利用1979—2015年中国国家气候中心整编的160站月平均气温和NCEP/NCAR全球大气再分析资料,从1979/1980—2008/2009年冬季前期500 h Pa高度场、200 h Pa势函数和850 h Pa势函数场选择预测因子,考虑不同时效因子的组合及其独立性,综合应...利用1979—2015年中国国家气候中心整编的160站月平均气温和NCEP/NCAR全球大气再分析资料,从1979/1980—2008/2009年冬季前期500 h Pa高度场、200 h Pa势函数和850 h Pa势函数场选择预测因子,考虑不同时效因子的组合及其独立性,综合应用多因子回归集合、交叉检验集合、逐月滚动集合,建立了针对中国冬季气温的逐月滚动预测模型,并利用该模型对2010/2011—2014/2015年冬季气温进行了独立预测试验和检验。结果表明,综合运用多种集合可提高短期气候客观定量预测的可行性和稳定性。多因子回归集合能增加可预测站点数,交叉检验集合可减少因统计关系不稳定而产生的对预报效果的影响,逐月滚动集合的应用不仅增加了可预测站点数,而且使预测效果更加稳定。本文建立的预测模型可对中国冬季气温进行长时效的预测,且有一定的预报技巧,对实际的季节预测业务有重要应用价值。展开更多
Femtosecond laser direct writing provides an efficient approach to fabricating single nitrogen vacancy(NV) color centers with a relatively high yield. Different from previously reported NV color centers with a random ...Femtosecond laser direct writing provides an efficient approach to fabricating single nitrogen vacancy(NV) color centers with a relatively high yield. Different from previously reported NV color centers with a random distribution in a bulk diamond or nanocrystals, this gives an opportunity to study the photophysical properties of single NV color centers with precise numbers and positions. However, ultrafast studies on single NV color centers prepared by localization femtosecond laser direct writing are still rare, especially for the graphitization inside a diamond and its relationship with single NV color centers. Here, we report the broadband transient absorption(TA) spectroscopic features of the graphitization and NV color centers in a diamond fabricated by localization femtosecond laser direct writing at room temperature under 400 nm excitation. In comparison with the graphene oxide film, the bleaching features of the graphitization point array in a diamond are similar to reduced graphene oxide,accompanied by excited state absorption signals from local carbon atom vacancy defects in graphene-like structures induced by laser writing. On the other hand, transient features of laser processing array containing single NV color centers with a yield of~50% are different from those of the graphitization point array. Our findings suggest that for ultrashort pulse processing of diamonds, broadband TA spectral signals are sensitive to the surrounding atomic environment of processing sites, which could be applied to laser writing point defects in other materials used as solid-state single photon sources.展开更多
文摘利用1979—2015年中国国家气候中心整编的160站月平均气温和NCEP/NCAR全球大气再分析资料,从1979/1980—2008/2009年冬季前期500 h Pa高度场、200 h Pa势函数和850 h Pa势函数场选择预测因子,考虑不同时效因子的组合及其独立性,综合应用多因子回归集合、交叉检验集合、逐月滚动集合,建立了针对中国冬季气温的逐月滚动预测模型,并利用该模型对2010/2011—2014/2015年冬季气温进行了独立预测试验和检验。结果表明,综合运用多种集合可提高短期气候客观定量预测的可行性和稳定性。多因子回归集合能增加可预测站点数,交叉检验集合可减少因统计关系不稳定而产生的对预报效果的影响,逐月滚动集合的应用不仅增加了可预测站点数,而且使预测效果更加稳定。本文建立的预测模型可对中国冬季气温进行长时效的预测,且有一定的预报技巧,对实际的季节预测业务有重要应用价值。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 62175088, 61927814, 21773087, 21603083, 21903035)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 2016M590259)。
文摘Femtosecond laser direct writing provides an efficient approach to fabricating single nitrogen vacancy(NV) color centers with a relatively high yield. Different from previously reported NV color centers with a random distribution in a bulk diamond or nanocrystals, this gives an opportunity to study the photophysical properties of single NV color centers with precise numbers and positions. However, ultrafast studies on single NV color centers prepared by localization femtosecond laser direct writing are still rare, especially for the graphitization inside a diamond and its relationship with single NV color centers. Here, we report the broadband transient absorption(TA) spectroscopic features of the graphitization and NV color centers in a diamond fabricated by localization femtosecond laser direct writing at room temperature under 400 nm excitation. In comparison with the graphene oxide film, the bleaching features of the graphitization point array in a diamond are similar to reduced graphene oxide,accompanied by excited state absorption signals from local carbon atom vacancy defects in graphene-like structures induced by laser writing. On the other hand, transient features of laser processing array containing single NV color centers with a yield of~50% are different from those of the graphitization point array. Our findings suggest that for ultrashort pulse processing of diamonds, broadband TA spectral signals are sensitive to the surrounding atomic environment of processing sites, which could be applied to laser writing point defects in other materials used as solid-state single photon sources.
