Effects of different doses of glucose and fructose on central metabolic pathways and intercellular wireless communication networks in humans

Fructose and glucose are often widely used in food processing and may contribute to many metabolic diseases.To observe the effects of different doses of glucose and fructose on human metabolism and cellular communication,volunteers were given low,medium,and high doses of glucose and fructose.Serum cytokines,glucose,lactate,nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NADH)and metabolic enzymes were assayed,and central carbon metabolic pathway networks and cytokine communication networks were constructed.The results showed that the glucose and fructose groups basically maintained the trend of decreasing catabolism and increasing anabolism with increasing dose.Compared with glucose,low-dose fructose decreased catabolism and increased anabolism,significantly enhanced the expression of the inflammatory cytokine interferon-γ(IFN-γ),macrophage-derived chemokine(MDC),induced protein-10(IP-10),and eotaxin,and significantly reduced the activity of isocitrate dehydrogenase(ICDH)and pyruvate dehydrogenase complexes(PDHC).Both medium and high doses of fructose increase catabolism and anabolism,and there are more cytokines and enzymes with significant changes.Furthermore,multiple cytokines and enzymes show strong relevance to metabolic regulation by altering the transcription and expression of enzymes in central carbon metabolic pathways.Therefore,excessive intake of fructose should be reduced to avoid excessive inflammatory responses,allergic reactions and autoimmune diseases.

Hierarchically porous Co@N-doped carbon fiber assembled by MOF-derived hollow polyhedrons enables effective electronic/mass transport:An advanced 1D oxygen reduction catalyst for Zn-air battery

Developing advanced oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)electrocatalysts with rapid mass/electron transport as well as conducting relevant kinetics investigations is essential for energy technologies,but both still face ongoing challenges.Herein,a facile approach was reported for achieving the highly dispersed Co nanoparticles anchored hierarchically porous N-doped carbon fibers(Co@N-HPCFs),which were assembled by core-shell MOFs-derived hollow polyhedrons.Notably,the unique one-dimensional(1D)carbon fibers with hierarchical porosity can effectively improve the exposure of active sites and facilitate the electron transfer and mass transfer,resulting in the enhanced reaction kinetics.As a result,the ORR performance of the optimal Co@N-HPCF catalysts remarkably outperforms that of commercial Pt/C in alkaline solution,reaching a limited diffusion current density(J)of 5.85 m A cm^(-2)and a half-wave potential(E_(1/2))of 0.831 V.Particularly,the prepared Co@N-HPCF catalysts can be used as an excellent air-cathode for liquid/solid-state Zn-air batteries,exhibiting great potentiality in portable/wearable energy devices.Furthermore,the reaction kinetic during ORR process is deeply explored by finite element simulation,so as to intuitively grasp the kinetic control region,diffusion control region,and mixing control region of the ORR process,and accurately obtain the relevant kinetic parameters.This work offers an effective strategy and a reliable theoretical basis for the engineering of first-class ORR electrocatalysts with fast electronic/mass transport.

Characteristics of Xiao Chai Hu decoction based on randomized controlled trials: A bibliometric analysis

Objective:To explore the characteristics of Xiao Chai Hu(XCH)decoction in randomized controlled trials(RCTs)using a bibliometric method.Methods:Seven databases including PubMed,Web of Science,Embase,Cochrane library,China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Chinese Scientific Journal Database(VIP)and Wanfang database were retrieved from inception to May 27,2022.In the study,XCH decoction(or modified)used alone or combined with conventional Western medicine as an intervention measure was included.The basic characteristics,funding support,relevant diseases,intervention methods,and adverse events(AEs)were analyzed.Data analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0 software.Results:A total of 813 RCTs were included,published from 1989 to 2022.There was only one Englishlanguage literature with the recent impact factor of 5.374.There were 147 studies were from Chineselanguage core journals,with the highest impact factor of 2.414.Only 6.15%of the literatures mentioned funding support.96.31%of the included literature reported the statistical significance of using XCH decoction.The diseases treated mainly included chronic hepatitis B(9.35%),cough variant asthma(5.66%),dizziness(5.54%),bile reflux gastritis(4.43%),and fever(4.18%).However,the overall research design of the included literature was poor,and large sample size,multicenter RCTs are needed.The incidence of AEs of XCH decoction alone was 8.86%,which was significantly lower than that of conventional Western medicine treatment.The combination of XCH decoction and conventional Western medicine treatment could reduce the incidence of AEs,and no serious adverse event was reported.Conclusion:Although the included studies show that XCH decoction is widely used,and has good efficacy and few AEs.Due to the low quality of the included RCTs,there may be some bias,and its rational use based on the specific conditions is recommended in clinical practice.

Correlations among core species corresponding to the clinical staging of periodontitis

The correlation between microbiota plays a vital role in the progression of periodontal disease.This study investigated the in situ interaction networks between periodontal pathogens in periodontal and peri-implant disease.We used quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Pearson’s correlation coefficients to quantify the copy numbers and correlations of four oral core species—Fusobacterium nucleatum,Porphyromonas gingivalis,Prevotella intermedia,and Streptococcus gordonii—from 80 subgingival sites(healthy and with periodontitis or gingivitis)in patients with periodontitis,and 68 subgingival sites(healthy and with periodontitis,gingivitis,peri-implantitis,or peri-implant mucositis)in patients with implants.The highest bacterial counts were observed for Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia at all the sites.Within the same cohorts,the bacterial loads were greater at diseased sites than at healthy sites.Bacterial counts did not differ among clinical sites in the same group(P>0.05)but differed between periodontitis and peri-implant mucositis sites in the two groups.Porphyromonas gingivalis,F.nucleatum,and Prevotella intermedia had strong correlations at gingivitis and healthy sites and moderate correlations at periodontitis sites in patients with periodontitis.In patients with implants,Prevotella intermedia,F.nucleatum,and S.gordonii had strong correlations only at peri-implantitis sites.Also,based on metagenomic analysis,F.nucleatum and Prevotella intermedia were significantly correlated at the subgingival plaque in peri-implantitis and periodontitis samples.Our results suggest that variations in microbe-microbe interactions in subgingival plaque reflect changes in the progression of periodontal disease,providing a new perspective for understanding the mechanisms of periodontitis and peri-implantitis.

Study on the Cultivation Problems and Strategies for New Professional Tobacco Farmers in China

At present,there are still many difficulties in China s tobacco farmers,such as unreasonable age structure,generally low education level,lack of management ability,and low planting efficiency.It is necessary to cultivate new professional tobacco farmers.Based on the practical problems existing in the cultivation of professional tobacco farmers in China,such as vague screening criteria,lack of pertinence in training content,single training mode,immature evaluation system,insufficient follow-up support and unsystematic cultivation mechanism,this study put forward corresponding strategies and suggestions.

Electron-Beam Welding Joint Strength of Dissimilar Materials

This paper provides an in-depth discussion of the joint strength of electron beam welding of dissimilar materials.The effect of welding parameters and material properties on the joint strength was analyzed,and an argument for the optimal parameter combination is presented.Electron-beam welding technology offers several advantages,including high energy density and the ability to create fine weld seams.However,it also presents certain challenges,such as the complexity of welding parameters and the potential generation of brittle phases.The analysis conducted in this paper holds significant importance in enhancing the quality and efficiency of dissimilar material welding processes.

Comparison of lymph node number and prognosis in gastric cancer patients with perigastric lymph nodes retrieved by surgeons and pathologists

Objective: To compare the numbers of positive and total lymph nodes and prognosis in gastric cancer patients whose perigastric lymph node retrieval was performed by surgeons and pathologists.Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of clinical and follow-up data from 1,056 patients who underwent gastric cancer D2 radical lymph node resection between January 2008 and December 2010 in the Gastrointestinal Surgery Department of Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital.The follow-up ended in December 2015.Patients were divided into two groups according to the specialty of physicians who performed the postoperative perigastric lymph node retrieval: the surgeon group(475 cases) and the pathologist group(581 cases).The numbers of positive and total perigastric lymph nodes and the 3- and 5-year survival were compared between gastric cancer patients in the two groups overall and stratified by TNM stage(AJCC 7th Edition).Results: Overall, the numbers of positive and total lymph nodes were significantly higher in the surgeon group than in the pathologist group(6.53±4.07 vs.4.09±3.70, P=0.021; 29.64±11.50 vs.20.71±8.56, P<0.001).Further analysis showed that the total number of lymph nodes in stage Ⅰ patients(19.40±9.62 vs.15.45±8.59, P=0.011) and the numbers of positive and total lymph nodes in stage Ⅱ(1.38±1.08 vs.0.87±1.55, P=0.031; 25.35±10.80 vs.16.75±8.56, P<0.001) and stage Ⅲ patients(8.11±6.91 vs.6.66±5.12, P=0.026; 32.34±12.55 vs.25.45±8.31, P<0.001)were significantly higher in the surgeon group than in the pathologist group.The survival analysis showed that the3- and 5-year survival of stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ patients was significantly higher in the surgeon group than in the pathologist group(82.0% vs.73.1%, 69.5% vs.61.2%, P=0.038; 49.2% vs.38.9%, 36.3% vs.28.0%; P=0.045).Conclusions: Compared with retrieval performed by pathologists, postoperative perigastric lymph node retrieval performed by surgeons was associated with significant increase in the total lymph node number of stage Ⅰ patients, the numbers of positive and total lymph nodes of stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ patients, and the survival of stage Ⅱ and stage Ⅲ gastric cancer patients.

Individualized Design of the Ventilator Mask based on the Residual Concentration of CO2

OSAHS(Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopnea Syndrome)is a respiratory disease mainly characterized by limited and repeated pauses of breathing in sleep.Currently,the optimal treatment is to apply CPAP(Continuous Positive Airway Pressure)ventilation on the upper airway of the patient through a household respiratory machine.However,if the ventilator mask is designed improperly,it might cause the residue and repeated inhalation of CO2,which will exert an adverse impact on the therapeutic effect.Present research numerically analyzed the CO2 transportation inside a commercial ventilator mask(Mirage SoftGel,ResMed,Australia)based on the reconstructed 3D numerical model of a volunteer's face and performed the improved design of the ventilator mask in terms of the CO2 residual concentration below the nostrils.The fluid dynamic analyses showed that at the end time of expiratory,the CO2 residual concentration below the nostrils is close to 4%.To improve the therapeutic effect,we changed the position of the exhaust holes and found that by moving the exhaust holes to the bottom of the ventilator mask,the CO2 residual concentration below the nostrils would be reduced to no more than 1%.This study established a near physiological computational model and provided a new method for the individualized design of the commercial ventilator mask.

Superionic Conductivity in Ceria‑Based Heterostructure Composites for Low‑Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

Ceria-based heterostructure composite(CHC)has become a new stream to develop advanced low-temperature(300–600°C)solid oxide fuel cells(LTSOFCs)with excellent power outputs at 1000 mW cm−2 level.The state-ofthe-art ceria–carbonate or ceria–semiconductor heterostructure composites have made the CHC systems significantly contribute to both fundamental and applied science researches of LTSOFCs;however,a deep scientific understanding to achieve excellent fuel cell performance and high superionic conduction is still missing,which may hinder its wide application and commercialization.This review aims to establish a new fundamental strategy for superionic conduction of the CHC materials and relevant LTSOFCs.This involves energy band and built-in-field assisting superionic conduction,highlighting coupling effect among the ionic transfer,band structure and alignment impact.Furthermore,theories of ceria–carbonate,e.g.,space charge and multi-ion conduction,as well as new scientific understanding are discussed and presented for functional CHC materials.

Effects of Biochar Based Fertilizer on Soil Nutrient Content and Maize Yield of Acidic Soil in Heilongjiang Province

Unreasonable fertilizer input and low fertilizer utilization seriously restrict the development of maize in Heilongjiang province. In this paper, the effects of biochar based fertilizer on the nutrient content of acidic soil and corn yield in Heilongjiang province were studied. The random block design was adopted, and seven treatments were set with four repetitions. The results showed that biochar based fertilizer increased the soil organic matter content in the mature stage of maize. The S1 (The biochar biobased fertilizer treatment 1 in acid soil), S2 (The biochar biobased fertilizer treatment 2 in acid soil), and S3 (The biochar biobased fertilizer treatment 3 in acid soil) treatments organic matter contents increased by 15.96%, 11.06% and 10.03% than SCK (The Acid Soil Control Check) respectively. The total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, total calcium of S1 treatment corn plants increased 16.81%, 15.34%, 31.20% and 22.96% than SCK. The S1 treatment increased the yield of corn, which was 1.94% higher than SCK. There was no significant difference between the yield of S2, S3 with SCK treatments, which achieved the effect of fertilization reducing.

Microenvironmental engineering:An effective strategy for tailoring enzymatic activities

Rationally,engineering a favorable physicochemical microenvironment for enzymes has recently emerged as an effective strategy to improve their catalytic performance.In this review,we discuss four microenvironmental effects according to the mechanism of action:localizing and excluding reactants and regulators,regulating microenvironmental pH,creating a water-like microenvironment,and increasing the local temperature.These mechanisms are enzyme-independent and can in principle be used in combination to tailor enzyme behaviors,offering new approaches to enabling,enhancing,and regulating enzyme catalysis in diverse applications without the need for genetic engineering.

Load Shedding Strategy Based on Combined Feed-Forward Plus Feedback Control over Data Streams

In data stream management systems (DSMSs), how to maintain the quality of queries is a difficult problem because both the processing cost and data arrival rates are highly unpredictable. When the system is overloaded, quality degrades significantly and thus load shedding becomes necessary. Unlike processing overloading in the general way which is only by a feedback control (FB) loop to obtain a good and stable performance over data streams, a feedback plus feed-forward control (FFC) strategy is introduced in DSMSs, which have a good quality of service (QoS) in the aspects of miss ratio and processing delay. In this paper, a quality adaptation framework is proposed, in which the control-theory-based techniques are leveraged to adjust the application behavior with the considerations of the current system status. Compared to previous solutions, the FFC strategy achieves a good quality with a waste of fewer resources.

PAM-Expanded Streptococcus thermophilus Cas9 C-to-T and C-to-G Base Editors for Programmable Base Editing in Mycobacteria

New therapeutic strategies for the rapid and effective treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis are highly desirable,and their development can be drastically accelerated by facile genetic manipulation methods in Mycobacterium tuberculosis(M.tuberculosis).Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat(CRISPR)base editors allow for rapid,robust,and programmed single-base substitutions and gene inactivation,yet no such systems are currently available in M.tuberculosis.By screening distinct CRISPR base editors,we discovered that only the unusual Streptococcus thermophilus CRISPR associated protein 9(St1Cas9)cytosine base editor(CBE)-but not the widely used Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9(SpCas9)or Lachnospiraceae bacterium Cpf1(LbCpf1)CBEs-is active in mycobacteria.Despite the notable C-to-T conversions,a high proportion of undesired byproducts exists with St1Cas9 CBE.We therefore engineered St1Cas9 CBE by means of uracil DNA glycosylase inhibitor(UGI)or uracil DNA glycosylase(UNG)fusion,yielding two new base editors(CTBE and CGBE)capable of C-to-T or C-to-G conversions with dramatically enhanced editing product purity and multiplexed editing capacity in Mycobacterium smegmatis(M.smegmatis).Because wild-type St1Cas9 recognizes a relatively strict protospacer adjacent motif(PAM)sequence for DNA targeting,we engineered a PAM-expanded St1Cas9 variant by means of structureguided protein engineering for the base editors,substantially broadening the targeting scope.We first developed and characterized CTBE and CGBE in M.smegmatis,and then applied CTBE for genome editing in M.tuberculosis.Our approaches significantly reduce the efforts and time needed for precise genetic manipulation and will facilitate functional genomics,antibiotic-resistant mechanism study,and drugtarget exploration in M.tuberculosis and related organisms.

Research on The Software Development Ability Training With Gradual and Whole Process Based on The Deep Integration Between Industry and Education

In view of the mechanism and quality problems in the software ability training of computer majors in colleges and universities,as well as the engineering ability and innovation ability training results can not effectively meet the needs of society,this paper discusses how to realize the deep integration of production and education through school enterprise cooperation under the existing training mode.Through the establishment of a progressive whole process training system,students’software ability can be improved in an all-round way.Taking Shenyang Aerospace University as an example,it expounds how to organically combine the theoretical teaching in class with the cultivation of extracurricular innovation ability,and gradually guide students to comprehensively improve their software development ability and innovation ability.The model has been running for many years,and plays a leading role in promoting the reform of education and teaching and improving the quality of education,and provides reference for the brotherly colleges and universities.

Fabrication of MXene-Bi_(2)WO_(6)heterojunction by Bi_(2)Ti_(2)O_(7)hinge for extraordinary LED-light-driven photocatalytic performance

Heterojunction composites with intimate interfaces can shorten the diffusion distance,which leads to a shorter path for photogenerated carriers,thereby increasing photocatalytic activity.Herein,we report the fabrication of Ti_(3)C_(2)-Bi_(2)WO_(6)(TC-BW)heterojunctions hinged by Bi_(2)Ti_(2)O_(7)joints via an in situ hydrothermal reaction of Ti_(3)C_(2)in the presence of Na_(2)WO_(4)and Bi(NO_(3))_(3).The TC-BW was characterized using X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning transmission electron microscopy(STEM),and Raman spectroscopy.TC-BW showed superior photocatalytic activity(productivity over 15TC-WB reaches up to 5.0 mmolreacted BA·gcat.^(−1)·h^(−1))in the oxidation of benzyl alcohol using light-emitting diode(LED)light,arising from the surface defects and intimate heterojunction interface between the Ti_(3)C_(2)MXene and Bi_(2)WO_(6)nanosheets.TC-BW heterojunctions provide an enhanced separation efficiency of photogenerated charges,which in turn yields superior photocatalytic activity.Furthermore,it is well substantiated by density functional theory(DFT)calculations.In summary,this study elucidates the preparation of heterojunction composites with intimate interfaces for highly efficient photooxidation.

Erratum to:Fabrication of MXene-Bi_(2)WO_(6)heterojunction by Bi_(2)Ti_(2)O_(7)hinge for extraordinary LED-light-driven photocatalytic performance

In the first page of the original version of this paper,the Received date should be“9 October 2023”instead of“9 October 2013”.

全球跨境水资源冲突与解决方案的研究综述

水资源冲突是关系到区域安全和全球可持续发展的关键科学问题。随着全球气候变化的加剧,水资源时空分布变化导致水冲突问题呈现更复杂和更不确定态势。本文基于全球近百年来1 240件水冲突事件的时空分布特征,立足资源科学、经济学、国际政治学等理论,揭示出各地区水冲突的产生有其自然生态、社会经济、历史文化、国际政治的根源,进而从资源稀缺、流域国际化与国家间水权力不对称、水合作机制缺失与失灵三个角度剖析水冲突的原因。最后,从传统的技术、经济手段向国际关系、国际谈判的视角探求目前的解决机制,提出立足各地区自然、经济、历史特征和发展诉求,通过增进区域利益共享、开展综合流域规划、加强国际条约的执行力等措施探寻适合跨境水资源冲突的协调机制和解决方案。

加速康复外科在儿童尿道下裂围术期的应用效果分析

目的回顾性分析加速康复外科(ERAS)管理在儿童尿道下裂患者围手术期中的应用效果。方法回顾性收集2018年7月至2022年8月中山大学附属第六医院收治的213例小儿尿道下裂患者的临床资料,排除未行手术治疗及行Ⅰ期预置尿道板者,共纳入尿道下裂患者112例,其中行横裁包皮岛状皮瓣管状尿道成形术(Duckett术)29例,改良加盖岛状皮瓣术(Onlay术)17例,Ⅱ期尿道板纵切卷管术(TIP术)41例,因尿瘘行手术修补者25例。所有患儿围术期采用ERAS流程管理,回顾性分析患儿年龄、身高、体质量指数、合并疾病、手术方式、手术时间、麻醉方式、镇痛方式、术中出血量等资料,同时收集患儿术后住院时间,术后恢复饮食及下床活动时间和术后并发症等临床资料。结果患者总住院时间为(5.8±2.6)d,总术后住院时间为(3.9±2.2)d,手术时间为(139±47)min,术中出血量为[10(5,20)]ml,术后3 h恢复饮食者占87.5%(98/112),术后当天下床活动者为83.9%(94/112),术后随访2~53个月,中位时间27个月。术后总体并发症发生率为19.6%(22/112),其中感染2例,予抗炎引流后好转;尿瘘9例,尿道狭窄4例,尿瘘伴尿道狭窄4例,尿道憩室1例,阴茎头裂开1例,尿道肿物1例,予再次手术后均好转。结论ERAS在小儿尿道下裂围术期应用具有一定的安全性及可行性,可促进术后康复,且未增加并发症。

YAP regulates the liver size during the fasting-refeeding transition in mice

Liver is the central hub regulating energy metabolism during feeding-fasting transition.Evidence suggests that fasting and refeeding induce dynamic changes in liver size,but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.Yes-associated protein(YAP)is a key regulator of organ size.This study aims to explore the role of YAP in fasting-and refeeding-induced changes in liver size.Here,fasting significantly reduced liver size,which was recovered to the normal level after refeeding.Moreover,hepatocyte size was decreased and hepatocyte proliferation was inhibited after fasting.Conversely,refeeding promoted hepatocyte enlargement and proliferation compared to fasted state.Mechanistically,fasting or refeeding regulated the expression of YAP and its downstream targets,as well as the proliferation-related protein cyclin D1(CCND1).Furthermore,fasting significantly reduced the liver size in AAV-control mice,which was mitigated in AAV Yap(5SA)mice.Yap overexpression also prevented the effect of fasting on hepatocyte size and proliferation.Besides,the recovery of liver size after refeeding was delayed in AAV Yap shRNA mice.Yap knockdown attenuated refeeding-induced hepatocyte enlargement and proliferation.In summary,this study demonstrated that YAP plays an important role in dynamic changes of liver size during fasting-refeeding transition,which provides new evidence for YAP in regulating liver size under energy stress.

Nanostructured Ni-MoCx:An efficient non-noble metal catalyst for the chemoselective hydrogenation of nitroaromatics

Catalysts for chemoselective hydrogenation are of vital importance for the synthesis of various important chemicals and intermediates.Herein we developed a simple method for preparing a highly efficient Ni-MoC_(x)nanocomposite catalyst via temperature-programmed carburization of a polyoxometalate precursor.X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning transmission electron microscopy(STEM),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),and X-ray absorption spectroscopy(XAS)analyses indicate that the resulting mesoporous nanocomposite catalyst is made up of well-dispersed metallic nickel particles embedded in a MoC_(x)matrix.This catalyst exhibits high activity and selectivity(>99%)in the hydrogenation of various substituted nitroaromatics to corresponding anilines.The high efficiency is attributed to the intimate contact of the constituents favoring electron transfer and hydrogen adsorption.Dihydrogen is physisorbed on the carbide support and dissociates on the nickel particles,as evidenced by Mo K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure(XANES)spectra,density functional theory(DFT),and hydrogen-deuterium exchange.The remarkable catalytic performance of the catalyst could be traced back to the synergistic interaction between the Ni particles and the carbide support.In-situ infrared spectroscopy and DFT simulations indicated that the adsorption/activation of the nitro group is favored compared to that of other substituents at the aromatic ring.In recyclability tests,the Ni-MoC_(x)nanocomposite showed no significant loss of catalytic performance in seven consecutive runs,indicating its robust nature.