obtained by a metal-nanodot-induced one-step self-masking reactive-ion-etching process on a fused silica surface. Metal-fluoride（mainly ferrous-fluoride） nanodots induce and gather stable fluorocarbon polymer etching inhibitors in the reactive-ion-etching polymers as masks. Metal fluoride（mainly ferrous fluoride） is produced by the sputtering of argon plasma and the ion-enhanced chemical reaction of metal atoms. With an increase in CHF_3/Ar gas flow ratio, the average height of the SWSs increases, the number of SWSs per specific area increases and then decreases, and the optical transmittance of visible light increases and then decreases. The optimum CHF_3/Ar gas flow ratio for preparing SWSs is 1：5.