Endoscopic and pathological characteristics of de novo colorectal cancer:Retrospective cohort study

BACKGROUND Endoscopy has rapidly developed in recent years and has enabled further investigation into the origin and features of intestinal tumors.The small size and concealed position of these tumors make it difficult to distinguish them from nonneoplastic polyps and carcinoma in adenoma(CIA).The invasive depth and metastatic potential determine the operation regimen,which in turn affects the overall survival and distant prognosis.The previous studies have confirmed the malignant features and clinicopathological features of de novo colorectal cancer(CRC).AIM To provide assistance for diagnosis and treatment,but the lack of a summary of endoscopic features and assessment of risk factors that differ from the CIA prompted us to conduct this retrospective study.METHODS In total,167 patients with small-sized CRCs diagnosed by endoscopy were reviewed.The patients diagnosed as advanced CRCs and other malignant cancers or chronic diseases that could affect distant outcomes were excluded.After screening,63 cases were excluded,including 33 de novo and 30 CIA cases.Patient information,including their follow-up information,was obtained from an electronic His-system.The characteristics between two group and risk factors for invasion depth were analyzed with SPSS 25.0 software.RESULTS Nearly half of the de novo CRCs were smaller than 1 cm(n=16,48.5%)and the majority were located in the distal colon(n=26,78.8%).The IIc type was the most common macroscopic type of de novo CRC.In a Pearson analysis,the differential degree,Sano,JNET,and Kudo types,surrounding mucosa,and chicken skin mucosa(CSM)were correlated with the invasion depth(P<0.001).CSM was a significant risk factor for deep invasion and disturbed judgment of endoscopic ultrasound.A high degree of tumor budding and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes are accompanied by malignancy.Finally,de novo CRCs have worse outcomes than CIA CRCs.CONCLUSION This is the first comprehensive study to analyze the features of de novo CRCs to distinguish them from nonneoplastic polyps.It is also the first study paying attention to CSM invasive depth measurement.This study emphasizes the high metastatic potential of de novo CRCs and highlights the need for more research on this tumor type.

Chiral current regulation and detection of Berry phase in triangular triple quantum dots

Based on the hierarchical equations of motion(HEOM)calculation,we theoretically investigate the corresponding control of a triangular triple-quantum-dots(TTQD)ring which is connected to two reservoirs.We initially demonstrate by adding bias voltage and further adjusting the coupling strength between quantum dots,the chiral current induced by bias will go through a transformation of clockwise to counterclockwise direction and an unprecedented effective Hall angle will be triggered.The transformation is very rapid,with a corresponding characteristic time of 80-200 ps.In addition,by adding a magnetic flux to compensate for the chiral current in the original system,we elucidate the relationship between the applied magnetic flux and the Berry phase,which can realize direct measurement of the chiral current and reveal the magnetoelectric coupling relationship.

Heterostructured Pd/PdO nanowires for selective and efficient CO_(2) electroreduction to CO

Palladium(Pd) nanostructures are highly promising electrocatalysts for the carbon dioxide electrochemical reduction(CO_(2) ER). At present, it is still challenge for the synthesis of Pd nanostructures with high activity, selectivity and stability. In this work, a facile PdII-complex pyrolysis method is applied to synthesize the high-quality one-dimensional heterostructured Pd/Pd O nanowires(Pd/Pd O H-NWs).The as-prepared Pd/Pd O H-NWs have a large electrochemically active surface area, abundant defects and Pd/Pd O heterostructure. Electrochemical measurement results reveal that Pd/Pd O H-NWs exhibit up to 94% CO Faraday efficiency with a current density of 11.6 m A cm^(-2) at an applied potential of -0.8 V. Meanwhile, Pd/Pd O H-NWs can achieve a stable catalytic process of 12 h for CO_(2) ER. Such outstanding CO_(2) ER performance of Pd/Pd O H-NWs has also been verified in the flow cell test. The density functional theory calculations indicate that Pd/Pd O heterostructure can significantly weaken the CO adsorption on Pd sites, which improves the CO tolerance and consequently enhances the catalytic performance of Pd/Pd O H-NWs for CO_(2) ER. This work highlights a facile complex pyrolysis strategy for the synthesis of Pd-based CO_(2) ER catalysts and provides a new application instance of metal/metal oxide heterostructure in electrocatalysis.

Possible Role of DNA Polymerase beta in Protecting Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells Against Cytotoxicity of Hydroquinone

Objective To explore the toxicological mechanism of hydroquinone in human bronchial epithelial cells and to investigate whether DNA polymerase beta is involved in protecting cells from damage caused by hydroquinone. Methods DNA polymerase beta knock-down cell line was established via RNA interference as an experimental group. Normal human bronchial epithelial cells and cells transfected with the empty vector of pEGFP-C1 were used as controls. Cells were treated with different concentrations of hydroquinone （ranged from 10 μmol/L to 120 μmol/L） for 4 hours. MTT assay and Comet assay [single-cell gel electrophoresis （SCGE）] were performed respectively to detect the toxicity of hydroquinone. Results assay showed that DNA polymerase beta knock-down cells treated with different concentrations of hydroquinone had a lower absorbance value at 490 nm than the control cells in a dose-dependant manner. Comet assay revealed that different concentrations of hydroquinone caused more severe DNA damage in DNA polymerase beta knock-down cell line than in control cells and there was no significant difference in the two control groups. Conclusions Hydroquinone has significant toxicity to human bronchial epithelial cells and causes DNA damage. DNA polymerase beta knock-down cell line appears more sensitive to hydroquinone than the control cells. The results suggest that DNA polymerase beta is involved in protecting cells from damage caused by hydroquinone.

Chinese Association for the Study of Pain:Expert consensus on chronic postsurgical pain

Chronic postsurgical pain is a common surgical complication that severely reduces a patient’s quality of life.Many perioperative interventions and management strategies have been developed for reducing and managing chronic postsurgical pain.Under the leadership of the Chinese Association for the Study of Pain,an editorial committee was formed for chronic postsurgical pain diagnosis and treatment by experts in relevant fields.The editorial committee composed the main content and framework of this consensus and established a working group.The working group conducted literature review(1989-2020)using key words such as“surgery”,“post-surgical”,“post-operative”,“pain”,“chronic”,and“persistent”in different databases including MEDLINE,EMBASE,PubMed,Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.Only publications in the English language were included.The types of literature included systematic reviews,randomized controlled studies,cohort studies and case reports.This consensus was written based on clinical practice combined with literature evidence.The first draft of the consensus was rigorously reviewed and edited by all the editorial committee experts before being finalized.The level of evidence was assessed by methodological experts based on the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine Levels of Evidence.The strength of recommendation was evaluated by all editorial committee experts,and the opinions of most experts were adopted as the final decision.The recommendation level“strong”generally refers to recommendations based on high-level evidence and consistency between clinical behavior and expected results.The recommendation level“weak”generally refers to the uncertainty between clinical behavior and expected results based on low-level evidence.

Elevated serum growth differentiation factor 15 in multiple system atrophy patients:A case control study

BACKGROUND Multiple system atrophy(MSA) is a serious progressive neurodegenerative disease. Early diagnosis of MSA is very difficult, and diagnostic biomarkers are limited. Growth differentiation factor 15(GDF15) is involved in the differentiation and progression of the central nervous system, and is widely distributed in peripheral blood, which may be a novel biomarker for MSA.AIM To determine serum GDF15 levels, related factors and their potential diagnostic value in MSA patients, compared with Parkinson’s disease(PD) patients and healthy controls.METHODS A case-control study was conducted, including 49 MSA patients, 50 PD patients and 50 healthy controls. Serum GDF15 levels were measured by human enzymelinked immunosorbent assay, and the differences between the MSA, PD and control groups were analyzed. Further investigations were performed in different MSA subgroups according to age of onset, sex, clinical subtypes, diagnostic criteria, and disease duration. Receiver-operating characteristic curve analysiswas used to evaluate the diagnostic value of GDF15, especially for the differential diagnosis between MSA and PD.RESULTS Serum GDF15 levels were significantly higher in MSA patients than in PD patients and healthy controls(P = 0.000). Males and those with a disease duration of more than three years showed higher serum GDF15 levels(P = 0.043 and 0.000;respectively). Serum GDF15 levels may be a potential diagnostic biomarker for MSA patients compared with healthy controls and PD patients(cutoff: 470.42 pg/m L, sensitivity: 85.7%, specificity: 88.0%;cutoff: 1075.91 pg/m L, sensitivity:51.0%, specificity: 96.0%;respectively).CONCLUSION Serum GDF15 levels are significantly higher in MSA patients and provide suggestions on the etiology of MSA.

Efficacy and safety of intravitreal HLX04-O,an anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody,for the treatment of wet age-related macular degeneration

·AIM:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of HLX04-O,an investigational ophthalmic formulation of HLX04(bevacizumab biosimilar)for intravitreal injection,as a treatment for wet age-related macular degeneration(wAMD)in a phase 1/2 clinical trial(NCT04993352).·METHODS:Eligible patients with wAMD were enrolled to receive HLX04-O intravitreal injections at a dose of1.25 mg/0.05 mL every four weeks.Efficacy and adverse events were evaluated every month during study visits.·RESULTS:A 76-year-old male with wAMD in his left eye participated in the trial and completed six cycles of HLX04-O intravitreal injections.Changes were observed in macular center point thickness(baseline vs last study visit,437 vs 255μm)and best-corrected visual acuity letter score(baseline vs last study visit,36 vs 77)of the affected eye,which indicated an improvement in wAMD over treatment.No adverse events were reported by the data cutoff date.·CONCLUSION:HLX04-O at 1.25 mg/0.05 mL every four weeks is well tolerated in this patient,demonstrating promising safety and efficacy in wAMD treatment.Largescale studies are required to confirm the outcomes.

Chiral splitting of Kondo peak in triangular triple quantum dot

New characteristics of the Kondo effect,arising from spin chirality induced by the Berry phase in the equilibrium state,are investigated.The analysis is based on the hierarchical equations of motion(HEOM)approach in a triangular triple quantum-dot(TTQD)structure.In the absence of magnetic field,TTQD has four-fold degenerate chiral ground states with degenerate spin chirality.When a perpendicular magnetic field is applied,the chiral interaction is induced by the magnetic flux threading through TTQD and the four-fold degenerate states split into two chiral state pairs.The chiral excited states manifest as chiral splitting of the Kondo peak in the spectral function.The theoretical analysis is confirmed by the numerical computations.Furthermore,under a Zeeman magnetic field B,the chiral Kondo peak splits into four peaks,owing to the splitting of spin freedom.The influence of spin chirality on the Kondo effect signifies an important role of the phase factor.This work provides insight into the quantum transport of strongly correlated electronic systems.

Large Seebeck coefficient resulting from chiral interactions in triangular triple quantum dots

We theoretically study thermoelectric transport properties through a triangular triple-quantum-dot(TTQD)structure in the linear response regime using the hierarchical equations of motion approach.It is demonstrated that large Seebeck coefficient can be obtained when properly matching the interdot tunneling strength and magnetic flux at the electron-hole symmetry point,as a result of spin chiral interactions in the TTQD system.We present a systematic investigation of the thermopower(the Seebeck coefficient)dependence on the tunneling strength,magnetic flux,and on-site energy.The Seebeck coefficient shows a clear breakdown of electron-hole symmetry in the vicinity of the Kondo regime,accompanied by the deviation from the semiclassical Mott relation in the Kondo and mixed-valence regimes,which result from the many-body effects of the Kondo correlated induced resonance together with spin chiral interactions.

锌卟啉共价有机框架和共轭微孔聚合物的光催化可逆加成-断裂链转移聚合

制备基于锌卟啉共价有机框架(COFs)和共轭微孔聚合物(CMPs)的异相光催化剂用于催化光诱导电子转移可逆加成-断裂链转移(PET-RAFT)聚合.这些光催化剂可以高效地将电子转移到链转移剂制备得到具有窄分子量分布(<1.20)和高链端保真度的聚丙烯酰胺和聚丙烯酸酯,聚合速率高于具有相似构建单元的卟啉或镍卟啉光催化体系.同时,对于锌卟啉COF和CMP材料,不同堆积模式和共轭程度影响了光催化剂的结构和光物理性质.比较两者的结构性质和催化性能,说明了在光控聚合中选择高效催化性质的构建单元是催化剂设计的关键要素.此外,相比于COF,CMP光催化剂具有更高的化学稳定性,可以被有效分离并循环使用.这项工作阐明了多孔有机聚合物在光控聚合中的设计要素,为实现异相的光聚合提供重要借鉴.

临床药学专业研究生学术与临床能力兼备的培养模式探索

临床药学是一门新兴的临床医学与药学的交叉学科。通过对比国际国内临床药学高等教育发展现状,分析了我院临床药学专业研究生学术能力与临床能力不足的原因,在实践和总结中不断改进教学方法,探索使临床药学研究生学术与临床能力兼备的培养模式,强化研究生的实验能力、知识储备、学术能力要素实践、临床实践和人文素养教育,提升学生把临床药学工作成果融通转化为学术成果的能力,提高了教学质量,取得了一定的成绩。

Prevalence of wearing-off and dyskinesia among the patients with Parkinson’s disease on levodopa therapy: a multi-center registry survey in China's Mainland

Objective:Chronic levodopa(L-dopa)treatment in Parkinson’s disease(PD)is often associated with the development of motor complications,but the corresponding epidemiological data is rare in Chinese PD patients.The present survey was to investigate the prevalence rate of wearing-off(WO)and dyskinesia among the patients with PD in China.Methods:From May 2012 to October 2012,a 3-step registry survey for wearing off(WO)and dyskinesia patients with PD receiving levodopa therapy was performed simultaneously at 28 movement disorders clinics in China.Results:There were 1,558 PD patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria.Among them,1,051 had at least one positive response of 9-item wearing off questionnaire(WOQ-9),724 and 160 patients were finally diagnosed with WO and dyskinesia by movement disorders specialists,respectively.The overall prevalence rates of WO and dyskinesia were 46.5%(95%CI 44.0%-48.9%)and 10.3%(95%CI 8.8%-11.8%),respectively.The mean score of WOQ-9 for those with WO was 3.8(SD=1.8),with movement slowness being the most common motor symptoms and pain/aching being the most common non-motor symptoms.Better improvement of motor symptoms(n=354,87.8%)and long-term disease control and drug selection(n=288,71.5%)were the two most frequently considered factors when movement disorders specialists adjusted therapeutic strategies for patients with WO.Conclusions:This survey provided the first multi-center epidemiological data of motor complications among PD patients on L-dopa therapy from China's Mainland.WO prevalence rate among Chinese PD patients was in line with,while dyskinesia prevalence rate was lower than previous reports from other Countries.

Inflammatory biomarkers and cerebral small vessel disease:a community-based cohort study

Background and purpose Although inflammation has been proposed to be a candidate risk factor for cerebral small vessel disease(CSVD),previous findings remain largely inconclusive and vary according to disease status and study designs.The present study aimed to investigate possible associations between inflammatory biomarkers and MRI markers of CSVD.Methods A group of 15 serum inflammatory biomarkers representing a variety of those putatively involved in the inflammatory cascade was grouped and assessed in a cross-sectional study involving 960 stroke-free subjects.The biomarker panel was grouped as follows:systemic inflammation(high-sensitivity C reactive protein(hsCRP),interleukin 6 and tumour necrosis factorα),endothelial-related inflammation(E-selectin,P-selectin,intercellular adhesion molecule 1,vascular cell adhesion molecule 1(VCAM-1),CD40 ligand,lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2,chitinase-3-like 1 protein and total homocysteine(tHCY))and media-related inflammation(matrix metalloproteinases 2,3 and 9,and osteopontin).The association(s)between different inflammatory groups and white matter hyperintensity(WMH),lacunes,cerebral microbleeds(CMBs),enlarged perivascular space(PVS)and the number of deep medullary veins(DMVs)were investigated.Results High levels of serum endothelial-related inflammatory biomarkers were associated with both increased WMH volume(R^(2)=0.435,p=0.015)and the presence of lacunes(R^(2)=0.254,p=0.027).Backward stepwise elimination of individual inflammatory biomarkers for endothelial-related biomarkers revealed that VCAM-1 was significant for WMH(β=0.063,p=0.005)and tHCY was significant for lacunes(β=0.069,p<0.001).There was no association between any group of inflammatory biomarkers and CMBs or PVS.Systemic inflammatory biomarkers were associated with fewer DMVs(R^(2)=0.032,p=0.006),and backward stepwise elimination of individual systemic-related inflammatory biomarkers revealed that hsCRP(β=−0.162,p=0.007)was significant.Conclusion WMH and lacunes were associated with endothelial-related inflammatory biomarkers,and fewer DMVs were associated with systemic inflammation,thus suggesting different underlying inflammatory processes and mechanisms.

High photocatalytic activity of Cu2O/TiO2/Pt composite films prepared by magnetron sputtering

Cu2O/TiOa/Pt three-layer films were deposited on glass substrates using magnetron sputtering method. The surface morphology and the optical properties of the composite film were characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, ultraviolet- visible spectroscopy （UV-Vis） and photoluminescence spectroscopy （PL）. The photocatalytic activity of the samples was evaluated by the photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange （MO） aqueous solution under visible light irradiation. The results indicate that the Cu2O/TiO2/Pt composite films are made up of three layers which are Pt layer, anatase-TiO2 layer and Cu2O layer from bottom to top. The surface of the films is even and composed of regular-shaped spherical particles. The photocatalytic activity of the Cu2O/TiO2/Pt three-layer film is much higher than that of the Cu2O/TiO2 double-layer film. Such enhancement is ascribed to the presence of Pt layer, which further inhibits the photogenerated electron-hole recombination, prolongs the lifetime of the photogenerated carriers, increases the quantum efficiency and hence improves the photocatalytic activity of the film effectively.

Progressive Venous Thrombosis in an 18-Year-Old Man with Down Syndrome

To the Editor： Cerebral venous thrombosis （CVT） indicates occlusion of the main sinus/sinuses or cortical veins, resulting in vascular congestion and neurological lesions. Juveniles with Down syndrome （DS） are more likely to develop thrombosis. However, the association between thrombosis and DS has not been reported widely.